Nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammation in veterinary medicine

AbstractInflammation is a process consisting of a complex of cytological and chemical reactions which occur in and around affected blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to an injury caused by a physical, chemical or biological insult. Much work has been performed in the past several years investigating inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS, EC 1.14.13.39) and nitric oxide in inflammation. This has resulted in a rapid increase in knowledge about iNOS and nitric oxide. Nitric oxide formation from inducible NOS is regulated by numerous inflammatory mediators, often with contradictory effects, depending upon the type and duration of the inflammatory insult. Equine medicine appears to have benefited the most from the increased interest in this small, inflammatory mediator. Most of the information on nitric oxide in traditional veterinary species has been produced using models or naturally occurring inflammatory diseases of this species.

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Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors of Chinese herbs. Part 2: Naturally occurring furanocoumarins

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00200-5 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2701-2707 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ching-Chiung Wang ◽

Jing-Erh Lai ◽

Lih-Geeng Chen ◽

Kun-Ying Yen ◽

Ling-Ling Yang

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Chinese Herbs ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

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Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity in the Granulomatous Intestinal Lesions of Naturally Occurring Bovine Johne's Disease

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.42-3-241 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 241-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. Hostetter ◽

E. Huffman ◽

K. Byl ◽

E. Steadham

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Johne's Disease ◽

Johne’S Disease ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Intestinal Lesions ◽

Granulomatous Diseases ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is important in the control of a number of intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria, and is a marker of classic macrophage activation. In human granulomatous diseases such as leprosy, a spectrum of granulomatous lesions is described, ranging from the tuberculoid to lepromatous types. Tuberculoid granulomas are associated with enhanced iNOS production and improved clinical outcomes over the lepromatous types. The aim of this study is to determine whether an association exists between morphology of bovine Johne's disease granulomas and lesion macrophage effector functions. To accomplish this, we retrospectively evaluated 24 cases of bovine Johne's disease. In each case, we recorded the predominant granuloma morphology and evaluated iNOS immunoreactivity and bacterial burden by acid-fast stains and mycobacterial immunolabeling. The results of this study demonstrate that all cases had granulomas with features most similar to the lepromatous type. This morphology correlated with heavy bacterial burdens demonstrated by acid-fast staining and mycobacterial immunoreactivity. None of the cases had high expression of iNOS in mycobacterial-positive granulomas. When iNOS immunoreactivity was identified, it was usually located near the crypts and was distinct from the granulomatous foci.

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Liquid Perfluorochemical Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Nitric Oxide Formation in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Journal of Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1254/jphs.09043fp ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Li-Ping Chang ◽

Yuan-Shu Lai ◽

Chang-Jer Wu ◽

Tz-Chong Chou

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Oxide Formation ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Nitric Oxide Formation ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

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HPLC Analysis of Naturally Occurring Methylated Catechins, 3‘ ‘- and 4‘ ‘-Methyl-epigallocatechin Gallate, in Various Fresh Tea Leaves and Commercial Teas and Their Potent Inhibitory Effects on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Macrophages

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf0507442 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (18) ◽

pp. 7035-7042 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Feng-Lan Chiu ◽

Jen-Kun Lin

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

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Mercury induces the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233711427048 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hye-Jeong Park ◽

Hyung-Sun Youn

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that mediates the inducible expression of a variety of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. NF-κB activation induces numerous proinflammatory gene products including cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The divalent heavy metal mercury has been used for thousands of years. Although mercury is clearly toxic to most mammalian organ systems, especially the immune system, exposure has still increased in some areas of the world. However, the underlying toxic mechanism is not clearly identified. Here, we report biochemical evidence that mercury alone induces NF-κB activation, resulting in the induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS. The results suggest that mercury can induce inflammatory diseases by lowering host defense.

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