Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and subsequent carcass quality in broiler chickens

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) on growth performance, carcass composition, fatty acid composition of adipose and muscle tissues, and serum lipoproteins was investigated in broiler chickens. A total of 160 (eighty male and eighty female) chickens were allocated to four dietary treatments (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % CLA) and fed a standard starter diet from 8 to 21 d, and a grower-finisher diet from 22–42 d. When determined for the total period 8–42 d, feed intake and body weight gains of broiler chickens were significantly reduced (from 3.31 to 3.12 kg and from 1615 to 1435 g respectively; P<0.05), particularly at the 1.5 % dietary CLA level. Feed conversion efficiency and carcass yield values showed no significant effects of dietary CLA. Abdominal fat deposition was significantly reduced (from 2.68 to 1.78 %; P<0.05), the relative proportion of breast muscles was unaffected, and that of leg muscles significantly increased (from 19.0 to 20.6 %; P<0.05). The concentration of CLA isomers (% of total methyl esters of fatty acids) increased linearly in tissue samples from broilers fed 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % dietary CLA. The relative proportions of saturated fatty acids (16:0, 18:0) were significantly (P<0.01) increased, and those of monounsaturated (16:1, 18:1) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2, 20:4 in muscle tissues) significantly (P<0.05) reduced. Total serum cholesterol concentrations reached a maximum in broilers fed 1.0 % CLA and then decreased slightly (from 141.73 to 136.47 mg/dl; P<0.01). The same was true also for HDL-cholesterol (from 113.58 to 109.97 mg/dl; P<0.01). The HDL cholesterol:total cholesterol ratio and serum triacylglycerol concentration was unaffected. In conclusion, feeding CLA to broiler chickens resulted in substantial incorporation of CLA isomers into their tissue lipids, thus providing a potential CLA-rich source for human consumption.

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Dietary Green Seaweed Compromises Overall Feed Conversion Efficiency but not Blood Parameters and Meat Quality and Stability in Broiler Chickens

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110547 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 547

Author(s):

Tumisang Ben Matshogo ◽

Caven Mguvane Mnisi ◽

Victor Mlambo

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Live Weight ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Green Seaweed

Using seaweeds as sources of nutrients and beneficial bioactive compounds can promote sustainable production of functional poultry products. This study investigated the physiological and meat quality responses of Cobb 500 broiler chickens to graded levels of green seaweed (Ulva sp.) meal (SWM). Three hundred, two-week-old male chicks (159.3 ± 11.76 g live-weight) were randomly assigned to five diets formulated by diluting a standard broiler diet with SWM at 0 (SW0), 20 (SW20), 25 (SW25), 30 (SW30) and 35 g/kg (SW35). There were neither linear nor quadratic trends (p > 0.05) for overall feed intake, overall growth performance and carcass and meat quality traits. Overall feed conversion efficiency (R2 = 0.192, p = 0.018) and spleen weights (R2 = 0.182; p = 0.020) linearly declined as SWM levels increased. Linear and quadratic responses (p > 0.05) were observed for lymphocytes. There were linear effects for meat pH except on day 7 of storage. Meat lightness (L*) linearly increased whereas meat redness (a*) quadratically responded to SWM levels (day 3 of storage). While an optimum inclusion level could not be established for seaweed based on growth performance, improvements in some meat shelf life indicators were observed in the broilers reared on seaweed-containing diets.

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Manipulation of the fatty acids composition of poultry meat and giblets by dietary inclusion of two oil sources and conjugated linoleic acid

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352008000600013 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1388-1398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.F. Zanini ◽

E. Vicente ◽

G.L. Colnago ◽

B.M.S. Pessotti ◽

M.A. Silva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Canola Oil ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Breast Meat

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in association with two vegetable oil sources on the fatty acids of meat and giblets of broiler chickens was evaluated. Two hundred 21-day-old broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 5 (two oil sources, soybean or canola oil; and five levels of CLA, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0g/kg). The addition of CLA to the diet resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in CLA deposition in the analyzed tissues. CLA supplementation also reduced (P<0.05) the rate of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in thigh, breast, heart, and gizzard. There was interaction of CLA x oil source (P<0.05). The intake of soybean oil, associated with increasing CLA, resulted in an increase in lipid deposition in edible portions as observed by an increase in the overall content of fatty acids, including CLA, while the use of canola oil, associated with increasing CLA in the diet, resulted in a decrease in lipid content in edible portions, specifically regarding that of saturated fat (P<0.05) in breast meat and liver and in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in thigh, breast, liver, and gizzard.

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Graded inclusions of sodium metabisulphite in sorghum-based diets: I. Reduction of disulphide cross-linkages in vitro and enhancement of energy utilisation and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.12.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P.H. Selle ◽

S.Y. Liu ◽

J. Cai ◽

R.A. Caldwell ◽

A.J. Cowieson

Keyword(s):

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Sodium Metabisulphite

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A new internal standard for HPLC assay of conjugated linoleic acid in animal tissues and milk

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/336/2009-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Czauderna ◽

J. Kowalczyk ◽

M. Marounek ◽

J.P. Michalski ◽

A.J. Rozbicka-Wieczorek

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Sorbic Acid ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Silver Ion ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Cla Isomers

A new method for the quantification of underivatized conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and CLA-metabolites by silver ion liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC) with photodiode array detection (DAD) is described. Conjugated fatty acids (CFA) and sorbic acid as the internal standard (IS) were separated on two 5 μm Chrompac ChromSpher Lipids columns (250 × 4.6 mm). Biological samples were hydrolyzed with 1M KOH in methanol and 2M KOH in water at room temperature for 12 h. Hydrolyzates were acidified and the free fatty acids were extracted with dichloromethane. The organic solvent was removed and then the residue was re-dissolved in hexane and centrifuged. The supernatant was injected onto the columns. The mobile phase of 1.6% acetic acid and 0.0125% acetonitrile in hexane was chosen as the optimum mobile phase for fractionation of IS, CLA isomers and CLA-metabolites in all assayed biological samples. The use of two silver ion-exchange columns with direct UV detection (Ag+-HPLC-DAD) offers satisfactory precision of the IS quantification and low limits of detection of IS and CLA isomers (0.60 and 0.21–0.35 ng, respectively). The presented simple Ag+-HPLC-DAD method with sorbic acid as the IS can be used for direct determination of underivatized CLA isomers in specimens of animal origin.

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Effect of hypothyroidism on growth performance, carcass composition and meat quality of fat-tailed Lori-Bakhtiari lambs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14516 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 1324 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yousef Baghcheghi ◽

Ahmad Zare Shahneh ◽

Mahdi Ganjkhanlou ◽

Mahdi Khodaei Motlagh ◽

Ali Reza Yousefi

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Shear Force ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Mild Hypothyroidism ◽

Plasma Triiodothyronine

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of induction hypothyroidism by propylthiouracil (PTU) on the growth performance and meat quality of fat-tailed Lori-Bakhtiari lambs. Eighteen Lori-Bakhtiari male lambs were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 6) and received daily treatments (gavage) consisting of 0 (Control: C), 10 (Low: L) or 20 (High: H) mg PTU/kg bodyweight/day for 60 days. PTU decreased plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentration in both L and H (P < 0.0001). Lambs treated with PTU (L and H) had lower feed intake (P < 0.004), feed conversion efficiency (P < 0.003), and greater intramuscular fat than C lambs (P < 0.035). Meat from the L and H lambs had lower cooking loss and shear force, and also higher L* (lightness) than C lambs (P < 0.004, P < 0.015 and P < 0.025, respectively). The meat of H and L lambs was more tender than C lambs (P < 0.032). However, the meat of H lambs required fewer chews before swallowing than C lambs (P < 0.041). Generally, induction of mild hypothyroidism appeared to improve feed conversion efficiency and meat quality of lambs.

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Exogenous growth hormone releasing factors and cottonseed meal improve growth performance and composition of gain in lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9941111 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RD Sainz ◽

BJ Hosking ◽

FJ Hart ◽

BR Schricker

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Meat Tenderness ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Reduced Fat ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Dressing Percentage

Forty-eight crossbred wether lambs (38 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary groups (LUC, chaffed lucerne ad libitum; CSM, LUC plus 300 g cottonseed meal/lday) and two hormone treatment groups (rGRF, recombinant growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF); sGRF, synthetic GRF) plus controls (CON, excipient only), and slaughtered after treatment for 28 (n = 36) or 30 (n = 12) days. An initial slaughter group (n = 12) was killed on day 0. CSM reduced intake of lucerne chaff, but increased total feed intake. CSM also increased liveweight gain and wool growth, with no effect on feed conversion efficiency. CSM increased carcass weight and decreased subcutaneous fat depth, with no effect on dressing percentage or longissimus dorsi (LD) area. Meat tenderness tended to decrease with CSM supplementation. CSM increased carcass protein accretion ( P < 0.01), with no significant change in fat gain or final composition (P > 0.05). CSM increased weights of the pelt, liver and empty body, and decreased the proportion of digesta in liveweight. Weights of blood, forestomachs and small intestine tended to increase as well (P < 0.10). Both sources of GRF had similar effects. Intakes were not significantly affected by GRF, but feed conversion efficiency improved (P < 0.01) with GRF treatment (6.4 v. 9.2 feed:gain for GRF and CON respectively). Liveweight gains and final weights of the whole body and carcass were increased additively by CSM and GRF. GRF reduced fat depth and increased LD area, with no effect on dressing percentage, carcass length or meat tenderness. These changes reflected increased carcass protein and reduced fat contents, brought about by increased accretion of protein and water and reduced fat gain due to GRF. GRF increased weights of blood and liver beyond the general increase in body size. Cottonseed meal and GRF additively produced significant improvements in growth performance and carcass quality of young wether lambs fed a roughage diet. GRF may be a useful tool to improve livestock production under extensive and intensive conditions.

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Effects of selection for lower backfat, and increased levels of dietary amino acids to digestible energy on growth performance, carcass merit and meat quality in boars, gilts, and barrows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a96-133 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 487-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. R. Grandhi ◽

R. L. Cliplef

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Control Line ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Carcass Merit ◽

Feeding Diets

Two experiments were conducted, using a total of 288 crossbred boars, gilts and barrows from the progeny of two Yorkshire sow lines, one kept as control, and the other selected for lower backfat thickness and increased growth rate for six generations. The lysine to DE (g MJ−1) levels used during grower (20 to 60 kg) and finisher (60 to 105 kg) periods, respectively, in the three diets (14.2 MJ DE kg−1) were: 1) 0.53 and 0.42 with no other supplemental amino acids except lysine, 2) 0.69 and 0.57 with supplemental threonine and methionine at a ratio of 0.65 and 0.30 to dietary lysine and 3) 0.85 and 0.72 with supplemental threonine and methionine at similar ratios as in diet 2. Feeding diets 2 and 3 increased (P < 0.05) the ADG and feed conversion efficiency of all pigs in both experiments, and this response was mainly during the grower period. Feeding diet 3 improved the growth rate more than diet 2 only in boars and gilts but not barrows. It also increased the feed conversion efficiency in exp. 2. The increased feed conversion efficiency response was higher in select than control line pigs, and in boars. Feeding diets 2 and 3 also improved the carcass merit but reduced the meat quality with an increased firmness and reduced marbling, juiciness, and flavour. The overall results indicated that an average daily intake of approximately 17 g of lysine (0.74 g MJ−1 DE), 11 g of threonine and 5 g of methionine during the grower period and 25 g lysine (0.62 g MJ−1 DE), 18 g threonine and 8 g methionine during finisher period optimized the growth performance, lean growth rate and carcass merit. This response tended to be higher in select than control line, and in boars and gilts than barrows. Key words: Lysine, amino acids, energy, growth, carcass, pigs

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