Daily rhythmicity in the body weight of Spotted munia(Lonchura punctulata):Effect of food intake and light/dark cycles

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhatt ◽  
Asha Chandola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Rhythmicity ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Lonchura Punctulata

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

scholarly journals Influence of xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, topiroxostat, on body weight of diabetic obese mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Mai Nampei ◽  
Takayo Murase ◽  
Etsuko Satoh ◽  
Seigo Akari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Xanthine Oxidoreductase ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitor ◽  
Single Regression ◽  
Muscle Triglyceride

AbstractPlasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity is high in metabolic disorders such as diabetic mellitus, obesity, or overweight. Thus, this study investigated whether the XOR inhibitor, topiroxostat, affected body weight. Male db/db mice were fed standard diets with or without topiroxostat for 4 weeks. Body weight and food intake were constantly monitored, along with monitoring plasma biochemical markers, including insulin and XOR activity. Additionally, hepatic hypoxanthine and XOR activity were also documented. Single regression analysis was performed to determine the mechanism. Topiroxostat treatment suppressed weight gain relative to the vehicle without any impact on food intake. However, the weight of fat pads and hepatic and muscle triglyceride content did not change. Topiroxostat decreased the plasma uric acid and increased hepatic hypoxanthine in response to the inhibition of XOR activity. Plasma ketone body and free fatty acid were also increased. Moreover, fat weight was weakly associated with plasma XOR activity in the diabetic state and was negatively associated with ketone body by topiroxostat. These results suggested that topiroxostat amplified the burning of lipids and the salvage pathway, resulting in predisposing the body toward catabolism. The inhibition of plasma XOR activity may contribute to weight loss.

Effect of Changes in Ambient Temperature on Spontaneous Activity, Food Intake and Body Weight of Goldthioglucose-Obese and Nonobese Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
N. B. Marshall ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Body Weights

Goldthioglucose-obese mice cannot adjust their food intake to meet the increased energy requirements due to cold. At all ambient temperatures above 15°C the spontaneous running activity of these animals is less than that observed for nonobese controls. Activity of obese mice is maximal at 19°C and minimal at 15°C or lower. Body weights decrease during exposure to cold. In contrast to that of obese mice, running activity of nonobese controls is maximal at an ambient temperature of 25°C but nearly ceases at 15°C or lower. The food intake of these animals increases in the cold and remains elevated even at temperatures at which activity decreases. The body weight of nonobese controls is either maintained constant or increases during exposure to cold air.

scholarly journals The effect of artificial sweeteners on body weight of mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyad Ali ◽  
Naser Shraim ◽  
Wafaa’ Atrash ◽  
Aisha Sirafi ◽  
Huda Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes

Artificial Sweeteners (AS) are synthetic sugar substitutes that have sweetening potency hundreds of times more than the table sugar (sucrose). Artificial sweeteners are regarded as attractive alternatives to sugar as they add no calories to food intake. There are many hypotheses suggesting that AS may enhance appetite and cause weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AS on food intake, fluid intake and body weight of mice. Acceptable daily intakes of AS solutions were administered orally to different set of mice for four weeks. The body weight, food consumption and fluid intake were measured. At the same time, the effect of Zingiber officinale extracts (natural appetite suppressor), Thymus vulgaris extracts (natural appetite inducer) and cyproheptadine (an appetite stimulant drug) on body weight of mice was evaluated. Artificial sweeteners consumption cause insignificant changes in body weight (p>0.05). However, the mean consumption of food and solutions varies significantly for some groups. The consumption of AS has no significant effect on body weight and may contribute to weight maintenance and energy balance as substitutes to high caloric sugar

scholarly journals Establishment of an Experimental Breast Cancer ZHENG Model and Curative Effect Evaluation of Zuo-Jin Wan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Du ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xiu-Feng Wang ◽  
Yi-Yu Lu ◽  
Qian-Mei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Evaluation ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Mouse Breast Cancer ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Tcm Syndrome

Herbal formulas based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (ZHENG) have been used as alternative treatments for breast cancer. However, there is a lack of the experimental animal ZHENG model for the evaluation of the herbal formulas. In this study, we have established 4T1 mouse breast cancer with Liver Fire Invading Stomach Syndrome model (4T1 LFISS mice) and investigated the effects of the herbal formula, Zuo-Jin Wan (ZJW). Our results showed that 4T1 LFISS mice have the features of LFISS including irritability, loss of appetite, yellow urine, chow, and a tail hot. Compared to untreated 4T1 LFISS mice, ZJW significantly reduced tumor weight and volume (P<0.05), although it was weaker than Cisplatin. However, ZJW significantly increased the body weight and food intake of 4T1 LFISS mice and decreased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels and ZHENG score (P<0.05), while Cisplatin reduced the food intake, and body weight and increased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels in 4T1 LFISS mice. Our study has provided a mouse breast cancer ZHENG model and showed that ZJW suppresses tumor growth and improves LFISS and kidney and liver functions in the 4T1 LFISS mice.

Effects of Low Levels of the Nutrient Content of a Food and of Nutrient Imbalance on the Feeding and the Nutrition of a Phytophagous Larva, Celerio euphorbiae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractThe present work demonstrates how important food quality is to an insect. When the dietary inadequacy in an artificial food was dilution of its nutrient content to 85, 70 and 50%, respectively, fifth-instar Celerio euphorbiae (Linnaeus) ate progressively more food but they gained no more body weight on one diet than on another. The rate of food intake depended on nutrient concentration. On all nutrient levels the larvae were about 20% efficient in converting the foodstuff into body material and the body content of protein did not differ significantly.When the dietary inadequacy was immoderate proportions of several nutrients, the effects were not so clearly marked; nevertheless, the rate of food intake of the larvae could explain their body weight. The tendency seemed to be for the larvae to eat less and to gain less weight on the imbalanced diet than on an adequate diet. Moreover, conversion of foodstuff into body material did not seem as efficient on the imbalanced diet as on the control.The ecological significance of food quality suggested by the first example is that the destructiveness of phytophagous insects, for example, may depend in part on the degree of succulence and corresponding nutrient concentration of food plant tissues; and by the second example, that perhaps nutritional imbalances may play a part in controlling the potential destructiveness of insect populations.

scholarly journals The Effects of Triacylglycerol Structures on the Food Intake and Body Weight of Mice in a High-Fat Diet Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1216-1216
Author(s):  
Xinge Hu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Objectives The dietary fat content plays an important role in the regulation of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested the impacts of triacylglycerol structure on the body weight gain and food intake of mice in a high-fat diet (HFD) setting. Methods Male C57/BL6J mice at 6 weeks old were fed one of the following three diets for 6 weeks, Teklad Rodent Diet chow diet (number 8640), the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (PPO), or the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP). Each group contained 9 mice, and their food intake and BW were measured daily. The mice were euthanized after 6 weeks (12 weeks old) for tissue sample collection. Results Both high HFD groups had significantly higher BW gain and caloric intakes than the chow diet group. Mice fed the POP diet had a lower percentage of BW gain and consumed less accumulated calories than those fed the PPO diet, as well as a significantly lower liver to BW ratio. Since week 4, the body BW rate of the POP group started to be lower than that of the PPO diet group. Conclusions TAG structures in an HFD setting affect the BW gain rate and obesity in mice. The different structures of fat added to affect the food intake and BW gain differently in an HFD setting. In the future, we would like to compare the changes of the hepatic lipogenesis enzyme in these mice. This will help us to understand how the triacylglycerol structures in the diet affect lipid metabolism in mice. Funding Sources Internal.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture at ST36 Improve the Gastric Motility by Affecting Neurotransmitters in the Enteric Nervous System in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xu Han ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Meirong Gong ◽  
Mengjiang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antral Motility ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Electroacupuncture (EA) can effectively relieve hyperglycemia and gastric emptying disorders in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). However, the effect of EA on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) gastroparesis and its mechanism in the enteric nervous system (ENS) are rarely studied. We investigated the therapeutic effect of EA at ST36 and its effect on the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the ENS in DGP rats. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks and injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at 35 mg/kg to induce T2DM. T2DM rats were divided into the diabetic mellitus (DM) group and the EA group. The control (CON) group comprised normal rats without any intervention. EA treatment was started 6 weeks after the induction of DM and continued for 5 weeks. The body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded every week. Blood glucose, insulin, glucose tolerance, gastric emptying, and antral motility were measured after treatment. The expression of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in gastric antrum were quantified by western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The T2DM gastroparesis model was successfully established. EA treatment reduced the body weight, food intake, and blood glucose; improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance; increased the gastric emptying rate, the mean antral pressure, and the amplitude of antral motility; and decreased the frequency of antral motility compared with those in the DM group. EA treatment increased the expression level of nNOS, ChAT, and PGP9.5 proteins, and nNOS and ChAT mRNA. The results suggested that EA at ST36 could ameliorate DGP, partly restore the damage to general neurons, and increase nNOS and ChAT in the gastric antrum. EA improved DGP partly via reducing the loss of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the ENS.

Music Therapy with People Who Have Eating Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Loth
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
And Control

This chapter gives an overview of approaches, theoretical ideas, and techniques which music therapists have developed to work with adults and older teenagers who have eating disorders. Eating disorders are complex psychological disorders; the restriction of food intake and control of body weight serve to meet a psychological or emotional need. Music therapy can help people to explore and understand the psychological issues that may have led them to using eating as a way of controlling their feelings and emotions. Methods such as free and structured improvisation, songwriting and listening to pre-composed music can be used to help clients to address specific aspects of eating disorder pathology, such as being able to recognise and tolerate their feelings, connect with others, and make links between thoughts, feelings, and the body. Music therapy can have a significant role within the overall treatment of a person with an eating disorder.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation (Kemite) on Cafeteria Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GNANGORAN Boua Narcisse ◽  
Traoré Moussa ◽  
YAPO Angoué Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Fat Pad

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. This pathology is a real public health problem. The work was undertaken to evaluate the antiobesity efficacy of aqueous extract of Kemite in cafeteria diet induced obese Wistar rats for a period of 28 days. Aqueous extract of Kemite (AEK) was prepared by hot extraction method. Female Wistar rats weighing 124-170 g were divided into different groups i.e. Normal control, cafeteria control and aqueous extract of Kemite at dose of 200 mg/kg bw. The antiobesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, food intake, serum triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), blood glucose (BG), ASAT and ALAT activities, atherogenic index, coronary risk index and liver and fat pad weights. Results showed Cafeteria diet fed rats for 28 successive days significantly increased the body weight, food intake, ASAT and ALAT activities, liver and fat pad weights, atherogenic index, coronary risk index TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, BG and not influenced HDL levels. Rats treated with extract for 28 successive days along with cafeteria diet reversed the effects induced by cafeteria diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that AEK may be a natural and safe remedy for the prevention and control of obesity.

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