pinus yunnanensis
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Author(s):  
Jianlin Li ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Kai-Cheng Du ◽  
An-dong Wang ◽  
Da-Li Meng

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Panmeng Wang ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Tiezhi Liu ◽  
Zhu L. Yang

Saprophytic fungi (SPF) play vital roles in ecosystem dynamics and decomposition. However, because of the complexity of living systems, our understanding of how SPF interact with each other to decompose organic matter is very limited. Here we studied their roles and interactions in the decomposition of highly specialized substrates between the two genera Auriscalpium and Strobilurus fungi-colonized fallen pinecones of the same plant sequentially. We obtained the genome sequences from seven fungal species with three pairs: A. orientale-S. luchuensis, A. vulgare-S. stephanocystis and A. microsporum-S. pachcystidiatus/S. orientalis on cones of Pinus yunnanensis, P. sylvestris and P. armandii, respectively, and the organic profiles of substrate during decomposition. Our analyses revealed evidence for both competition and cooperation between the two groups of fungi during decomposition, enabling efficient utilization of substrates with complementary profiles of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes). The Auriscalpium fungi are highly effective at utilizing the primary organic carbon, such as lignin, and hemicellulose in freshly fallen cones, facilitated the invasion and colonization by Strobilurus fungi. The Strobilurus fungi have genes coding for abundant CAZymes to utilize the remaining organic compounds and for producing an arsenal of secondary metabolites such as strobilurins that can inhibit other fungi from colonizing the pinecones.


Author(s):  
Panmeng Wang ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Tiezhi Liu ◽  
Zhu L. Yang

Saprophytic fungi play vital roles in nutrient cycling and ecosystem dynamics. However, our understanding of how saprophytic fungi interact with each other to decompose organic matter is very limited. Here, we conducted field surveys of pinecone-colonizing/decomposing mushrooms, investigated the chemical compositions of decomposing pinecones, and analyzed seven new genomes of three pairs of mushrooms in the genera Auriscalpium and Strobilurus with substrate specificities. Each pair of mushrooms successively colonizes the pinecones of a different pine species: A. orientale-S. luchuensis on Pinus yunnanensis, A. vulgare-S. stephanocystis on Pinus sylvestris, and A. microsporum-S. pachcystidiatus/S. orientalis on Pinus armandii. Our analyses revealed evidence for both competition and cooperation between Auriscalpium and Strobilurus fungi during pinecone decomposition. Their successive colonization of the two fungi groups with complementary profiles of carbohydrate-active enzymes enabled efficient decomposition and utilization of pinecones. The Auriscalpium fungi are highly effective at utilizing the recalcitrant primary organic carbons such as lignin and hemicellulose in freshly fallen pinecones. The decomposition by Auriscalpium fungi enabled the successive colonization by Strobilurus fungi which can produce an arsenal of secondary metabolites such as strobilurins to inhibit other fungi and have abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes for effective utilization of the remaining organic compounds in pinecones.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Su ◽  
Jiayan Shen ◽  
Shuaifeng Li ◽  
Xiaobo Huang ◽  
Wande Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The relative influence of climate change and drought events on tree growth at different altitude and tree ages remains insufficiently understood in the Jinsha River Basin, southwest China, limiting prediction of forest adaptability to high-frequency droughts and climate change. We conducted a dendroecological study to explore and quantify the dominant climate factors that determining radial growth of Pinus yunnanensis trees of different ages and at different altitudes, to evaluate their resilience to drought events. Results Radial growth of P. yunnanensis at high elevations is typically limited by low temperatures, the explanatory rate of temperature factors on growth increased from 23.6–59.7% with altitude. Tree growth at low elevations is more sensitive to moisture factors, the explanatory rate of moisture factors on growth decreased from 76.4–40.3% with altitude. The young and mature trees are more prone to moisture factors than middle-age and near-mature trees, the young and near-mature trees are more prone to temperature factors than middle-age and mature trees. The older trees usually showed less drought resistance and recovery than the young and middle-age trees. The resistance and recovery of P. yunnanensis weakened with the increased frequency of drought events. Tree resistance and resilience was highly dependent on the average pre-drought growth, whereas the recovery showed weak or no significant relationships with average pre-drought growth. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that radial growth of P. yunnanensis trees showed age- and altitude-specific demand for energy and moisture. P. yunnanensis trees at different altitudes and ages are differentially adapted to varying levels of climate stress and display different strategies to withstand the effects of drought with altitude and ages.


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