scholarly journals A note on the effect of food restriction on tissue ascorbic acid in guinea-pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. W. Davies ◽  
R. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Effect Of Food

1. Male, adult guinea-pigs received a scorbutogenic diet and a daily supplement of 1.0 mg ascorbic acid/100 g body-weight.2. Restriction of food intake for a period of 17 d resulted in a 25 % loss in body-weight and a significant reduction in the retention of ascorbic acid by the spleen, liver and adrenal glands.

Olfactory bulbectomy counteracts inhibitory effect of food restriction on reproductive function

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. R1891-R1895
Author(s):  
D. R. Pieper ◽  
C. A. Lobocki ◽  
K. H. Karo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous studies have shown that bilateral removal of the olfactory bulbs (BX) results in a large increase in gonadotropin secretion in golden hamsters. The principal question addressed by the present study was whether BX would offset the inhibitory effect of food restriction on reproductive function. BX or sham (SH) BX male golden hamsters were fed ad libitum or were restricted to only enough food to maintain them at 70% of the body weight of control groups fed ad libitum. The SH-70% group underwent marked testicular regression after approximately 6-8 wk, but the testes size of the BX-70% hamsters decreased only in proportion to the decrease in body weight. The BX food-restricted group had to be fed more food to maintain the same weight as the SH-70% hamsters, and the BX-70% group also had a higher core body temperature, lower percent body fat, and higher serum free thyroxine levels than SH food-restricted animals. In summary, removal of the olfactory bulbs appears to facilitate tonic gonadotropin secretion, such that food restriction is no longer capable of inducing testicular regression. In addition, the olfactory bulbs may have a strong influence on metabolic function in golden hamsters.

Additive effects of lactation and food restriction to increase hypothalamic neuropeptide Y mRNA in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P H Wilding ◽  
M O Ajala ◽  
P D Lambert ◽  
S R Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Food

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most powerful appetite stimulant known, and rates of synthesis and release in the hypothalamus correlate closely with nutritional status. Pregnancy and lactation provide an excellent model of physiological hyperphagia. In this study the authors measured food intake, plasma glucose, insulin and luteinizing hormone (LH) and hypothalamic NPY mRNA in rats during pregnancy and in early and late lactation. The effect of food restriction (to 80% of control) during lactation was also studied. Pregnancy resulted in a modest increase in daily food intake over non-lactating controls (controls: 15·6±0·6 g, pregnant: 19·8±1·1 g, P<0·01) During lactation food intake increased dramatically to 355% of non-lactating levels by the 12th day. Insulin and glucose levels were unchanged in lactation, except in the food-restricted animals, when insulin levels were reduced to 49·5±18·4 pmol/l compared with 215±55 pmol/l (P<0·01) in lactating, non-restricted animals, and glucose was reduced to 3·7±0·2 mmol/l compared with 5·1 ± 0·2 mmol/l in non-restricted lactating animals. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA was unchanged in pregnancy, moderately increased after 5 days lactation (130±6·2% of control, P<0·01) and increased further at 14 days lactation (179 ± 14%, P<0·001). The greatest changes occurred in the animals who were food-deprived during lactation, when hypothalamic NPY mRNA levels reached 324 ± 44% (P<0·001) of non-lactating levels. Increases in hypothalamic NPY synthesis may be partly responsible for the increase in food intake seen in lactation, but unlike in food deprivation, the increase is not related to circulating insulin, suggesting involvement of other regulatory factors. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 365–369

scholarly journals Chronic immunoneutralization of brain angiotensin-(1-12) lowers blood pressure in transgenic (mRen2)27 hypertensive rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. R111-R115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Isa ◽  
Maria Antonia García-Espinosa ◽  
Amy C. Arnold ◽  
Nancy T. Pirro ◽  
Ellen N. Tommasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
The Brain

Angiotensin-(1-12) [ANG-(1-12)] is a newly identified peptide detected in a variety of rat tissues, including the brain. To determine whether brain ANG-(1-12) participates in blood pressure regulation, we treated male adult (mRen2)27 hypertensive rats (24–28 wk of age) with Anti-ANG-(1-12) IgG or Preimmune IgG via an intracerebroventricular cannula for 14 days. Immunoneutralization of brain ANG-(1-12) lowered systolic blood pressure (−43 ± 8 mmHg on day 3 and −26 ± 7 mmHg on day 10 from baseline, P < 0.05). Water intake was lower on intracereroventricular day 6 in the Anti-ANG-(1-12) IgG group, accompanied by higher plasma osmolality on day 13, but there were no differences in urine volume, food intake, or body weight during the 2-wk treatment. In Preimmune IgG-treated animals, there were no significant changes in these variables over the 2-wk period. The antihypertensive effects produced by endogenous neutralization of brain ANG-(1-12) suggest that ANG-(1-12) is functionally active in brain pathways regulating blood pressure.

scholarly journals Vitamin C status, serum cholesterol levels and bile composition in the pregnant guinea-pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

1. Pregnant guinea-pigs receiving a low dose of L-ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/100 g body-weight per d) developed a hypercholesterolaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas no change in serum cholesterol levels was observed in pregnant animals receiving a higher dose of the vitamin (2 mg/100 g body-weight per d).2. Pregnancy in the group of guinea-pigs receiving the higher dose of L-ascorbic acid was associated with an increased biliary secretion of bile acids. No change was observed in the biliary secretion of bile acids in pregnant animals receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid, but these animals secreted significantly more cholesterol.3. Changes in the biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids in the pregnant guinea-pig according to L-ascorbic acid intake were reflected in the composition of the gall-bladder bile. Thus, the gall-bladder bile of guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid contained more cholesterol, while the gall-bladder bile of those animals receiving the higher dose of the vitamin had a higher content of bile acids.4. The increased cholesterol content of the gall-bladder of pregnant guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid resulted in decreased bile acid:cholesterol and phospholipid: cholesterol values, conditions predisposing to cholelithiasis.

Effect of Food Intake on Hypermetabolic Response to Burn Injury in Guinea Pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 1310-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Wolfe ◽  
Michael J. Durkot ◽  
Carolyn C. Clarke ◽  
Hans H. Bode ◽  
John F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Effect Of Food

Chronic food restriction and acute food deprivation decrease mRNA levels of opioid peptides in arcuate nucleus

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. R1019-R1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kim ◽  
C. C. Welch ◽  
M. K. Grace ◽  
C. J. Billington ◽  
A. S. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Pomc Mrna ◽  
Opioid Administration ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Although opioid administration induces food intake, the relationship between endogenous opioid synthesis and food consumption is unclear. Two studies examined the effects of food restriction and deprivation on opioid mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the rat. Body weight significantly decreased following food restriction and deprivation (P < 0.0001). In experiment 1, food restriction of 10,20,30, and 40% (g) of ad libitum intake for 14 days decreased proDynorphin (proDyn), proEnkephalin (proEnk), and proOpiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in a linear fashion relative to changes in body weight (r = 0.398, P = 0.0011; r = 0.455, P = 0.0028; r = 0.292, P = 0.0642, respectively). In experiment 2, 48 h deprivation significantly decreased mRNA levels of proDyn and POMC by 23.7% (P < 0.05) and 45.6% (P < 0.01), respectively, whereas 24 h food deprivation decreased POMC mRNA by 43.% (P < 0.01). proEnk mRNA was not affected by 24- or 48-h food deprivation. Restricting food intake suppressed mRNA levels of proDyn, proEnk, and POMC by 29.7, 22.3, and 44.4%, respectively, in 20% restricted rats and by 35.5, 26.8, and 45.6%, respectively, in 40%restricted rats (P < 0.01). It appears that ARC mRNA levels of proDyn, proEnk, and POMC are directly related to the amount of food consumed and/or changes in body weight in food-restricted and food-deprived rats.

Distribution and variation of neuropeptide Y in the brain of native Thai chicken

2020 ◽  
pp. 175815592096899
Author(s):  
Natagarn Sartsoongnoen ◽  
Boonyarit Kamkrathok ◽  
Taweesak Songserm ◽  
Yupaporn Chaiseha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Nucleus Paraventricularis ◽  
The Brain

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a pivotal role in food intake and body weight regulation in both birds and mammals. Unlike imported broilers and layers, native Thai chicken, a tropical non-seasonal breeding species, has lower body weight and exhibits strongly maternal behaviors which, in turn, affect feeding behavior during the reproductive cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the role(s) of NPY that might be associated with the reproductive cycle of female native Thai chickens using immunohistochemistry technique. The distributions of NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons and fibers in the brain of laying and fasted chickens was also elucidated. Changes in body weight and number of NPY-ir neurons in the nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis (PVN) were compared across reproductive stages. The results revealed that NPY-ir neurons and fibers were distributed throughout the brain with the greatest density located in the PVN. Differences in the number of NPY-ir neurons in the PVN were found across reproductive stages. The numbers were lowest in non-egg laying and egg laying stages and significantly higher during egg-incubating and chick-rearing stages. Changes in body weight were inversely related to the number of NPY-ir neurons across reproductive stages. In addition, food restriction caused an increase in NPY immunoreactivity, confirming the role of NPY in response to food restriction. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the NPYergic system in the PVN plays an important role in the regulation of food intake during the reproductive cycle in this non-seasonal breeding tropical species.

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