Fate of fructo-oligosaccharides in the human intestine

There is a need for studies on colonic fermentation in order to learn more abouthealth and diseases of the colon. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fate of twodifferent doses of fructo-oligosaccharides (5 and 15 g/d) v. glucose in the intestine of healthy men. Twenty-four volunteers participated in a 5-weekstudy. The study was a completely balanced multiple crossover trial using an orthogonal Latin-square design for three periods, with supplement periods of 7 d and two 7 d wash-out periods. Breath samples and faecal samples were collected. There was a clear gaseous response to the consumption of fructo-oligosaccharides. The highest dose significantly increased 24 h integratedexcretion of breath H2 (P < 0·05). Breath H2 excretion after ingestion of 5 g fructo-oligosaccharides was higher than control, but did not reach significance. No effects on the total concentration of short-chain fatty acids in faeces were observed, no modification of the molar proportions of the various short-chain fatty acids was observed. The faecal pH did not change. No changes in faecal weight were observed. No fructo-oligosaccharides were recovered in faeces. We conclude that fructo-oligosaccharides added to the diet of young Western subjects are fully metabolized in the large intestine. The level of fermentation seems to be dose-dependent.

Download Full-text

Nutritional parameters of steers receiving different levels of sunflower crushed in partial replacement of soybean meal

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201393212 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 1513-1522 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HELLEN L. LIMA ◽

RAFAEL H.T.B. DE GOES ◽

SARA L.N. CERILO ◽

EUCLIDES R. DE OLIVEIRA ◽

MARIA G.M. GRESSLER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Latin Square ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Nutritional Parameters ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT To evaluate of the sunflower crushed in nutritional parameters in steers, supplemented at pasture, we used four steers in 4×4 Latin square design. The supplements were provided in 6 g/kg of body weight/animal/day, consisting of sunflower crushed, corn, soybean meal and mineral. All the supplements was isonitrogenous and soybean meal was replaced in 0, 20, 40, and 60% for sunflower crushed. The determination of ruminal pH and ammonia was at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. after feeding and for short-chain fatty acids it was collected at 0 and 6 h. post-feeding. The dry matter intake was not affected (P>0.05) by inclusion of sunflower crushed (mean=6.59 kg/day). There was no significant effect (P>0.05) for pH for the inclusion of sunflower crushed (mean=6.41). For contents of ruminal NH3-N was a significant effect (P <0.05) only for collection time, and ammonia peaks occurred between 2 and 4 h after feeding, with values of 22.56 and 21.40 mg/dL. The total concentration of short chain fatty acids and the C2:C3 ratio was reduced in 9.6 and 15.43%. The ruminal degradability of NDF was not affected by the supplements. The supplementation with sunflower crushed to beef steers grazing, in partial replacement of soybean meal did not alter nutrition parameters.

Download Full-text

Colonic Fermentation of Ispaghula, Wheat Bran, Glucose, and Albumin to Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Ammonia Evaluated in Vitro in 50 Subjects

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ◽

10.1177/0148607192016005433 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 433-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Per Brøbech Mortensen ◽

Mette Rye Clausen ◽

Helen Bonnén ◽

Hanne Hove ◽

Klavs Holtug

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Colonic Fermentation ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

P871 Successful detection of dysbiosis and altered short-chain-fatty acids levels in in vitro colonic microbiota culture system using faecal samples of ulcerative colitis

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx180.998 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (supplement_1) ◽

pp. S557-S558

Author(s):

J Inoue ◽

K Sasaki ◽

N Hoshi ◽

D Sasaki ◽

A Kondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Culture System ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Colonic Microbiota ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Probiotic supplementation influences faecal short chain fatty acids in infants at high risk for eczema

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2015.0056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 783-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

H.K. Kim ◽

N.B.M.M. Rutten ◽

I. Besseling-van der Vaart ◽

L.E.M. Niers ◽

Y.H. Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Potential Role ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Short Chain ◽

Probiotic Supplementation ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The composition of the gut microbiota plays a role in the development of allergies. Based on the immunomodulating capacities of bacteria, various studies have investigated the potential role for probiotics in the prevention of childhood eczema. In a previous study we have shown that significantly less children developed eczema after probiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis W52 and Lactococcus lactis W58, Ecologic®Panda) at three months of age as compared to controls. Here, metabolites in faecal samples of these 3-month old children were measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate possible gut metabolic alterations. Lower amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), succinate, phenylalanine and alanine were found in faecal samples of children later developing eczema, whereas the amounts of glucose, galactose, lactate and lactose were higher compared to the children not developing eczema. Although these differences were already present at the age of 3 months, eczema did not develop in the majority of children before the age of 1 year. Supplementation of multispecies probiotics seems to induce higher levels of lactate and SCFAs, and lower levels of lactose and succinate when compared with the placebo group. This might explain the temporary preventive effect of probiotics on the development of eczema. These results highlight the role bacterial metabolites may play in development of the immune system, even before clinical manifestations of allergic disease arise.

Download Full-text

Colonic fermentation to short-chain fatty acids is decreased in antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/0016-5085(91)90384-w ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 1497-1504 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Mette Rye Clausen ◽

Helen Bonnén ◽

Michael Tvede ◽

Per Brøbech Mortensen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Colonic Fermentation ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Short-chain fatty acids accompanying changes in the gut microbiome contribute to the development of hypertension in patients with preeclampsia

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20191253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (2) ◽

pp. 289-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yanling Chang ◽

Yunyan Chen ◽

Qiong Zhou ◽

Chuan Wang ◽

Lei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

G Protein Coupled ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is regarded as a pregnancy-associated hypertension disorder that is related to excessive inflammatory responses. Although the gut microbiota (GM) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been related to hypertension, their effects on PE remain unknown. We determined the GM abundance and faecal SCFA levels by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively, using faecal samples from 27 patients with severe PE and 36 healthy, pregnant control subjects. We found that patients with PE had significantly decreased GM diversity and altered GM abundance. At the phylum level, patients with PE exhibited decreased abundance of Firmicutes albeit increased abundance of Proteobacteria; at the genus level, patients with PE had lower abundance of Blautia, Eubacterium_rectale, Eubacterium_hallii, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Alistipes, and Subdoligranulum, albeit higher abundance of Enterobacter and Escherichia_Shigella. The faecal levels of butyric and valeric acids were significantly decreased in patients with PE and significantly correlated with the above-mentioned differential GM abundance. We predicted significantly increased abundance of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-synthesis pathway and significantly decreased abundance of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway in patients with PE, based on phylogenetic reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt). Finally, we evaluated the effects of oral butyrate on LPS-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. We found that butyrate significantly reduced the blood pressure (BP) in these rats. In summary, we provide the first evidence linking GM dysbiosis and reduced faecal SCFA to PE and demonstrate that butyrate can directly regulate BP in vivo, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for PE.

Download Full-text

A toolbox for the comprehensive analysis of small volume human intestinal samples that can be used with gastrointestinal sampling capsules

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86980-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melany Rios-Morales ◽

Mara P. H. van Trijp ◽

Christiane Rösch ◽

Ran An ◽

Theo Boer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Volume ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Fibre Degradation ◽

Inner World ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractDetailed knowledge on the fate of dietary components inside the human intestinal tract is lacking. Access to this inner world of digestion is now possible through novel human gastrointestinal sampling capsules. Due to the novelty of such devices, no methodology has been published to stabilise and analyse the resulting samples. A complicating factor is that excretion of such capsules in faeces may take days, while degradation of the dietary components continues. Therefore a stabilising reagent should be pre-loaded in the capsule to ensure the measurement of a representative sample. Considering the small volume of recovered samples, analytical methods must be optimized to collect as many data as possible from little material. We present a complete workflow for stabilising and analysing the fermentation status of dietary fibres in such samples, including microbiota, fibre degradation, and short chain fatty acids. The final quenching reagent was designed based on safety and effectiveness to inhibit fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides degradation and short chain fatty acids production by human ileostomy microbiota, and subsequently validated in faecal samples. The final composition of the stock quenching reagent is 175 mM Tris, 525 mM NaCl, 35 mM EDTA, 12% SDS, and 8 M urea at pH 8.5.

Download Full-text