Variability in the rate of decline in birth weight as litter size increases in sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gootwine
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Rate Of Decline

AbstractCarrying multiple foetuses leads to a decline in lamb birth weight. The rate of litter size-dependent birth weight decline (LSDBD) in a population can be obtained by calculating the linear relationship between the reciprocal of lamb's birth weight and the respective litter size. Based on published data on lamb birth weight and by using the reciprocal approach, LSDBD rate was calculated for 70 purebred and crossbred sheep populations in which birth weight of lambs born as singles ranged from 1·3 to 6·3 kg. High variability in LSDBD was found. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the variability of this trait.

Distribution of Bark Procyanidin Contents in Pinus yunnanensis Populations and Related Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Zhang ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Chuntang Mao ◽  
Yuanbing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Related Species ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Quadratic Regression Model ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Northwest Yunnan ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitat ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The distribution of the bark procyanidin contents in 26 populations of Pinus yunnanensis and 8 populations of P. kesiya var. langbianensis and 5 populations of P. densata was determined. The results indicated that genetic and environmental factors commonly affected the procyanidin content in the populations of P. yunnanensis and related species. The procyanidin contents in the three related species followed the order of P. densata (54.72 mg/g) > P. kesiya (43.86 mg/g) > P. yunnanensis (37.95 mg/g). Furthermore, the procyanidin content in P. yunnanensis and related species had high variability. The procyanidin contents in the three related species showed that the procyanidin contents of P. densata distributed in northwest Yunnan and P. kesiya distributed in southern Yunnan were high, the procyanidin content of the population with introgression and hybridization or a heterogeneous habitat was also high, and that of P. yunnanensis distributed in central Yunnan was low. The quadratic regression model of procyanidin content and latitude was Y = 1329.06 -100.52* Latitude +1.95 * Latitude2.

scholarly journals The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
S. Kramarenko ◽  
◽  
A. Kramarenko ◽  
S. Lugovoy ◽  
D. Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Size Type

The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs The aim of this study was to determine the effect of some important factors influencing on the birth and weaning weight variability in lambs. Data from 2603 ewes was included in the analysis, where 3961 lambs were obtained during the five years of the research. Data was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the GLM procedure of Minitab Release 13.1. Our results presented significant influence on the year of lambing, breed, ram genotype, age of a dam, type of a birth (litter size), sex of a lamb and on the birth weight and weaning weight of lambs. Keywords: birth and weaning weight of lambs; ram genotype; year of lambing; age of ewes; litter size (type of birth); sex of a lamb; the Ascanian fine-fleece breed.

scholarly journals Modeling Genetic and Environmental Factors to Increase Heritability and Ease the Identification of Candidate Genes for Birth Weight: A Twin Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gielen ◽  
P. J. Lindsey ◽  
C. Derom ◽  
H. J. M. Smeets ◽  
N. Y. Souren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

THE BIRTH AND WEANING WEIGHTS OF HIGHLAND AND HEREFORD CATTLE AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Lawson ◽  
H. F. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Birth and weaning data were collected from 1957 to 1960 on 219 calves of the Highland and Hereford breeds and their reciprocal crosses. Significant (P < 0.01) effects of breed of calf, age of dam, sex of calf, and date of birth on birth weight, and significant (P < 0.01) effects of breed of calf, year of birth, age of dam, sex of calf, and age of calf on weaning weight, demonstrated the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors when undertaking comparative tests of breeds and crosses.Breed means and standard errors for birth weight were Hereford, 70.7 ± 0.9; Highland, 63.6 ± 1.0; Highland (sire) × Hereford (dam), 73.6 ± 0.9; and Hereford (sire) × Highland (dam), 70.1 ± 1.1 lb. Weaning weight means and standard errors were: Hereford, 360 ± 5.6; Highland, 339 ± 6.7; Highland × Hereford, 378 ± 6.0; and Hereford × Highland, 385 ± 7.0 lb.The average of the reciprocal crosses exceeded the average of the parental breeds by 7.0% in birth weight and 9.2% in weaning weight.Variability (sum of squares) in birth weight accounted for by breed of calf was about twice that accounted for by age of dam or sex of calf, and about 6 times that contributed by year of birth or date of birth within years. The influence of age of dam on the variability in weaning weight was about twice that accounted for by breed of calf, year of birth, or age of calf, and about 7 times that due to sex of calf.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight And Litter Size In Yankasa Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
R. O. Balogun ◽  
M. E. Olayemi ◽  
O .A, . Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Affecting

Records on 1634 lambings of a Yankasa sheep flock collected from 1983 to 1990 were used to determine the effects of parity, litter size, sex, season and year of birth on birth weight, and that of parity, season and year of birth on litter size respectively.  Least squares means (± s.e.) for birth weight and litter size were 2.49±0.013kg and 1.22±0.010 respectively. Birth weight was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, sex, litter size and season of birth. Lambs born in the late wet season had higher birth weights than those born in other seasons. Also, male and single lambs were heavier at birth than female and twin lambs.  Litter size was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, season and year of birth. Late wet season lambing had lower litter size than other seasons.  The repeatability estimates for birth weight and litter size were 0.19±0.028 and 0.01±0.032 respectively while phenotypic correlation between the two traits was -0.249.

scholarly journals Effect of genetic and environmental factors on the phenotype characteristics of lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of environmental factors affecting body weight variability of lambs in two crossbreed groups: Pirot x W?rttemberg and Sjenica x W?rttemberg. Both populations were managed under the same farm conditions. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of age of the dam, weight of dam, birth type, sex, year and season, on the birth weight and weaning weight of crossbreed lambs. Statistical analysis was performed by GLM procedure using the SPSS statistical package program. The average birth weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 3.56 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs was slightly higher at 3.69 kg. The difference on birth weight between the two crosses was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average weaning weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 23.54 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs had higher weight at 24.37 kg. The difference of 0.83 kg on weaning weight was statistically significant (P <0.05). Body weight, depending on the environmental factors, ranged from 3.17 to 3.96 kg at birth and from 22.12 to 24.18 kg at weaning in Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs. Body weight of Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs ranged from 3.39 to 3.99 kg at birth and from 22.69 to 25.44 kg at weaning. Statistical analysis showed that the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) and highly significant (P<0.01).

scholarly journals Birth Weight and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Young Men Born at Term: The Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor H. Ahlqvist ◽  
Margareta Persson ◽  
Francisco B. Ortega ◽  
Per Tynelius ◽  
Cecilia Magnusson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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