scholarly journals Oligofructose and long-chain inulin: influence on the gut microbial ecology of rats associated with a human faecal flora

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Kleessen ◽  
Ludger Hartmann ◽  
Michael Blaut
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Butyrate Production ◽  
Long Chain

Dietary incorporation of fermentable, indigestible fructans may be of benefit to gastrointestinal health by providing short-chain fatty acids, stimulating the proliferation of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli and suppressing potential pathogenic organisms in the gut. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of fructans on caecal, colonic and faecal short-chain fatty acid concentration and microflora composition depend on their chain length. Germ-free rats associated with a human faecal flora were randomly assigned to one of four treatments as follows: (1) commercial standard diet as a control (Con); (2) Con+50 g short-chain oligofructose/kg (OF); (3) C+50 g long-chain inulin/kg (lcIN); or (4) Con+50 g OF–lcIN/kg (Mix OF–lcIN). Changes in bacterial population groups in response to feeding these diets were investigated with 16S rRNA-targeted probes applied inin situhybridization. Mix OF–lcIN- and lcIN-containing diets resulted in larger numbers of caecal, colonic and faecal bacteria of theClostridium coccoides–Eubacterium rectalecluster than Con (10·6 and 10·3v.9·5 log10/g wet wt), whereas OF alone did not affect this bacterial group in caecum, colon or faeces. A bifidogenic effect was only observed in the colon and faeces of OF-treated rats. More lactobacilli were found in caecal and colonic contents of Mix OF–lcIN-fed rats and in faeces of OF-fed rats compared with Con. Mix OF–lcIN and OF led to significantly smaller numbers of caecal, colonic and faecal bacteria belonging to theClostridium histolyticumandC. lituseburensegroups than Con (6·8 and 6·9v.7·9 log10/g wet wt). Counts of total bacteria,Bacteroides–PrevotellaandEnterobacteriaceaedid not differ between the groups. OF and/or lcIN-containing diets significantly increased the caecal and colonic concentration of butyrate and its relative molar proportion. Only lcIN-containing diets resulted in a higher faecal concentration of butyrate than Con. Higher molar proportions of faecal butyrate were observed with all diets that had been supplemented with OF and/or lcIN. Stimulation of butyrate production could be of interest for the prevention of ulcerative colitis and colon cancer.

scholarly journals Key bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways affecting gut short-chain fatty acid profiles in early life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tsukuda ◽  
Kana Yahagi ◽  
Taeko Hara ◽  
Yohei Watanabe ◽  
Hoshitaka Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation ◽  
Acetyl Coa Pathway ◽  
Interspecific And Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Butyrate Production ◽  
Formate Production

AbstractInfant gut microbiota development affects the host physiology throughout life, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are promising key metabolites mediating microbiota-host relationships. Here, we investigated dense longitudinally collected faecal samples from 12 subjects during the first 2 years (n = 1048) to identify early life gut SCFA patterns and their relationships with the microbiota. Our results revealed three distinct phases of progression in the SCFA profiles: early phase characterised by low acetate and high succinate, middle-phase characterised by high lactate and formate and late-phase characterised by high propionate and butyrate. Assessment of the SCFA–microbiota relationships revealed that faecal butyrate is associated with increased Clostridiales and breastfeeding cessation, and that diverse and personalised assemblage of Clostridiales species possessing the acetyl-CoA pathway play major roles in gut butyrate production. We also found an association between gut formate and some infant-type bifidobacterial species, and that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)-derived fucose is the substrate for formate production during breastfeeding. We identified genes upregulated in fucose and fucosylated HMO utilisation in infant-type bifidobacteria. Notably, bifidobacteria showed interspecific and intraspecific variation in the gene repertoires, and cross-feeding of fucose contributed to gut formate production. This study provides an insight into early life SCFA–microbiota relationships, which is an important step for developing strategies for modulating lifelong health.

scholarly journals An Efficient System for Intestinal On-site Butyrate Production Using Novel Microbiome-Derived Esterases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dah Hyun Jung ◽  
Ji Hyun Yong ◽  
Wontae Hwang ◽  
Mi Young Yoon ◽  
Sang Sun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Catalytic Triad ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Metagenome Library ◽  
The Family ◽  
Butyrate Production

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, play beneficial roles in sustaining gastrointestinal health. However, due to limitations associated with direct consumption of butyrate, there has been interest in using prodrugs of butyrate. Tributyrin (TB), a triglyceride composed of three butyrate molecules and a glycerol, is a well-studied precursor of butyrate. We screened a metagenome library consisting of 5,760 bacterial artificial chromosome clones, with DNA inserts originating from mouse microbiomes, and identified two clones that efficiently hydrolyse TB into butyrate. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that inserts in these two clones are derived from unknown microbes. BLASTp analysis, however, revealed that each insert contains a gene homologous to acetylesterase or esterase genes, from Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., respectively. Predicted structures of these two proteins both contain serine-histidine-aspartate catalytic triad, highly conserved in the family of esterases. Escherichia coli host expressing each of the two candidate genes invariably produced greater amounts of butyrate in the presence of TB. Importantly, administration of TB together with cloned Escherichia coli cells alleviated inflammatory symptoms in a mouse model of acute colitis. Based on these results, we established an efficient on-site and real-time butyrate production system that releases butyrate in a controlled manner inside the intestine

scholarly journals Relation Between Total Polyphenol Intake and Markers of Intestinal Health in Obese Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1592-1592
Author(s):  
Victoria Teixeira Reis ◽  
Christy Tangney ◽  
Ali Keshavarzian ◽  
Alexander Racine ◽  
Weiwen Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Polyphenol Intake ◽  
Systemic Health

Abstract Objectives Polyphenol intake has been associated with improved health outcomes, but the relation between polyphenol intake, gastrointestinal health, and systemic health outcomes is not fully known. Many polyphenols become bioavailable once transformed into metabolites by the gut microbial community. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the intimate interaction between polyphenols and microbiota may influence both gastrointestinal and systemic health. The objective of the current study was to assess the relation of daily polyphenol intake with intestinal permeability, microbiota profile, and fecal short-chain fatty acids in a sample of obese humans. Methods The analyses were conducted among 92 adult obese participants (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). Polyphenol intake was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire (VioscreenTM) using Polyphenol-Explorer and published literature. Intestinal permeability was measured through collection of 24-hour urine after consumption of a sugar mixture and presented as sucralose and sucralose: lactulose excretion as a % of the oral dose. Microbiota profile and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed using 16S sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. Associations of polyphenol intake between intestinal health markers were examined by correlational analyses; all analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 26). Results Mean age of participants was 44.1 ± 11.3 years; 70.7% were females and 63.0% self-identified as Black/African American. Daily polyphenol intake was 2,733 ± 2,129 mg/day. Primary food group contributors to polyphenol intake were drinks (coffee/tea; 33.2%), fruit (23.9%) and vegetarian protein sources (nuts/seeds/legumes; 15.6%). Total polyphenol intake was positively correlated with fecal butyrate (µg/g) (rho = 0.255; p = 0.029) and butyrate: SCFA ratio (rho = 0.274, p = 0.018). However, polyphenol intake was not correlated to microbiota taxa or markers of intestinal permeability (P > 0.05). Conclusions Dietary intake of polyphenols are associated with fecal SCFA concentrations, but further investigation through intervention studies is needed to elucidate the potential relation between polyphenols and markers of gastrointestinal health. Funding Sources Supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

scholarly journals Delaminated Polymer/Lamellar Aluminophosphate Nanocomposites Prepared via in SITU Polymerization

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 096369350601500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Wang ◽  
Guoping Chen ◽  
Quan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Long Chain

A method to synthesize completely delaminated polymer/lamellar aluminophosphate (Mu-4) nanocomposites has been successfully developed, wherein organo-modification of Mu-4 followed by in situ polymerization was applied. It can be found that the long chain n-dodecylamine molecules can favor the intercalation of Mu-4 and thus readily make the Mu-4 layers delaminated in the polymer matrix compared with the short chain N,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Newly Isolated Geobacillus sp. ZY-10 Degrading Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Sun ◽  
Zhanguo Ning ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Xianzhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
Production Tolerance ◽  
Long Chain

An obligately thermophilic strain ZY-10 was isolated from the crude oil in a high-temperature oilfield, which was capable of degrading heavy crude oil. Phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolate should be grouped in the genus Geobacillus, which shared the highest similarity (99%) of the 16S rDNA sequence to Geobacillus stearothermophilus. However, the major cellular fatty acid iso-15:0 (28.55%), iso-16:0 (24.93%), iso-17:0 (23.53%) and the characteristics including indole production, tolerance to NaN3 and carbohydrate fermentation showed some difference from the recognized species in the genus Geobacillus. The isolate could use tridecane, hexadecane, octacosane and hexatridecane as sole carbon source for cell growth, and the digesting rate of long-chain alkane was lower than that of short-chain alkane. When the isolate was cultured in the heavy crude oil supplement with inorganic salts and trace yeast extract, the concentration of short-chain alkane was significantly increased and the content of long-chain alkane was decreased, suggesting that the larger hydrocarbon components in crude oil were degraded into shorter-chain alkane. Strain ZY-10 would be useful for improving the mobility of crude oil and upgrading heavy crude oil in situ.

scholarly journals An efficient system for intestinal on-site butyrate production using novel microbiome-derived esterases

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dah Hyun Jung ◽  
Ji Hyun Yong ◽  
Wontae Hwang ◽  
Mi Young Yoon ◽  
Sang Sun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Catalytic Triad ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Metagenome Library ◽  
The Family ◽  
Butyrate Production

AbstractShort-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, play beneficial roles in sustaining gastrointestinal health. However, due to limitations associated with direct consumption of butyrate, there has been interest in using prodrugs of butyrate. Tributyrin (TB), a triglyceride composed of three butyrate molecules and a glycerol, is a well-studied precursor of butyrate. We screened a metagenome library consisting of 5760 bacterial artificial chromosome clones, with DNA inserts originating from mouse microbiomes, and identified two clones that efficiently hydrolyse TB into butyrate. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that inserts in these two clones are derived from unknown microbes. BLASTp analysis, however, revealed that each insert contains a gene homologous to acetylesterase or esterase genes, from Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., respectively. Predicted structures of these two proteins both contain serine-histidine-aspartate catalytic triad, highly conserved in the family of esterases. Escherichia coli host expressing each of the two candidate genes invariably produced greater amounts of butyrate in the presence of TB. Importantly, administration of TB together with cloned E. coli cells alleviated inflammatory symptoms in a mouse model of acute colitis. Based on these results, we established an efficient on-site and real-time butyrate production system that releases butyrate in a controlled manner inside the intestine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document