Concluding remarks.

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Factitious Host

Abstract After 35 years of studies, biological control using Trichogramma species is already a routine technique in Brazil. Studies in Brazil have advanced significantly, with increasing potential for use of Trichogramma species on sugarcane, cotton, soybean, corn, forests, fruit trees, and vegetables, among others, in large and small areas and in organic agriculture and greenhouses. Mastery of the techniques for rearing the factitious host is essential for these applications to become practical.

scholarly journals Biological control of fruit flies: bibliometric analysis on the main biocontrol agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e22510111245
Author(s):  
Angélica da Silva Salustino ◽  
Wilma Freitas Celedônio ◽  
Manoel Cícero de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Demichaelmax Sales de Melo ◽  
Josué José da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Publication Language ◽  
The Web

The Tephritidae family has many fruit fly species responsible for causing direct and indirect damage to economically important fruit trees worldwide. Biological control has been sought as a method for the management of these insects, mainly because it does not cause adverse damage to the environment. Thus, this review sought information on what is currently being published in the scientific field about the main biological agents that are used to control fruit flies. The information was obtained through surveys between the months of June and August 2020, in bases such as the Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Springer, and Scielo. The inclusion of the articles followed criteria such as publication language English, Portuguese and Spanish, available in full, from categories A1 to B1, related to the biological agents used in the control of fruit flies and published in the last five years. A total of 2,362 studies were found, of which 105 articles were selected for this review. Regarding the years of publication, only 27% of the studies correspond to references from the years 2019 and 2020, with a greater number of research on parasitoids and developed in the laboratory. The largest concentration of research was in countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Spain.

scholarly journals Biological Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. in the Management of Plant Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Daniel Hernández-Castillo ◽  
Francisco Castillo-Reyes ◽  
Marco Antonio Tucuch-Pérez ◽  
Roberto Arredondo-Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Microbial Strain

This chapter will cover topics about the microbial antagonists Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. from the perspective of use as potential biological control agents on plant diseases. Results obtained in the laboratory about from their isolation, microbial strain collections for both genera, taxonomic identification, antifungal activity in in vitro tests, obtained evaluation of the antifungal effect of secondary metabolites from microbial antagonists will be shown. Besides, results obtained from bioassays in the greenhouse and field are used as biopesticides in the control of diseases in fruit trees and vegetables and their effects on the promotion of plant growth and increased crop yield.

scholarly journals Spondias mombin as a reservoir of fruit fly parasitoid populations in the Eastern Amazon: an undervalued ecosystem service

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11530
Author(s):  
Maria do Socorro Miranda de Sousa ◽  
Ezequiel de Deus ◽  
Adilson Lopes Lima ◽  
Cristiane Ramos de Jesus ◽  
Salustiano Vilar da Costa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Fruit Fly Parasitoids

Fruit flies are economically important pests that infest a wide variety of host trees. The environmental damage caused by traditional pesticide-based control methods has prompted scientists to seek less damaging alternatives such as biological control by native species. Parasitoids, especially Braconidae species, have excellent potential as biological control agents for fruit flies, being both generalists and well distributed geographically. Native fruit trees that support medium or high levels of these parasitoids could therefore play an important role in biological control strategies. A good potential example is Spondias mombin L. in the Brazilian Amazon, which hosts several species of fruit flies and associated parasitoids. Here, we provide a unique synthesis of over nearly two decades of data from the east Amazon, clearly demonstrating the potential of S. mombin to act as a source and reservoir of fruit fly parasitoids. This important ecosystem service (biological control) provided by the parasitoids and supported by S. mombin could be further enhanced through conservation of this plant species in its natural environment.

SUBFREEZING EGGS OF LAMBDINA PELLUCIDARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) ALTERS STATUS AS FACTITIOUS HOST FOR OOENCYRTUS ENNOMOPHAGUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 775-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Drooz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
New York State ◽  
Host Material ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
York State ◽  
Egg Parasite ◽  
Factitious Host

The egg parasite Ooencyrtus ennomophagus Yoshimoto (1975) is a good candidate for the biological control of certain defoliators. In 3 years it eliminated an outbreak of the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Hübner), that reached from southeastern New York State across Connecticut and into Rhode Island (Kaya and Anderson 1974). Timely biological control, however, requires maintenance of parasite cultures in a laboratory for mass production when the need arises. Adults of O. ennomophagus live for about 3 months in the laboratory, but supplying them with suitable host material has been a problem. Drooz and Solomon (1980) found that the eggs of the factitious host, the notodontid Clostera inclusa (Hübner), could be stored at −10°C for a month and used for culturing O. ennomophagus. Tests under way indicate that the eggs may be stored longer than 12 months. I report here the development of O. ennomophagus in eggs kept at −10°C but not in fresh eggs of the pine looper, Lambdina pellucidaria (Grote and Robinson). The results indicate a potential for rearing parasites on treated eggs of non-host insects, if the need arises.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SOME CUCUMBER DISEASES UNDER ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

2003 ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
T.H. Abd-El-Moity ◽  
M.L. Abed-El-Moneim ◽  
M.M.M. Tia ◽  
A.Z. Aly ◽  
M.R.A. Tohamy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Organic Agriculture

scholarly journals Native Vineyard Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Used for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea in Stored Table Grape

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Antonio Domenico Marsico ◽  
Matteo Velenosi ◽  
Rocco Perniola ◽  
Carlo Bergamini ◽  
Scott Sinonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Current Control ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Commercial Development

Postharvest spoilage fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, are considered the main cause of losses of fresh fruit quality and vegetables during storage, distribution, and consumption. The current control strategy is the use of SO2 generator pads whose application is now largely under observation. A high quantity of SO2 can be deleterious for fresh fruits and vegetables and it is not allowed in organic agriculture. For this reason, great attention has been recently focused on identifying Biological Control Agents (BCA) to implement biological approaches devoid of chemicals. In this direction, we carried out our study in isolating five different non-Saccharomyces yeast strains from local vineyards in the South of Italy as possible BCA. We performed both in vitro and in vivo assays in semi-commercial conditions on detached grape berries stored at 0 °C, simulating the temperature normally used during cold storage, and obtained relevant results. We isolated three M. pulcherrima strains and one L. thermotolerans strain able to largely antagonize the development of the B. cinerea, at both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In particular, we detected the ability of the three isolates of M. pulcherrima strains Ale4, N20/006, and Pr7 and the L. thermotolerans strain N10 to completely inhibit (100% in reduction) the mycelial growth of B. cinerea by producing fungistatic compounds. We found, using an extracellular lytic enzymes activity assay, that such activity could be related to lipid hydrolyzation, β-1,3-glucanase and pectinase activity, and pectinase and protease activity, depending on the yeasts used. Results from our in vitro assays allowed us to hypothesize for M. pulcherrima strains Ale4 and N20/006 a possible combination of both the production of soluble metabolites and volatile organic compounds to antagonize against B. cinerea growth. Moreover, in semi-commercial conditions, the M. pulcherrima strain N20/006 and L. thermotolerans strain N10 showed relevant antagonistic effect also at low concentrations (with a significantly reduction of ‘slip skin’ incidence of 86.4% and 72.7%, respectively), thus highlighting a peculiar property to use in commercial development for organic agriculture and the handling process.

Biological control of pepper pests in organic agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
M. Calin ◽  
T.O. Cristea ◽  
P.M. Brezeanu ◽  
S. Ambarus ◽  
C. Brezeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Organic Agriculture

Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: Research, Commercialization, and Application in the USA

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian B. McSpadden Gardener ◽  
Deborah R. Fravel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Research Commercialization ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Interactions

In a narrow sense, biocontrol suppresses pest organisms with other organisms. However, the multiple interactions among organisms and their environment can contribute to effective biological control. Future prospects for using biological control of plant pathogens in both conventional and organic agriculture are described. Accepted for publication 3 May 2002. Published 10 May 2002.

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