Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: Research, Commercialization, and Application in the USA

In a narrow sense, biocontrol suppresses pest organisms with other organisms. However, the multiple interactions among organisms and their environment can contribute to effective biological control. Future prospects for using biological control of plant pathogens in both conventional and organic agriculture are described. Accepted for publication 3 May 2002. Published 10 May 2002.

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Organic Consumer Behavior- Special reference to cereal /cereal products in the southern part of Tamilnadu.

Think India ◽

10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8395 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 757-767

Author(s):

J. ELANCHEZHIAN ◽

Dr. K. KALAICHELVI

Keyword(s):

Organic Agriculture ◽

Regulatory Mechanism ◽

Organic Food ◽

State Governments ◽

Consumer Awareness ◽

Cereal Products ◽

Food Standards ◽

Organic Products ◽

The Usa ◽

The Government

Consumers’ interest in organic products is increasing globally. As IFOAM 2016 report, only 1.2 % of the land has been utilized in organic agriculture method. The overall organic market has achieved 89.7 billion $ in 2016 in that, & 48.4 a billion in sales accounted for the USA and German alone. Total registered organic producer in the worldwide is 2.7 million in that India is the leading country which has 835,200 organic producers. But many of them are a small farmer, and they had shared 1.49 million hectares only. The Government of India (GOI) and the state governments have taken several steps to improve the regulatory mechanism and frame several schemes to incentivize organic farming. 2017 December, Food Standards and Safety Authority of India (FSSAI) have recognized both the certification systems (NPOP and PGS-India) valid for organic food products. From these steps, GOI has tried to create confidence in the organic products, so that, domestic consumers and export countries can trust Indian organic products. But still, the organic sector in India suffered from some unique characteristic that is the absence of proper branding, package, consumer awareness, purchasing power, and supply chain issues (Agarwal, 2018).

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Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 404-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽

Yalda Vasebi ◽

Naser Safaie

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Control Measures ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Disease Management ◽

Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

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The Potential of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi for the Biological Protection of Cereals against Fungal Pathogens

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Dominik Bleša ◽

Pavel Matušinský ◽

Romana Sedmíková ◽

Milan Baláž

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Plant Production ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Organic Substrates

The use of biological control is becoming a common practice in plant production. One overlooked group of organisms potentially suitable for biological control are Rhizoctonia-like (Rh-like) fungi. Some of them are capable of forming endophytic associations with a large group of higher plants as well as mycorrhizal symbioses. Various benefits of endophytic associations were proved, including amelioration of devastating effects of pathogens such as Fusarium culmorum. The advantage of Rh-like endophytes over strictly biotrophic mycorrhizal organisms is the possibility of their cultivation on organic substrates, which makes their use more suitable for production. We focused on abilities of five Rh-like fungi isolated from orchid mycorrhizas, endophytic fungi Serendipita indica, Microdochium bolleyi and pathogenic Ceratobasidium cereale to inhibit the growth of pathogenic F. culmorum or Pyrenophora teres in vitro. We also analysed their suppressive effect on wheat infection by F. culmorum in a growth chamber, as well as an effect on barley under field conditions. Some of the Rh-like fungi affected the growth of plant pathogens in vitro, then the interaction with plants was tested. Beneficial effect was especially noted in the pot experiments, where wheat plants were negatively influenced by F. culmorum. Inoculation with S. indica caused higher dry shoot biomass in comparison to plants treated with fungicide. Prospective for future work are the effects of these endophytes on plant signalling pathways, factors affecting the level of colonization and surviving of infectious particles.

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Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia flavipes (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Invasive Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) in the USA

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Angelica M. Reddy ◽

Paul D. Pratt ◽

Brenda J. Grewell ◽

Nathan E. Harms ◽

Ximena Cibils-Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Host Range ◽

Plant Species ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

The Usa ◽

Physical And Chemical

Exotic water primroses (Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive invaders in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. To date, management of exotic Ludwigia spp. has been limited to physical and chemical control methods. Biological control provides an alternative approach for the management of invasive Ludwigia spp. but little is known regarding the natural enemies of these exotic plants. Herein the biology and host range of Lysathia flavipes (Boheman), a herbivorous beetle associated with Ludwigia spp. in Argentina and Uruguay, was studied to determine its suitability as a biocontrol agent for multiple closely related target weeds in the USA. The beetle matures from egg to adult in 19.9 ± 1.4 days at 25 °C; females lived 86.3 ± 35.6 days and laid 1510.6 ± 543.4 eggs over their lifespans. No-choice development and oviposition tests were conducted using four Ludwigia species and seven native plant species. Lysathia flavipes showed little discrimination between plant species: larvae aggressively fed and completed development, and the resulting females (F1 generation) oviposited viable eggs on most plant species regardless of origin. These results indicate that L. flavipes is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biocontrol agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA and further testing is not warranted.

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Studies of Biological Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogens

Journal of General Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/pl00012959 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 272-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Soilborne Plant Pathogens

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Current Status and Future Prospects for Harvesting and Resource Management of the Agarophyte in Japan

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f76-130 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 1024-1030 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nobuo Yamada

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

South Korea ◽

Conservation Management ◽

Resource Conservation ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Annual Output ◽

The Usa

Agar-agar manufacturing was Japan’s monopoly for about 300 yr from 1644 until about 1920, when its production was initiated in the USA by introducing techniques from Japan, and then was begun in South Korea, Indonesia, and many other countries. Today the average annual output of agar-agar of over 20 countries amounts to 6000 tons, half of which is produced in Japan.Agarophytes are harvested in many countries and traded among them. In Japan, nearly 14,000 tons are consumed in a year, two thirds of which are imported from about 20 countries.Under these circumstances, there is a worldwide demand for appropriate measures for resource conservation, effective harvesting, and utilization of agarophytes.This paper presents the results of basic and applied investigations on the agarophytes and the existing state of harvesting and resource-conservation management in Japan.

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