scholarly journals Biological Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. in the Management of Plant Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Daniel Hernández-Castillo ◽  
Francisco Castillo-Reyes ◽  
Marco Antonio Tucuch-Pérez ◽  
Roberto Arredondo-Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Microbial Strain

This chapter will cover topics about the microbial antagonists Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. from the perspective of use as potential biological control agents on plant diseases. Results obtained in the laboratory about from their isolation, microbial strain collections for both genera, taxonomic identification, antifungal activity in in vitro tests, obtained evaluation of the antifungal effect of secondary metabolites from microbial antagonists will be shown. Besides, results obtained from bioassays in the greenhouse and field are used as biopesticides in the control of diseases in fruit trees and vegetables and their effects on the promotion of plant growth and increased crop yield.

scholarly journals Control of root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in avocado (Persea Americana) with bioagents

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Karla Braga ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
Martin Homechin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

ABSTRACT Despite the favorable edaphoclimatic conditions for avocado production in Brazil, diseases such as root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi compromise the crop. With the aim of managing root rot in avocado, the present study aimed to evaluate chemical and biological control with isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Thus, three assays were conducted to assess: (i) mycelial inhibition of P. cinnamomi by isolates of Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens from different crop systems; (ii) effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens, and (iii) chemical or biological treatment of avocado seedlings on the control of root rot under field conditions. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. from maize cultivation soil and the commercial products formulated with Trichoderma presented greater antagonism (p <0.05) to the pathogen P. cinnamomi in the in vitro tests. Similarly, non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens presented antagonistic potential to control P. cinnamomi. Under field conditions, the fungicide metalaxyl and the bioagents showed effectiveness in controlling P. cinnamomi, as well as greater root length and mass. Results demonstrated potential for the biological control of avocado root rot with Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens.

scholarly journals CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DE Bursaphelenchus cocophilus POR RIZOBACTÉRIAS E Trichoderma spp.

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Carina Melo da Silva ◽  
Cássia Cristina Chaves Pinheiro ◽  
Ieda Alana Leite de Sousa ◽  
Paulo Manoel Ponte Lins ◽  
Gisele Barata da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizers ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Nematode Mortality

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de rizobactérias e Trichoderma spp. no controle biológico de Bursaphelenchus cocophilus. Foram avaliados 19 isolados de Pseudomonas spp. (P), 29 de Bacillus spp. (B) e 27 de Trichoderma spp. (T), obtidos de plantio comercial. Os isolados foram caracterizados quanto a produção de compostos bioquímicos. Foi avaliada a taxa de mortalidade de B. cocophilus in vitro e in vivo, neste último realizou-se também a quantificação das enzimas relacionadas à patogênese. Os isolados B14 e P41 proporcionaram 69% e 56% de taxa de mortalidade de nematoides, respectivamente e foram tanto proteolíticos como solubilizadores de fosfato. Os isolados T41 e T54 apresentaram 96% de mortalidade de B. cocophilus in vitro e foram produtores de quitinases, protease e sideróforos. No experimento in vivo, os isolados de rizobactérias B14, B23 e P23 promoveram maior taxa de mortalidade do B. cocophilus do que os demais tratamentos. As mudas de coqueiro inoculadas com o B. cocophilus apresentaram aumento nas atividades das enzimas peroxidases, quitinase e β-1,3-glucanases, quando comparadas com a testemunha (mudas não inoculadas). Os isolados B41, P14, T41 e T54 apresentaram-se como potenciais agentes de controle biológico do B. cocophilus.Palavras-chave: anel vermelho, antagonismo, nematoid. BIOLOGIC CONTROL OF Bursaphelenchus cocophilus WITH RHIZOBACTERIA AND Trichoderma isolates  ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of rhizobacteria Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. isolates on the biological control of the nematode Bursaphelenchus cocophilus. The potential biological control isolates (48 rhizobacteria and 27 Trichoderma spp.) were characterized biochemically. The biological control experiments were carried out "in vitro" and "in vivo", and in the later one, the mortality rate of the nematodes and the pathogenesis related enzymes were evaluated. Rhizobacterial isolates B14 and P41 provided a high nematode mortality rate (69% and 56%, respectively) and both were proteolytic and phosphate solubilizers. In the "in vivo" experiment, rhizobacterial isolates B14, B23 and P23 tested the highest mortality rates of B. cocophilus than the isolates of Trichoderma spp. and of the control as coconut saplings challenged with B. cocophilus showed indices higher in enzyme activities, peroxidases, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanases when compared to witness (seedling not inoculated). The isolates B41, P14, T41 and T54 were presented as potential biological control agents of B. cocophilus.Keywords: red ring, antagonism, nematode. DOI:   

scholarly journals Screening of wheat endophytes as biological control agents against Fusarium head blight using two different in vitro tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Comby ◽  
Marie Gacoin ◽  
Mathilde Robineau ◽  
Fanja Rabenoelina ◽  
Sébastien Ptas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals The Iturin-like Lipopeptides Are Essential Components in the Biological Control Arsenal of Bacillus subtilis Against Bacterial Diseases of Cucurbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1540-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Zeriouh ◽  
Diego Romero ◽  
Laura García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Francisco M. Cazorla ◽  
Antonio de Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Bacillus Spp

The antibacterial potential of four strains of Bacillus subtilis, UMAF6614, UMAF6619, UMAF6639, and UMAF8561, previously selected on the basis of their antifungal activity and efficacy against cucurbit powdery mildew, was examined. Among these strains, UMAF6614 and UMAF6639 showed the highest antibacterial activity in vitro, especially against Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. These strains produced the three families of lipopeptide antibiotics known in Bacillus spp.: surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Using thin-layer chromatography analysis and direct bioautography, the antibacterial activity could be associated with iturin lipopeptides. This result was confirmed by mutagenesis analysis using lipopeptide-defective mutants. The antibacterial activity was practically abolished in iturin-deficient mutants, whereas the fengycin mutants retained certain inhibitory capabilities. Analyses by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed the cytotoxic effect of these compounds at the bacterial plasma membrane level. Finally, biological control assays on detached melon leaves demonstrated the ability of UMAF6614 and UMAF6639 to suppress bacterial leaf spot and soft rot; accordingly, the biocontrol activity was practically abolished in mutants deficient in iturin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of these B. subtilis strains as biocontrol agents against fungal and bacterial diseases of cucurbits and the versatility of iturins as antifungal and antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Biological Control of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sharon ◽  
M. Bar-Eyal ◽  
I. Chet ◽  
A. Herrera-Estrella ◽  
O. Kleifeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The fungal biocontrol agent, Trichoderma harzianum, was evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. In greenhouse experiments, root galling was reduced and top fresh weight increased in nematode-infected tomatoes following soil pretreatment with Trichoderma peat-bran preparations. The use of a proteinase Prb1-transformed line (P-2) that contains multiple copies of this gene improved biocontrol activity in the greenhouse experiments compared with the nontransformed wild-type strain (WT). All the Trichoderma strains showed the ability to colonize M. javanica-separated eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) in sterile in vitro assays, whereas P-2 also penetrated the egg masses. This protease-transformed line presented the same nematicidal and overall proteolytic activity as the WT in in vitro tests in which concentrated soil extracts from Trichoderma-treated soils immobilized the infective J2. However, the J2 immobilization and proteolytic activities of both P-2 and the WT were higher than those obtained with strain T-203. Characterization of the activity of all Trichoderma strains soil extracts on J2 showed that it was heat resistant and restricted to the low-molecular-weight fraction (less than 3 kDa). It is suggested that improved proteolytic activity of the antagonist may be important for the biological control of the nematodes.

The antagonistic properties of Trichoderma spp. inhabiting woods for potential biological control of wood-damaging fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaejung Lee ◽  
Nayoon Huh ◽  
Joo Hyun Hong ◽  
Beom Seok Kim ◽  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Trichoderma Aureoviride

Abstract The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. for biological control of wood-damaging fungi was investigated in the present paper. In vitro assays to investigate antifungal characteristics of Trichoderma spp. were conducted with various wood-damaging fungi. Exo-chitinase activity of the isolates was also measured. Three typical wood decayers and three sap-stainers served as target fungi. The antagonistic abilities of each Trichoderma species differed markedly according to the target fungus. The growth inhibition rates shown by the non-volatile metabolites against the wood decayers reached 100% for Trichoderma harzianum KUC1459. The antibiotics produced by Trichoderma dorotheae KUC5027, a recently reported species of Trichoderma, revealed strong antagonistic effects against sap-stainers. Trichoderma gamsii KUC1747 effectively inhibited the growth of all wood-damaging fungi in dual culture tests. The exo-chitinases of Trichoderma longibrachiatum KUC1540, Trichoderma aureoviride KUC1335, and T. harzianum KUC1459 showed significantly high activity.

scholarly journals Selection of antagonists for biocontrol of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajcin ◽  
Vanja Vlajkov ◽  
Dragoljub Cvetkovic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Xanthomonas Euvesicatoria ◽  
Selection Of

Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is a worldwide causer of pepper bacterial spot, a bacterial plant disease responsible for massive losses of fresh pepper fruits. Considering the current problems in management of bacterial plant diseases, biological control using antagonistic microbial strains with high potential for plant pathogens suppression emerges as a possible solution. The aim of this study was to select suitable antagonists for suppression of X. euvesicatoria among the bacteria, yeast and fungi from the genera Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and Trichoderma, based on in vitro antimicrobial activity testing using the diffusion disc method. The results of this study have revealed that cultivation broth samples of the antagonists Lactobacillus MK3 and Trichoderma reseii QM 9414, as well as supernatant samples of the antagonist Pseudomonas aeruginosa I128, have showed significant potential to be applied in biological control of X. euvesicatoria. Further research would be required to formulate suitable cultivation medium and optimize bioprocess conditions for production of the proposed pepper bacterial spot biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAN FISIOLOGI BAKTERI ENDOFIT DAN RIZOBAKTERI DARI TANAMAN CENGKEH SEHAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fina Dwimartina ◽  
Tri Joko ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Symbiotic Mutualism ◽  
Bacillus Spp

One of the determining factors in disease control is the use of superior seeds which have good quality and quantity. The use of biological control agents that form a symbiotic mutualism in their host plants can be used as an effort to obtain quality clove seeds. Endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria have been reported as potential biological control agents for many plant diseases because of their safety in humans and non-target organisms. The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological and morphological characteristics of endophytic and rhizobacterial isolates obtained from clove plants. A total of 46 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from healthy clove roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Also, 66 isolates were isolated from the soil around the rhizosphere area. Based on the results of the identification of physiological and morphological characteristics, it is evident that the endophytic and rhizobacterial bacteria tested have the same character as Bacillus spp.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document