scholarly journals Fish-oil supplementation reduces stimulation of plasma glucose fluxes during exercise in untrained males

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Delarue ◽  
Francois Labarthe ◽  
Richard Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The present study examined the effects of a 3-week fish-oil supplementation (6 g/d) on the rate of plasma glucose disappearance (Rd glucose), hepatic glucose production (HGP), carbohydrate oxidation and lipid oxidation during exercise. Six untrained males (23±1 years; 67·6±2·7kg) performed two 90min cycling exercise sessions at 60% of maximal O2 output separated by 20 d. During the 20 d before the first test, they ingested 6g olive oil/d, then 6g fish oil/d during the 20 d before the second test. Plasma glucose fluxes and lipolysis were traced using 6,6-[2H2]glucose and 1,1,2,3,3-[2H5]glycerol respectively. Substrates oxidation was obtained from indirect calorimetry. At rest HGP and the Rd glucose were similar after olive oil and fish oil (1.83 (se 0·05) v. 1·67 (se 0·11) mg/kg per min). During exercise, fish oil reduced the stimulation of both the Rd glucose (5·06 (se 0·23) v. 6·37 (se 0·12) mg/kg per min; P<0·05) and HGP (4·88 (se 0·24) v. 5·91 (se 0·21) mg/kg per min; P<0·05). Fish oil also reduced glucose metabolic clearance rate (6·93 (se 0·29) v. 8·30 (se 0·57) ml/min). Carbohydrate oxidation tended to be less stimulated by exercise after fish oil than after olive oil (12·09 (se 0·60) v. 13·86 (se 1·11) mg/kg per min; NS). Lipid oxidation tended to be more stimulated by exercise after fish oil (7·34 (se 0·45) v. 6·85 (se 0·17) mg/kg per min; NS). Glycaemia, lactataemia, insulinaemia and glucagonaemia were similarly affected by exercise after fish oil and olive oil. Lipolysis at rest was similar after fish oil and olive oil (2·92 (se 0·42) v. 2·94 (se 0·28) μmol/kg per min) and similarly stimulated by exercise (6·42 (se 0·75) v. 6·77 (se 0·72) μmol/kg per min). It is concluded that fish oil reduced the Rd glucose by 26% by reducing glucose metabolic clearance rate, possibly by facilitating fat oxidation, and reduced HGP by 21%, possibly by a feedback mechanism.

scholarly journals Bile Acid Sequestration Reduces Plasma Glucose Levels in db/db Mice by Increasing Its Metabolic Clearance Rate

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e24564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxi Meissner ◽  
Hilde Herrema ◽  
Theo H. van Dijk ◽  
Albert Gerding ◽  
Rick Havinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Levels

Glucoregulation during rest and exercise in depancreatized dogs: role of the acute presence of insulin

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. E574-E582 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Wasserman ◽  
J. L. Bupp ◽  
J. L. Johnson ◽  
D. Bracy ◽  
D. B. Lacy
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Rest And Exercise

To determine the effects of the presence of insulin in poorly controlled diabetes, depancreatized (PX) dogs (n = 5) were studied during rest and 150 min of exercise in paired experiments in which saline alone was infused (IDEF) and in which insulin was replaced intraportally (200 microU.kg-1.min-1) with glucose clamped at the levels in IDEF (IR+G). PX dogs (n = 4) were also studied with insulin, but glucose was allowed to fall (IR). Insulin was not detectable, 6 +/- 1 and 6 +/- 2 microU/ml in IDEF, IR+G, and IR. Plasma glucose was 470 +/- 47, 480 +/- 48, and 372 +/- 35 mg/dl at rest in IDEF, IR+G, and IR, respectively. Levels were unchanged with exercise in IDEF and IR+G, but fell by 139 +/- 13 mg/dl in IR. Basal glucose rate of appearance (Ra) was 7.0 +/- 0.9, 1.3 +/- 1.1, and 6.0 +/- 0.7 mg.kg-1.min-1 in IDEF, IR+G, and IR, respectively. Exercise elicited a rise in Ra in only IDEF. The rises in Rd and metabolic clearance rate in IDEF were reduced (delta 2.6 +/- 0.7 and delta 0.8 +/- 0.3 ml.kg-1.min-1 at 150 min) compared with IR+G (delta 5.3 +/- 1.9 and delta 1.7 +/- 0.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 at 150 min) and IR (delta 3.7 +/- 1.2 and delta 2.4 +/- 0.8 ml.kg-1.min-1). The insulin sensitivity of glucose utilization (Rd) was elevated by approximately 75% at 150 min. Basal glycerol was similar in IDEF and IR but was reduced by approximately 70% in IR+G. Glycerol rose similarly with exercise in IDEF and IR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

SECRETION RATE AND METABOLIC CLEARANCE RATE OF PROLACTIN IN THE RAT DURING MID- AND LATE LACTATION

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. GROSVENOR ◽  
N. S. WHITWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Urethane Anaesthesia ◽  
Plateau Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

The prolactin concentration in the plasma of lactating rats rose less rapidly and attained a significantly lower plateau level in response to suckling on day 20–21 of lactation than it did on day 13–14 of lactation. Neither differences in suckling stimulation of the older pups nor a higher metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of prolactin were implicated in the reduced prolactin concentration seen in the late-lactating rats. The MCR was, in fact, slightly reduced in both conscious and late-lactating rats anaesthetized with urethane when compared with those in mid-lactation. The MCR of prolactin was not significantly altered by urethane anaesthesia in rats on either day of lactation. However, the secretion rate of prolactin, computed from the MCR multiplied by the equilibrum concentration of prolactin during suckling, was considerably reduced (665 to 392 ng/min) from mid- to late lactation. We conclude from these data that the reduced plasma concentration of prolactin in response to suckling in late lactation is the result of an impairment within the prolactin secretory mechanism.

Ketone body turnover during and after exercise in overnight-fasted and starved humans

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. E318-E325 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fery ◽  
E. O. Balasse
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Initial Degree ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Marked Drop

The concentration of ketone bodies and their rate of transport (estimated with an infusion of beta-[14C]-hydroxybutyrate) were determined before, during, and after exercise in overnight-fasted and 3- to 5-day-fasted subjects who walked on a treadmill for 2 h at approximately 50% of their VO2max. In overnight-fasted subjects, exercise increased the rate of turnover (+125% after 2 h) and the metabolic clearance rate of ketone bodies whose concentration rose from 0.20 to 0.39 mM. Discontinuation of exercise was associated with a marked increase in ketone levels (+0.73 mM after 30 min of recovery) that was related to a further stimulation of ketogenesis (+19%) and to a marked drop of the metabolic clearance rate to below preexercise values. In sharp contrast with overnight-fasted subjects, starved subjects (with a resting ketone level averaging 5.7 mM) responded to work by a decrease in the turnover rate and in the concentration of ketones, their metabolic clearance rate remaining unchanged. Thus, the response of ketogenesis and muscular ketone uptake to exercise are both markedly influenced by the initial degree of fasting ketosis.

Inhibition by proinsulin of endogenous C-peptide release in healthy man

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. E139-E145 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Waldhausl ◽  
P. Bratusch-Marrain ◽  
S. Gasic ◽  
M. Komjati ◽  
L. Heding
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Peptide Release ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
Stimulation Of

To determine the role of proinsulin on endogenous insulin release, splanchnic output and arterial concentrations of C-peptide were measured in healthy subjects before and during infusion of human (HPI) and porcine (PPI) proinsulin at increasing rates for 70 min each (HPI, 328 and 656 micrograms X m-2 X h-1; PPI, 54, 134, and 268 micrograms/m-2 X h-1), while euglycemia was maintained by variable glucose infusion. By using this approach splanchnic C-peptide output was reduced by human proinsulin infusion from 143 +/- 16 (mean +/- SE) pmol/min to 111 +/- 18 and 75 +/- 11 pmol/min (P = 0.01). Simultaneously, arterial concentrations of C-peptide decreased from 716 +/- 40 pmol/l by 23 and 32%. Similar inhibition was induced by porcine PPI of splanchnic C-peptide output at an infusion rate of 268 micrograms X m-2 X h-1. Mean metabolic clearance rate was 2.7 and 3.7 ml X kg-1 X min-1 for HPI and PPI, respectively. Splanchnic glucose output was almost completely suppressed by human and porcine proinsulin at maximal infusion rates. This effect preceded both inhibition by proinsulin of splanchnic C-peptide output and stimulation of peripheral glucose utilization. We conclude that human and porcine proinsulin suppress endogenous insulin secretion at pharmacological concentrations. The observed constancy of the metabolic clearance rate of HPI demonstrates that its clearance remains a nonsaturable process up to supraphysiological HPI concentrations, while clearance of PPI appears to be subject to saturation. Furthermore, it appears that splanchnic glucose output responds earlier to proinsulin exposure than suppression of C-peptide release or stimulation of peripheral glucose utilization.

Comparative metabolic clearance rate, volume of distribution and plasma half-life of human β-lipotropin and acth

Life Sciences ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 2323-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Liotta ◽  
Choh Hao Li ◽  
George C. Schussler ◽  
Dorothy T. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Half Life

scholarly journals The Renin-Angiotensin System in Conscious Newborn Sheep: Metabolic Clearance Rate and Activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sithembiso C Velaphi ◽  
Kevin Despain ◽  
Timothy Roy ◽  
Charles R Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Validation of a new method for determination of free fatty acid turnover

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. E431-E438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Miles ◽  
M. G. Ellman ◽  
K. L. McClean ◽  
M. D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
State Equations ◽  
Tracer Methods

The accuracy of tracer methods for estimating free fatty acid (FFA) rate of appearance (Ra), either under steady-state conditions or under non-steady-state conditions, has not been previously investigated. In the present study, endogenous lipolysis (traced with 14C palmitate) was suppressed in six mongrel dogs with a high-carbohydrate meal 10 h before the experiment, together with infusions of glucose, propranolol, and nicotinic acid during the experimental period. Both steady-state and non-steady-state equations were used to determine oleate Ra ([3H]oleate) before, during, and after a stepwise infusion of an oleic acid emulsion. Palmitate Ra did not change during the experiment. Steady-state equations gave the best estimates of oleate inflow approximately 93% of the known oleate infusion rate overall, while errors in tracer estimates of inflow were obtained when non-steady-state equations were used. The metabolic clearance rate of oleate was inversely related to plasma concentration (P less than 0.01). In conclusion, accurate estimates of FFA inflow were obtained when steady-state equations were used, even under conditions of abrupt and recent changes in Ra. Non-steady-state equations, in contrast, may provide erroneous estimates of inflow. The decrease in metabolic clearance rate during exogenous infusion of oleate suggests that FFA transport may follow second-order kinetics.

Glucagon and insulin metabolism in a portal-hypertensive rat model

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. G110-G115 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sikuler ◽  
J. Polio ◽  
R. J. Groszmann ◽  
R. Hendler
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Portal Blood Flow ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Portosystemic Shunting ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin

The role that portosystemic shunting plays in inducing the alterations of glucagon and insulin metabolism, which are observed in chronic liver disease, was studied in a rat model of prehepatic portal hypertension induced by portal vein constriction. Net splanchnic output of the hormones into the portal circulation was calculated from the difference between portal and systemic concentrations multiplied by portal plasma flow. Metabolic clearance rate was calculated as the ratio between output and systemic concentration. Portal blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. Glucagon output in the portal vein-ligated rats was higher than in the sham-operated controls (5.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.2 ng/min, P less than 0.05). The metabolic clearance rate of glucagon was not significantly different between the two groups. Insulin output was not significantly different between the two groups; however, the metabolic clearance rate of insulin in the portal vein-ligated rats was reduced in comparison with the sham-operated group (9.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 18.4 +/- 3.3 ml/min, P less than 0.05). Our results indicate that portosystemic shunting per se is sufficient to cause an increased splanchnic output of glucagon into the portal system and a decreased metabolic clearance of insulin.

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