scholarly journals Gastrointestinal responses to oats consumption in young adult and elderly rats: digestion, large bowel fermentation and crypt cell proliferation rates

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Mathers ◽  
Julia Kennard ◽  
O. F. W. James
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Crypt Cell ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation

The present experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that ageing modifies the gastrointestinal responses to a change in diet composition. Rats of the Wag/Rij strain, either young adult (4 months of age) or elderly (27 months of age), were given a basal semi-purified diet or a diet of similar major nutrient composition containing 500 g oatmeal/kg for 17–18 d. Elderly rats digested the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of both diets less well than did their young adult counterparts, with more of this digestion occurring in the distal intestine. The greater flow of OM to the caecum of oats-fed animals was accompanied by significant reductions in caecal pH and increases in caecal total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration which appeared to be independent of age. However, young adults responded to feeding on oats by showing a much larger increase in the molar proportion of butyrate (332%) than did elderly animals (79%). Elderly rats had longer duodenal villi than did young adults but effects of age or diet were not detectable at other sites. With both age-groups oats consumption was associated with significant stimulation of crypt cell proliferation rate (CCPR) in the small intestine and caecum, but for the colon there was a significant reduction in CCPR with oats feeding. A reduced ability of the aged large bowel (LB) to produce butyrate may contribute to the prevelance of LB disorders in the elderly.

Reduction of mucosal crypt cell proliferation in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps by dietary calcium supplementation

1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Barsoum ◽  
C. Hendrickse ◽  
M. C. Winslet ◽  
D. Youngs ◽  
I. A. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Crypt Cell ◽  
Adenomatous Polyps ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation

scholarly journals Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Activates β-Catenin Signaling in the Mouse Intestinal Crypt: Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Dubé ◽  
Katherine J. Rowland ◽  
Patricia L. Brubaker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Crypt Cell ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Crypt Cells

Chronic administration of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) induces intestinal growth and crypt cell proliferation through an indirect mechanism requiring IGF-I. However, the intracellular pathways through which IGF-I mediates GLP-2-induced epithelial tropic signaling remain undefined. Because β-catenin and Akt are important regulators of crypt cell proliferation, we hypothesized that GLP-2 activates these signaling pathways through an IGF-I-dependent mechanism. In this study, fasted mice were administered Gly2-GLP-2 or LR3-IGF-I (positive control) for 0.5–4 h. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin in non-Paneth crypt cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry and expression of its downstream proliferative markers, c-myc and Sox9, by quantitative RT-PCR. Akt phosphorylation and activation of its targets, glycogen synthase kinase-3β and caspase-3, were determined by Western blot. IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF-I signaling were blocked by preadministration of NVP-AEW541 and through the use of IGF-I knockout mice, respectively. We found that GLP-2 increased β-catenin nuclear translocation in non-Paneth crypt cells by 72 ± 17% (P < 0.05) and increased mucosal c-myc and Sox9 mRNA expression by 90 ± 20 and 376 ± 170%, respectively (P < 0.05–0.01), with similar results observed with IGF-I. This effect of GLP-2 was prevented by blocking the IGF-IR as well as ablation of IGF-I signaling. GLP-2 also produced a time- and dose-dependent activation of Akt in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.01), most notably in the epithelium. This action was reduced by IGF-IR inhibition but not IGF-I knockout. We concluded that acute administration of GLP-2 activates β-catenin and proliferative signaling in non-Paneth murine intestinal crypt cells as well as Akt signaling in the mucosa. However, IGF-I is required only for the GLP-2-induced alterations in β-catenin.

Vitamin A deficiency inhibits intestinal adaptation by modulating apoptosis, proliferation, and enterocyte migration

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. G424-G432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Swartz-Basile ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Yuzhu Tang ◽  
Henry A. Pitt ◽  
Deborah C. Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Crypt Cell ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

In a prior study, vitamin A-deficient rats subjected to submassive small bowel resections did not mount a normal intestinal adaptive response by 10 days postoperatively, although adaptive increases in crypt cell proliferation were not attenuated and there were no differences in apoptotic indexes. The present study was designed to address the mechanisms by which vitamin A status effects adaptation by analyzing proliferation, apoptosis, and enterocyte migration in the early postoperative period (16 and 48 h) in vitamin A-sufficient, -deficient, and partially replenished sham-resected and resected rats. At 16 h postresection, apoptosis was significantly greater in the remnant ileum of resected vitamin A-deficient rats compared with the sufficient controls. Crypt cell proliferation was increased by resection in all dietary groups at both timepoints. However, at 48 h postresection, proliferation was significantly decreased in the vitamin A-deficient and partially replenished rats. By 48 h after resection, vitamin A deficiency also reduced enterocyte migration rates by 44%. This occurred in conjunction with decreased immunoreactive collagen IV at 48 h and 10 days postoperation. Laminin expression was also reduced by deficiency at 10 days postresection, whereas fibronectin and pancadherin were unchanged at 48 h and 10 days. These studies indicate that vitamin A deficiency inhibits intestinal adaptation following partial small bowel resection by reducing crypt cell proliferation, by enhancing early crypt cell apoptosis, and by markedly reducing enterocyte migration rates, which may be related to changes in the expression of collagen IV and other extracellular matrix components.

scholarly journals Pathological Features of Corneal Phospholipidosis in Juvenile White Rabbits Induced by Ocular Instillation of Chloroquine or Amiodarone

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Yamagiwa ◽  
Yoshihiro Takei ◽  
Haruko Koizumi ◽  
Shingo Nemoto ◽  
Masaaki Kurata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs ◽  
Amphiphilic Drugs

Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) can induce phospholipidosis (PLD) in organs/tissues. Several ophthalmic pharmaceuticals containing CADs are marketed and used in children. To investigate the effect of PLD on the developing cornea, chloroquine and amiodarone, which are representative CADs, were applied topically to the eyes of juvenile rabbits, and the effects in juvenile rabbits were compared with those in young adult rabbits. Diffuse corneal cloudiness was observed in chloroquine- and amiodarone-treated eyes. Histopathologically, vacuolation was observed in the corneal epithelium and keratocytes. On ultrastructural examination, these vacuoles contained multilamellar inclusion bodies, which are a characteristic of PLD. The size of the vacuoles in the corneal epithelium was reduced in juveniles compared with young adults. Cytoplasmic lamellar bodies and exocytosis in the corneal endothelium were observed in young adult rabbits but not in juvenile rabbits. This study revealed that topical application of chloroquine or amiodarone induces corneal PLD in juvenile and young adult rabbits. Corneal endothelial changes occurred only in young adult rabbits, but ophthalmological changes were similar between juveniles and young adults. The results of the study suggest that the effects of corneal PLD were similar among age groups based on risk assessment.

scholarly journals Evaluating Opioid Dispensing Rates among Pediatrics and Young Adults based on CURES Data Reporting in California from 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Michael Phan ◽  
Courtney Wong ◽  
Daniel Tomaszewski ◽  
Zeev Kain ◽  
Brooke Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Utilization Review ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Prescription Rates

Background Receipt of opioid prescriptions in pediatric and young adult patients may be a risk factor for future opioid misuse. Data from prescription drug monitoring programs provide insight on outpatient opioid use. In our study, we analyzed the opioid dispensing rates for pediatrics and young adults in California. Methods A secondary analysis was performed from 2015-2019 using Controlled Utilization Review and Evaluation System data. This database provides dispensing data of controlled substances in California. Patients younger than 25 years who were prescribed opiates were analyzed by county. We further divided them into two groups (children: ≤14 years; adolescents and young adult: 15-24 years). Descriptive statistics and heat maps were used to illustrate the trends in opioid usage among different age groups. Results The overall percentages for the number of opioids being dispensed to patients aged <25 years have decreased over the past four years. In 2015, 6 out of 58 counties in California were considered “high-rate” with >2.9% of opioids dispensed to patients younger than 25 years old; in 2019, this number reduced to zero. Patients 25 and older received a higher proportion of opioids compared to younger populations; in 2019, 35.91% of opioids were dispensed to patients 45-64, and 8.92% to patients younger than 25. Conclusion Pediatric opioid prescriptions have declined over the recent years. However, a high degree of variability of prescription rates between demographic counties was noted. More studies are warranted in order to understand this discrepancy in opioid prescribing among pediatric and young adult patients.

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