Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract C. hirta is a small shrub producing vast amounts of seeds that produce a large seed bank. Although the plant can grow in relatively shaded conditions, sexual reproduction only occurs in more favourable light regimes such as tree fall gaps. Formerly, it was only considered as a pasture or crop weed but in recent decades it has become a major weed of natural forest communities. It may produce large quantities of seedlings with low mortality and is now viewed as a threat to native biodiversity in much of the tropics, but on the oceanic islands in particular.

scholarly journals Effects of Wollastonia biflora expansion on the soil seed bank in native forest communities on a tropical coral island

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. e01403
Author(s):  
Yao Huang ◽  
Hai Ren ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Nan Liu ◽  
Shuguang Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Coral Island

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical comparison of mericarps from different types of umbels of Heracleum sosnowskyi / Sosnovskio barščio skirtingų tipų žiedynų merikarpių morfologinės ir anatominės sandaros palyginamoji analizė

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigita Jurkonienė ◽  
Tautvydas Žalnierius ◽  
Virgilija Gavelienė ◽  
Danguolė Švegždienė ◽  
Laurynas Šiliauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Morphometrical Analysis ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) mericarps were collected from satellite and stem branch umbels for comparative anatomical investigation. Located near Vilnius city, the habitat of Heracleum sosnowskyi, formerly a natural forest edge has recently been densely occupied by plants of this species. SEM micrographs of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of mericarps obtained from satellite and stem branch umbels of H. sosnowskyi were similar, but morphometrical analysis revealed statistically significant differences in mericarps collected from satellite umbels, which were longer and wider than mericarps from stem branch umbels. The data on longitudinal sections of H. sosnowskyi mericarps clearly showed that embryos of satellite umbels were at later torpedo stage compared to embryos of stem branch umbels, which were at earlier heart stage. These data represent unequal development of the embryos in mericarps from different types of umbels. Such different development can be treated as an adaptation of the invasive plant to occupy the current habitat and survive in the seed bank by allowing the embryo to complete development within a seed and germinate when new conditions permit.

scholarly journals HEAT SECURITY AND THERMAL REGIME OF SOME TYPES OF NATURAL FOREST COMMUNITIES (AREA OF WIDE-DECIDUAL-CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF THE SOUTH URALS)

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Yu.P. Gorichev ◽  
◽  
A.N. Davydychev ◽  
I.R. Yusupov ◽  
A.Yu. Kulagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
The South ◽  
The Southern Urals

The data of microclimatic observations carried out in the area of broad-leaved-coniferous forests of the Southern Urals are presented. The parameters of heat supply and thermal regime of some types of primary plantations are established.

scholarly journals Characterization and ecological significance of a seed bank from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation, southwest Virginia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra S. Yehnjong ◽  
Michael S. Zavada ◽  
Chris Liu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Large Seed

AbstractSoil seed banks are important to the maintenance and restoration of floras. Extant seed banks exhibit unique characteristics with regard to the distribution of seed size and seed density. Seeds were recovered from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation in southwest Virginia. Structurally preserved seeds were also examined from coal balls of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Groups, Ohio. The size distribution of the seeds from the Wise Formation is similar to that of structurally preserved seeds of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Group coal balls. In contrast, the seed size distributions in extant wetland, grassland, woodland and forest habitats are significantly narrower than that of seeds from the Pennsylvanian seed banks. Larger seeds are less dependent on light for germination, and aid in seedling establishment more than smaller seeds, especially in dense stable forests where disturbance events are rare. Large seed size may contribute to increased seed longevity, which reduces the effect of environmental variability on seed germination and development. The significantly larger size of the Palaeozoic seeds may have imparted an advantage for seedling establishment in the dense Palaeozoic forests. The preponderance of large seeds may be a result of the absence of large seed predators (e.g. herbivorous tetrapods), and may have been an evolutionary strategy to minimize damage to the embryo from a predator population dominated by small invertebrates with chewing or sucking mouthparts. The estimated seed density of 192 seeds/m2in the Palaeozoic seed bank falls within the range of modern seed banks, but at the lower end of modern seed bank densities in a variety of habitats.

Mimosa diplotricha (creeping sensitive plant).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

Abstract M. diplotricha (syn. M. invisa) is a small, often scrambling, neotropical shrub that has invaded many countries in the old tropics and many oceanic islands. In recent decades it has spread to new regions and has the potential to invade more tropical areas. It forms impenetrable spiny thickets that invade highly disturbed sites, but agricultural systems in particular. The shrub produces large quantities of seeds at an early age and has a persistent seed bank. It is extremely difficult to control effectively using mechanical or chemical means, however, biological control programmes have had a large degree of success.

scholarly journals SC-Earth: A Station-based Serially Complete Earth Dataset from 1950 to 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Tang ◽  
Martyn P. Clark ◽  
Simon Michael Papalexiou
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Quantile Mapping ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractMeteorological data from ground stations suffer from temporal discontinuities caused by missing values and short measurement periods. Gap filling and reconstruction techniques have proven to be effective in producing serially complete station datasets (SCDs) that are used for a myriad of meteorological applications (e.g., developing gridded meteorological datasets and validating models). To our knowledge, all SCDs are developed at regional scales. In this study, we developed the serially complete Earth (SC-Earth) dataset, which provides daily precipitation, mean temperature, temperature range, dew-point temperature, and wind speed data from 1950 to 2019. SC-Earth utilizes raw station data from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily (GHCN-D) and the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD). A unified station repository is generated based on GHCN-D and GSOD after station merging and strict quality control. ERA5 is optimally matched with station data considering the time shift issue and then used to assist the global gap filling. SC-Earth is generated by merging estimates from 15 strategies based on quantile mapping, spatial interpolation, machine learning, and multi-strategy merging. The final estimates are bias corrected using a combination of quantile mapping and quantile delta mapping. Comprehensive validation demonstrates that SC-Earth has high accuracy around the globe, with degraded quality in the tropics and oceanic islands due to sparse station networks, strong spatial precipitation gradients, and degraded ERA5 estimates. Meanwhile, SC-Earth inherits potential limitations such as inhomogeneity and precipitation undercatch from raw station data, which may affect its application in some cases. Overall, the high-quality and high-density SC-Earth dataset will benefit research in fields of hydrology, ecology, meteorology, and climate.

scholarly journals Áreas prioritárias à preservação e à recuperação de comunidades florestais naturais: estudo de caso no entorno das represas da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo (Priority Areas to Natural Forest Communities Preservation and ...)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Patrick Thomaz de Aquino Martins
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Forest Code ◽  
Definition Of

Com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar áreas prioritárias à preservação e à recuperação de formações florestais naturais no entorno das represas de Paraibuna, Paraitinga e Santa Branca, Estado de São Paulo, a partir da definição de Áreas de Proteção Permanente (APPs), foi estabelecida uma faixa marginal de 100m e analisada a distribuição da cobertura vegetal e uso do solo atuais. Houve a constatação de um padrão de uso do solo e cobertura vegetal em ambas as represas (Santa Branca e Paraibuna-Paraitinga), caracterizado pela predominância da classe pasto/agricultura (61%), seguido de mata/capoeira (25%), e eucalipto, (10%). O percentual remanescente ficou representado pelas classes unidade urbana, solo exposto e água. Sendo a classe mata/capoeira a única a ser prioritária à preservação, esta representa quase que ¼ da área total de APP. A área prioritária à recuperação (pasto/agricultura, eucalipto e solo exposto) prevalece, ao passo que as não enquadradas (água e unidade urbana) possuem uma participação irrisória. Por gerar recursos econômicos importantes aos municípios, um plano de manejo dessa área se faz necessário. A manutenção do panorama atual no entorno das represas pode ter influência negativa direta na qualidade de água, prejudicando assim o abastecimento de água aos municípios servidos por esta.Palavras-chave: Geotecnologias, Área de Proteção Permanente, Código Florestal Brasileiro. Priority Areas to Natural Forest Communities Preservation and Recovery: Case Study in Adjacencies of Basin River Dams from Alto Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to identify priority areas to the preservation and the recovery of natural forest formations around the dams of Paraibuna, Paraitinga and Santa Branca, São Paulo State. From the definition of Permanent Protection Areas (APP), it was established a buffer of 100m and it was analyzed the vegetal covering distribution and also the current use of the ground. It was verified a pattern of land use and vegetation cover in both reservoirs (Santa Branca and Paraibuna-Paraitinga), characterized by the predominance of class pasture/agriculture (61%), followed of forest/“capoeira” (25%), and eucalyptus, (10%). The remaining percentage was represented by the classes unit urban, exposed soil and water. As the class forest/“capoeira” is the only priority to preservation, this represents almost ¼ of the total area of APP. The priority area for rehabilitation (pasture/agriculture, eucalyptus and exposed soil) prevails, while those not covered (water and urban unit) have a ridiculous stake. Since this area generates significantly economic resources to municipalities, a management plan for it is necessary. The permanence of the current landscape around the dams may have direct negative impact on water quality and adversely affect the water supply to municipalities served by it. Keywords: Geotechnologies, Permanent Protection Areas, Brazilian Forest Code.

scholarly journals Effects of Exotic Plantation Expansion and Management Intervention on Woody Plant Species Diversity, Regeneration and Soil Seed Bank in Tarmaber District, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melese Bekele Nigussie ◽  
Dessie Assefa Assefa ◽  
Yohannis Gebremariam Gebremariam
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Management Intervention

Abstract This study was carried out in Tarmaber district north shewa zone Ethiopia to determine the effect of plantation forest with management intervention on woody plant species diversity, regeneration and soil seed bank species composition in five different forest types, which are adjacent natural forest, managed Cupressus lusitanica, unmanaged C. lusitanica, managed Eucalyptus globules and not managed E. globules plantation forests. A total of 75 circular sample plots of 314 m2 were established along a transect lines. Soil seed bank analysis was done from soil samples collected in each of the plots (225 samples) to examine the similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground flora. Different diversity index and ANOVA was used in SPSS software for analysis. The result showed that a total of 51 woody plant species was recorded in adjacent natural forest (41), managed C. lusitanica (27), not managed C. lusitanica (9), managed E. globules (22) and not managed E. globules (13) species. Regeneration of seedlings were 3538, 5567, 707, 1462 and 2524 mean stems ha− 1 for natural forest, managed C. lusitanica, not managed C. lusitanica, managed E. globules and not managed E. globules respectively. Unmanaged C. lusitanica plantations had significantly lower densities of mature tree stems ha− 1 as compared to managed C. lusitanica, managed E. globules and adjacent natural forest (F = 14.03, p < 0.05).Similarly in terms of sapling density ha− 1 unmanaged C. lusitanica was significantly lower from other forest types (F = 7.37, p < 0.05). However managed C. lusitanica had significantly higher seedling regeneration (stem density ha− 1) than other plantation and adjacent natural forests (F = 16.11, p < 0.05). Generally mean stem densities including tree, sapling and seedling of woody species among different forest types managed C. lusitanica was significantly higher among different forest types (F = 13.01, p < 0.05). From the soil seed bank a total of 22 plant species (20 native and 2 exotic) species were recovered. In different forest types the number of species recorded was in adjacent natural forest (19), managed C. lusitanica (11), unmanaged C. lusitanica (4), managed E. globules (7) and unmanaged E. globules (5). The similarity of the oil seed bank was more or less similar to the above ground flora with maximum Sorenson’s similarity values of 0.633. Generally with appropriate management intervention undergrowth vegetation and soil seed bank status in plantation forest had good species composition and diversity.

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