Soybean breeding through induced mutation in Vietnam.

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Thao Duc Le ◽  
Chung Thi Bao Pham
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Ideal Genotype ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
Mutation Research

Abstract In Vietnam, soybean is one of the traditional crops and plays an important role in crop rotation, soil improvement and meeting the nutritional needs of humans and livestock. With the aim of generating genetic variability in soybean and creating new soybean varieties to meet the needs of production, induced mutation research has been carried out since the 1980s and has gained outstanding achievements. Induction of modified traits and their incorporation into an ideal genotype was achieved by judicious use of the induced mutation technique. So far, outstanding soybean varieties such as DT84, DT90, DT99, DT2008 and several promising lines have been developed in Vietnam by incorporating desirable traits like high and stable yield (2.0-3.5 t/ha), good quality, drought tolerance, disease resistance (rust, powdery mildew, downy mildew), short growth duration (70-100 days), wide adaptability and suitability for cropping systems and ecological regions in the whole country. The most outstanding variety, DT84, occupies over 50% of the total production area and 80% in Central and North Vietnam (about 70,000-80,000 ha/year). These varieties have also been used as materials for developing several additional improved soybean varieties. Thus, induced mutation research has played an important role in improving soybean varieties in Vietnam.

Potential Long-Term Benefits of No-Tillage and Organic Cropping Systems for Grain Production and Soil Improvement

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
Charles B. Coffman ◽  
Ruth W. Mangum
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Production

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant rice varieties for the western mid hills of Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
B. B. Adhikari ◽  
B. Mehera ◽  
S. M. Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the most important staple food crop in Nepal, but current yields are low and total production varies, mostly due to drought. To evaluate high yielding and drought tolerant rice genotypes in typical rainfed lowland conditions, a participatory varietal selection trials was conducted with farmers in farmer’s field at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during the wet season 2009 and 2010. Trials were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Results obtained from two years’ experiment indicated that the genotypes IR-74371-54-1 and IR74371-70-1 matured at the same duration as the local check Radha-4 (120-123 days growth duration). Both genotypes had a high average chlorophyll content (SPAD reading of 15.9-16.1), were medium tall (110-112 cm), non-lodging, had a high number of filled grains and little sterility, and a high grain yield (mean yield 5.0 and 4.8 t ha-1, respectively). They also had the highest root length (22.4-26.2 cm) and root weight (9.5-10 g hill-1) which could tolerate more drought than the other genotypes tested. The maximum cost/benefit ratio was found in IR-74371-54-1 (1:1.72) followed by IR-74371-70-1 (1:1.66) and IR-74371-46-1-1 (1:1.65). All three lines were highly preferred by farmers in preference rankings during field visits and were released in Nepal in 2011 as Sookhadhan-2, Sookhadhan-3 and Sookhadhan-1 varieties, respectively. They fit easily into the existing cropping system in rainfed lowlands, are economically viable and safe to cultivate for the farmers in the mid hills of Nepal.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 195-206

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts in Malawi and Zambia: The Past, Present, and Future

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2394-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. C. Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Near Future

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop in Malawi and Zambia. The crop is valued for soil improvement in cereal-based cropping systems, for improving the livelihoods of farming households who consume it and also sell it for cash, and for earning foreign exchange when exported. Research and development efforts have resulted in an increase in both peanut production area and productivity. However, a key challenge that still needs to be solved in these countries is how to produce peanuts with acceptable levels of aflatoxin contamination. Data continues to show that aflatoxin continues to be a problem in both formal and informal trade. As a result, unlike 30 years ago, most of the peanut trade has now shifted to domestic and regional markets that do not restrict the sale of aflatoxin-contaminated peanuts. Impacts of aflatoxin contamination on health and also on the full cost burden of control are not well documented. Technologies are available for mitigating against aflatoxin contamination. The advantages, disadvantages, and gaps associated with these technologies are discussed. Considerable money and effort continues to be invested in Malawi and Zambia into mitigating aflatoxin contamination, but evidence of long-term success is limited. Based on past and current initiatives, the prospects of eliminating aflatoxin in the near future at the household level and in trade are not promising.

scholarly journals A Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Organic and Conventional Nigella sativa L. Crop Production in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Evangelia STEFANOPOULOU ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Konstantinos TSIMPOUKAS ◽  
Stella KARIDOGIANNI ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Cost

Nigella sativa L. is considered to be an alternative crop offering innovative and high-quality products. A case study was implemented on an existing farm to determine the prospects of N. sativa production in Greece and to assess the economic outcomes of the cultivation of this crop under organic and conventional cropping systems. The total production cost of organic N. sativa seeds was 6.09 €/kg, while the cost of conventional seeds was 4.77 €/kg. The organic and conventional N. sativa seed selling prices were 17.04 and 12.01 €/kg, respectively. Moreover, the financial performance of farm is better after the introduction of N. sativa crop under organic cropping system, where the net profit increased by 63.8% compared to the initial profit of the farm, while the increase in the conventional was less at 49.2%. N

scholarly journals Produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
A. K. Oliveira ◽  
J. S. S. Lima ◽  
A. M. A. Bezerra ◽  
G. S. O. Rodrigues ◽  
M. L. S. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Promising Practice ◽  
Commercial Yield

<p>Sistemas de cultivo com incorporação de adubos verdes podem preservar a capacidade produtiva do solo em longo prazo, oferecendo resíduos que proporcionarão melhorias nas condições físicas, química e biológica do solo tornando-o propício para a implantação de uma cultura sucedente. Diante disso, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram o efeito residual de quatro quantidades de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo (10, 25, 40 e 55 t ha-¹ em base seca). As características avaliadas na cultura do rabanete foram: altura e diâmetro de plantas, número de folhas, produtividade total e comercial de raízes, massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes. O efeito residual da incorporação de flor-de-seda ao solo na quantidade de 55 t ha-¹ proporcionou a maior produtividade de raízes comerciais de rabanete, e assim podemos afirmar que a adubação verde com flor-de-seda apresenta-se como uma prática promissora para o produtor de hortaliças em cultivo sucessivo.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugula</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Cropping systems in with incorporation of green manures can preserve the productive capacity of the soil over time providing waste to the soil improvement in the conditions physical, chemical and biological, making it suitable for the implementation of a succeeding crop. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugula. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments were the residual effect of four amounts of fleur-de-silk incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-¹ dry basis). The characteristics evaluated in the radish production were: plant height, diameter, total and commercial yield of roots, dry weight of shoots and roots. The residual effect of the fleur-de-silk incorporation into the soil in the amount of 55 t ha-¹ provided the highest yield of commercial radish roots.  The green manure with fleur-de-silk was presented as a promising practice for the producer of vegetables in succeeding crop.</p>

Economie analysis of alternative cropping systems for a bean/wheat rotation on light-textured soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Yiridoe ◽  
A. Weersink ◽  
R. C. Roy ◽  
C. J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
No Till

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has been the predominant cash crop grown on sandy soils of southern Ontario, but the area cropped has fallen significantly with the decline in tobacco demand. Crops such as beans and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are technically feasible alternatives, but their yields have been highly variable. Cover crops and conservation tillage are approaches that may increase the productive capacity of sandy soils while reducing the environmental impact of present production systems. In this study, yields, costs and net returns of three bean-winter wheat cropping systems were evaluated under conventional tillage and four variations of no-till systems differentiated by the type of cover crop. The three beans considered were soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.), white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Average yields of the three beans grown under conventional tillage were consistently lower than those of the four no-till treatments, but the differences were significant in only a few years. Total production cost for the bean crops was $96 ha−1 lower for the no-till treatments than for conventional tillage. Average net returns for the rotation involving kidney beans were approximately $100 ha−1 higher than those involving white beans and $330 ha−1 higher than soybeans. Conventional tillage produced the lowest net returns within each of the bean/wheat rotations. Key words: Conventional tillage, no-till, bean, net returns

scholarly journals Production of potato breads

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
AZ Rupa ◽  
I Hussain ◽  
O Goni
Keyword(s):  
Food Policy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Potato Flakes ◽  
High Share

This study conduct to produce nutritious bread using locally abundant and available raw materials such as wheat, potato, soybean flour & oil. Potato ranks third in Bangladesh behind rice and wheat, in terms of total production. Potato is commonly used as a vegetable in Bangladesh, but in many other areas potato is treated as a staple food. Policy makers and administrators realize that, to meet the country's growing food requirements, the dependence on cereals must be reduced. A bounty production of potatoes in Bangladesh should channelize to product diversification to legitimize the price of Potatoes will help the potato farmers. It is relatively labor-intensive and land-intensive and would combine well with other crops in cropping systems to use land that would otherwise be idle. A sharp revenue earning will be enjoyed for the Government provided potato diversified use occurs here in Bangladesh. This study was dedicated to very high share use of potatoes in various frequently used foods like bread. Trying to use upto 50% of potato to make various products like bread, cakes & potato flakes. The proximate analysis test or laboratory test shows containing protein 2.26% comparing with market breads 1%. The taste of bread produced in our laboratory was compared with other five company wheat breads, available in market. The product showed extraordinary softness & flavor relative to other market available breads. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17332 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(3), 201-204, 2013

scholarly journals Optimizing plant density of promising Rice genotypes in northwest Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B Karmakar ◽  
MA R Sarkar ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
SM Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Rice Cropping Systems

A study was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, regional station farm, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, during 2010 and 2011 wet seasons to determine the effect of plant density on the performance of different genotypes. Three plant densities (20- × 15-, 20- × 20- and 25- × 15-cm spacing) and six genotypes (BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57, IR83377-B-B-93-3, IRRI 123, IR83381-B-B-6-1 and Binadhan-7) were tested in a strip-plot design with three replications, placing planting densities in the vertical plots and genotypes in the horizontal plots. Planting density × genotype produced significant effect on grain yield in 2011 but not in 2010. BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57 and IR83381-B-B-6-1 produced the highest grain yield in 20- × 15-cm spacing, while the other genotypes (IR83377-B-B-93-3, IRRI 123 and Binadhan-7) produced the higher yields in 25- × 15- or 20- × 20-cm spacing. In both years, genotypes had significant effects on grain yield, all yield components, growth duration, plant height, tillers hill-1 and tillers m-2, but not on straw and biological yield. Among the genotypes, IR83377-B-B-93-3 gave the highest mean grain yield (5.11 t ha-1) followed by IRRI 123 (4.97 t ha-1). The lowest mean yield (4.04 t ha-1) was found in BRRI dhan57 followed by IR83381-B-B-6-1 (4.14 t ha-1). Planting density had significant effects on grain yield, panicles hill-1, panicles m-2, tillers hill-1 and tillers m-2, and closer spacing reduced the number of days to flowering and maturity. Short duration rice genotypes achieved higher grain yields in closer spacing while longer duration genotypes produced higher grain yields in wider spacing. Results of this investigation suggest that the optimal plant density is dependent on varietal characteristics, and that current fixed planting densities used in many rice cropping systems are probably not adequate.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 1-7

scholarly journals Sustainable Cropping Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
First Century ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Ecological Principles

Crop production must increase substantially to meet the needs of a rapidly growing human population, but this is constrained by the availability of resources such as nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce negative environmental impacts from crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles, appropriate use of inputs, and soil improvement are the core for integrated approaches to solve this grand challenge. This special issue includes several review and original research articles on these topics for an array of cropping systems, which can advise implementation of best management practices and lead to advances in agronomics for sustainable intensification of crop production.

scholarly journals Conservation agriculture-impact on the productivity and economy of various cropping systems of Central India

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Ashish Tiwari ◽  
Anay Rawat ◽  
K.K Agrawal ◽  
Sidarth Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Central India ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Point

Present field research work of different resource conservation practices on cropping systems was studied in both the season i.e. Kharif and Rabi season during 2010- 2012 at Research Farm, J.N. KrishiVishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P). Research Farm of Kymore plateau and Satpura hill region of Madhya Pradesh which is located at Central India. Results received from the experiment indicated that the Conventional tillage has demonstrated its supremacy over limited tillage with more total production in terms of rice equivalent yield (REY) and economic point of view. The mulch application significantly promotes the production of the tillage system without the mulch, but no mulch has a higher Net Monetary Return (NMR) than the applied mulch. The application of recommended dose of fertilizers, in which 25% Nitrogen supplied through organic sources resulted in greater total production in term of REY of cropping system of the area than the recommended dose of fertilizers alone, but economically greater Net Monetary Returns was observed in 100% recommended dose of fertilizers. The existing cropping system Rice-Berseem purely not only gave higher total production in term of REY, but the most selective choice for the conservation of resource in the Kymore plateau region, and fetched the maximum NMR and B:C  ratio.

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