scholarly journals Effects of meal consumption on whole body leucine and alanine kinetics in young adult men

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hoffer ◽  
Russell D. Yang ◽  
Dwight E. Matthews ◽  
Bruce R. Bistrian ◽  
Dennis M. Bier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Alanine Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Leucine ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Plasma Compartment ◽  
Meal Consumption

1. The effects of meal consumption on plasma leucine and alanine kinetics were studied using a simultaneous, primed, continuous infusion of L-[I-13C]leucine and L-[3,3,3-2H3]alanine in four healthy, young, adult male subjects. The study included an evaluation of the effect of sampling site on plasma amino acid kinetics, with blood being drawn simultaneously from an antecubital and dorsal heated hand vein.2. In comparison with the postabsorptive state, the ingestion of small hourly meals resulted in a 35% increase in plasma leucine flux and a 77% increase in leucine oxidation. Calculated entry of leucine into the plasma compartment from endogenous sources decreased by 65%. Plasma alanine flux more than doubled, indicating a significant enhancement in de now alanine synthesis. 13C enrichment of leucine in venous and arterialized plasma did not differ significantly, but alanine flux calculated from isotopic measurement in venous plasma was substantially greater than that based on analysis of arterialized blood plasma.

Plasma amino acid kinetics during acute states of glucagon deficiency and excess in healthy adults

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. E78-E85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Couet ◽  
N. K. Fukagawa ◽  
D. E. Matthews ◽  
D. M. Bier ◽  
V. R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Alanine Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Hormone ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Plasma Leucine

The effects of glucagon deficiency and excess on plasma leucine, lysine, and alanine were examined in six healthy young adult men, with primed continuous infusions of L-[1-13C]- or L-[5,5,5-2H3]leucine, L-[alpha-15N]-lysine, and L-[3-13C]alanine for 150 min before and during 210 min of either a glucagon-deficient euglycemic state (experiment 1), a basal glucagon state (experiment 2), or a glucagon-excess state (experiment 3). Steady-state plasma hormone levels were achieved by infusion of somatostatin (250 micrograms/h) and insulin (0.07 mU.kg-1.min-1), without (experiment 1) or with an infusion of glucagon at 0.7 ng.kg-1.min-1 (experiment 2) or 2.5 ng.kg-1.min-1 (experiment 3). Plasma branched-chain amino acid (AA) concentrations did not change with altered glucagon status, whereas significant differences were observed for plasma lysine, alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, proline, tyrosine, citrulline, and ornithine levels (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.001). Plasma leucine, lysine, and alanine fluxes and the rate of de novo alanine synthesis showed no significant changes with either glucagon deficiency or excess. These findings lead to the conclusion that glucagon-induced alterations in plasma AA profiles are not due to changes in the rate of appearance of AA from peripheral tissues but rather a consequence of changes in the fate of AA within the splanchnic region.

scholarly journals Ethnicity, Smoking and Body Composition Influence Testosterone and Estradiol Levels in Healthy Young Adult Men in Malaysia: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Yong Chin ◽  
Ima Nirwana Soelaiman ◽  
Isa Naina Mohamed ◽  
Hanapi Johari ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Estradiol Levels

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Markers in Healthy Young Adult Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Yagura ◽  
Noboru Takamura ◽  
Yoshinobu Goto ◽  
Hajime Sugihara ◽  
Takeshi Sota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Adult Men

Glutamine and glutamate kinetics in humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. E117-E126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Darmaun ◽  
D. E. Matthews ◽  
D. M. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

To study glutamate and glutamine kinetics, 4-h unprimed intravenous infusions of L-[15N]glutamate, L-[2-15N]glutamine, and L-[5-15N]-glutamine were administered to healthy young adult male subjects in the postabsorptive state. Arterialized-venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for glutamate and glutamine 15N enrichments. The fractional turnover rates of the tracer-miscible glutamate and glutamine pools were fast, 8.0 and 2.8% min-1, respectively. The glutamate tracer-miscible pool accounted for less than one-tenth the estimated free glutamate pool in the body. The plasma glutamate amino N, glutamine amino N and glutamine amide N rates of appearance were 83 +/- 22 (means +/- SD), 348 +/- 33, and 283 +/- 31 mumol X kg-1 X h-1, respectively. The glutamine amide N appearance rate was 20% slower than the amino N appearance rate, indicating that glutamine transaminase is an active pathway in human glutamine metabolism. From measurement of transfer of tracer 15N, we found that only 5% of the glutamine synthesized in cells and released into plasma was derived from intracellular glutamate that had mixed with plasma. These data demonstrate that intravenously administered tracers of glutamate or glutamine do not mix thoroughly with the intracellular pools, and their measured kinetics reflect transport rates through plasma rather than whole-body fluxes.

Resting cardiac energy metabolism is inversely associated with heart rate in healthy young adult men

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Fragasso ◽  
Francesco De Cobelli ◽  
Roberto Spoladore ◽  
Antonio Esposito ◽  
Anna Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Cardiac Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Energy

Comparison of scapular upward rotator muscle activities and activity ratios during three scapular upward rotator strengthening exercises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jun-Hee Kim ◽  
Oh-Yun Kwon ◽  
Ui-Jae Hwang ◽  
Sung-Hoon Jung ◽  
Sun-Hee Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Lower Trapezius

BACKGROUND: The focus of exercises for restoring the imbalance between scapular upward rotator muscles – upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), and lower trapezius (LT) – commonly aims to increase SA and LT activities while not increasing UT activity. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the activity of the UT, SA, and LT muscles during scapation and protraction exercises, which are two traditional exercises, and during a newly designed scapular upward rotation (SUR) exercise. METHODS: A total of 29 healthy young adult men performed all three exercises with maximum isometric contraction. The electromyographic activities of the UT, SA, and LT were recorded. RESULTS: UT demonstrated the highest activity during scapation. SA activity was the lowest during protraction. However, no difference was found in SA activity during the performance of scapation and SUR. The SA/UT ratio was the highest during scapation. CONCLUSIONS: SUR is a new exercise that can be performed at moderate intensity for shoulder rehabilitation to restore scapular upward rotator muscle imbalance.

Urea cycle intermediate kinetics and nitrate excretion at normal and "therapeutic" intakes of arginine in humans

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. E884-E896 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beaumier ◽  
L. Castillo ◽  
A. M. Ajami ◽  
V. R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Leucine Kinetics ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

We investigated the effects of a high dietary supplement of arginine on plasma arginine, ornithine, and leucine kinetics and on urea production and excretion in five healthy young adult men. Subjects received either 56 or 561 mg arginine.kg-1.day-1 for 6 days via a complete L-amino acid diet, and on day 7 a tracer protocol (first 3 h fasted; next 5 h fed) was conducted, involving primed constant intragastric infusions of L-[15N2-guanidino,5,5-2H2]arginine, L-[5-13C]ornithine, L-[5,5,5-2H3]leucine, and [15N2]urea, with a prime of H13CO3. Plasma arginine and ornithine fluxes increased significantly (P < 0.05) with arginine supplementation, as did the rate of conversion of plasma labeled arginine to ornithine (P < 0.05) and rate of ornithine oxidation (P < 0.001). However, absolute changes in ornithine kinetics were less than those for arginine or those based on changes expected from the change in arginine intake, implying a complex compartmentation in both whole body arginine and ornithine metabolism. The plasma NO3 concentration, daily output of total NO3, and conversion of [15N]arginine to NO3 did not differ between the diets. Urea production and excretion were reduced significantly with arginine supplementation, suggesting an anabolic effect on the whole body nitrogen economy, possibly via the raised plasma insulin levels (P = 0.013) during the prandial phase.

Dietary arginine uptake by the splanchnic region in adult humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. E532-E539 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Castillo ◽  
T. E. Chapman ◽  
Y. M. Yu ◽  
A. Ajami ◽  
J. F. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Infusion Protocol

To determine the uptake of dietary arginine and leucine by the splanchnic region, two experiments were carried out, each involving four healthy young adult men who received a diet supplying 1 g protein.kg-1.day-1 for 7 and 10 days before conducting a primed constant tracer infusion protocol. In study 1, subjects received for 8 h (3-h fast; 5-h fed state, achieved by a constant intragastric infusion of the diet formula) L-[5,5-2H2; guanidino-15N2]arginine ([M4]Arg), L-[guanidino-13C]arginine ([13C]Arg), and L-[5,5,5-2H3]leucine ([2H3]Leu) simultaneously by an intragastric infusion on day 7 and a repeat of this protocol on day 10 except with tracer administration given by vein. Plasma arginine fluxes were essentially the same for the two arginine tracers but differed significantly with route of administration. In study 2 the subjects received on day 7 a constant intravenous infusion of [13C]Arg and [2H3]Leu and a simultaneous intragastric infusion of [M4]Arg and [1-13C]leucine. On day 10 the routes of administration of these tracer pairs were reversed. During the fed state in study 1, splanchnic uptake of dietary arginine was 31 +/- 10 and 34 +/- 8%, based on the [13C]Arg and [M4]Arg tracers, respectively, and it was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than for leucine, which was 10 +/- 6%. In study 2, splanchnic uptake of dietary arginine, estimated from a series of tracer-protocol combinations for the fed state, was approximately 38% compared with a lower (P < 0.01) value of approximately 15% for leucine.

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