Cuscuta campestris (field dodder).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
The World ◽  
Vegetative Spread ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract The parasitic weed C. campestris is native to North America but has been introduced around the world and become a weed in many countries. It is by far the most important of the dodders, perhaps because of its wide host range. This ensures that there is a wide range of crop seeds that may be contaminated, and in which it may be introduced to new areas over both short and long distances. Once introduced it is almost certain that there will be suitable host plants on which it can thrive and be damaging, whether they are crops or wild species. Vegetative spread can be very rapid - up to 5 m in 2 months. It also has a wide tolerance of climatic conditions from warm temperate to sub-tropical and tropical.

scholarly journals Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite). Phytosanitary risk analysis for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
L. Titova ◽  
Yu. Klechkovskyi ◽  
O. Palahina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Goal. To carry out the analysis of phytosanitary risk for Ukraine of a dangerous quarantine pest Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite). Research Methods. The main method is information-analytical. We conducted analytical research and analysis of reports from the Mediterranean, World Plant Protection Organizations, literary sources of scientific publications and online resources. Phytosanitary risk analysis (PRA) was performed according to the EPPO standards PM 5/3 (5), PM 5/1, PM 5/4 [3, 4, 5]. The possibility of acclimatization of the pest was determined using modern computer programs IDRISI SELVA, MapInfo Pro 15.0 and AgroAtlas. Results. Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite) absent in Ukraine is a polyphage, it can damage 217 species of plants, preferring citrus, and is widespread in the world. Many species of plants that are host plants of the eastern spider mite grow in Ukraine and are important in the production of fruits, vegetables, and oils. The primary pest habitat was the Middle East, but currently E. orientalis is found in many countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania and is in a wide climatic range. Thus, in European countries which lie in the pest habitat, the climate is subtropical, Mediterranean and temperate, transitional to continental (Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Turkey). In Asia (China, India, Israel, Iraq, Saudi Arabia), the area of the pest occupies territories dominated by tropical, subtropical and temperate climates. In recent years, several species of tetrachnid mites, including E. orientalis, have expanded their geographical range, mainly due to increased trade and travel around the world, posing a threat to agriculture in many countries. Under optimal conditions, 25 generations per year can occur. The spread of E. orientalis is by air masses or anthropic. Distribution of E. orientalis is carried out by air masses or anthropically. The most likely pathway for spreading the pest is through infected planting material. Given the high reproductive potential of E. Orientalis, the rate of expansion of the habitat, the diversity of the plant’s food supply, its adaptability to a wide range of climatic conditions, there is a need to analyze the phytosanitary risk (AFR) of the eastern spider mite for Ukraine. The end result of the research is the determination of the quarantine status of the pest and the proposal for amendments to the «List of regulated pests» that are quarantined in Ukraine. Conclusions. There is a high likelihood of acclimatization of Eutetranychus orientalis in Ukraine, which is due to the large number of host plants and compliance with the species requirements to the climatic conditions. Potential habitat area in Ukraine may be the southern coast of Crimea. Phytosanitary risk analysis of Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (Eastern spider mite) for Ukraine identified the need for the pest to be granted the status of a quarantine organism absent in Ukraine (list A1) and to amend the «List of regulated pests of Ukraine».

Ustilago hypodytes. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Root System ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
Established Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago hypodytes. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A wide range of grasses, including species of Agropyron (many), Ammophila, Brachypodium, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Diplachne, Distichlis, Elymus (many), Festuca, Glyceria, Hilaria, Hordeum, Haynaldia, Lygeum, Melica, Orysopsis, Panicum, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa (many), Puccinellia, Secale, Sitanion, Sporobolus, Stipa (many), and Trisetum. DISEASE: Stem smut of grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Chiefly a temperate species found in Europe (including Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR, Yugoslavia) and North America (Canada, USA) and extending to central and South America (Argentina, Peru, Uruguay), N. Africa (Libya, Morocco, Tunisia), Japan, Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Not fully understood, though inoculation experiments have demonstrated that infection occurs in mature vegetative plants (possibly through meristematic tissue), not seeds or flowers (22, 240; 24, 511). Once established, infection is systemic, probably overwintering in the root system and spreading by vegetative multiplication of host plants as well as from plant to plant (24, 511; 19, 720).

THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CANADIAN GRYLLOPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 389-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Vickery
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
Orthopteroid Insects

AbstractThe saltatorial orthopteroid insects did not originate in North America. Five avenues of entry were utilized in migration from other parts of the world. These were: (1) ancestral forms migrated to this region in Pangaean times when all continents formed a single land mass; (2) later in time, taxa migrated from Europe when Eurasia and North America were still joined, or later via an Atlantic land bridge; (3) ancestral forms migrated northward from the Neotropical region before the separation of the two continents or, much later, when the two continents became rejoined; (4) later arriving taxa entered North America during the Pleistocene via a Beringian land bridge; (5) some species are very recent immigrants, either because of the activities of man or by migration into Canadian territory from the south.The fossil record is very incomplete. It indicates past climatic conditions, but is of limited assistance concerning extant taxa.Pleistocene glaciation had a profound effect upon the distribution of extant species. Many species were forced to move southward to escape the advancing ice. Some species probably were eliminated. It is clear that most of the extant species have migrated northward since the recession of the Wisconsin glacier.

Geographic variation in a widespread perennial weed, Rumex crispus. The relative amounts of genetic and environmentally induced variation among populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1928-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hume ◽  
P. B. Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Populations of Rumex crispus were sampled from eastern North America and Europe. The relative amounts of genetic variation and plasticity were examined, using 58 plant characters. About 61% of the total variation occurring in the experimental plants was accounted for by plasticity. The remaining 26% and 13% occurred within populations and among widespread populations, respectively. At the local level, there was little difference between variation occurring within genotypes and that within families (between maternal siblings). This suggests that the species is predominantly inbreeding. The majority of genetic variation occurs within populations at both the local and species' range levels.It was concluded that the species has large amounts of both flexibility and genetic heterogeneity. This adaptive strategy enables the species to survive under a very wide range of environmental situations and largely accounts for its becoming one of the most widely distributed plants in the world.

scholarly journals Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi Associated with Sugarcane Plants Cultivated in São Paulo, Brazil

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽  
Camila Maistro Patreze ◽  
Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Energy Cane ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Periconia Macrospinosa

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) constitute a polyphyletic group within the Ascomycota, with global distribution and a wide range of host plant species. The present study evaluated the diversity of DSE in sugarcane roots of the varieties RB867515, RB966928, and RB92579, and four varieties of not commercialized energy cane. A total of 16 DSE strains were isolated, mostly from the varieties RB966928 and RB867515, with six and five isolates, respectively. Just one of the four energy cane varieties had fungi with DSE appearance. The analyses of the DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU), in association with the micromorphology of the isolates, allowed the differentiation of the 16 isolates in at least five species, within the families Periconiaceae, Pleosporaceae, Lentitheciaceae, Vibrisseaceae, and Apiosporaceae and the orders Pleosporales, Helotiales, and Xylariales. The order Pleosporales represented 80% of the isolates, and the species Periconia macrospinosa, with six isolates, accounted for the highest isolation frequency. The results confirm the natural occurrence of the DSE symbiosis in sugarcane varieties and the generalist character of these fungi as some of the detected species have already been reported associated with other host plants, ecosystems, and regions of the world.

Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Weedy Species

Abstract F. convolvulus is a weedy species of gardens, cultivated fields, open habitats, orchards, non-crop areas, waste areas, and disturbed sites. It is well-adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions and soils. This species is a prolific seed producer and has the potential to produce up to 30,000 seeds/plant. Seeds can be dispersed by farm machinery, and water. It is also a common contaminant of wheat and other cereal crops. F. convolvulus is often a serious weed in cereals, vegetables and horticultural crops (FAO, 2015). Currently, it is listed as invasive in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand (Webb et al., 1988; MacKee, 1994; Wilson, 2008; Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong, 2012), but it is also ranked as a serious weed in 20 crops in more than 41 countries around the world (Holm et al., 1991). Distribution.

Polygonatum campanulatum (Asparagaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAI XIU-ZHEN ◽  
HU GUANG-WAN ◽  
KAMANDE ELIZABETH MWIHAKI ◽  
NGUMBAU VERONICAH MUTELE ◽  
WEI NENG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
The World ◽  
Aerial Stem ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
A New Species

Polygonatum Miller (1754: without pagination) is characterized by thick fleshy creeping sympodial rhizomes with elongated aerial stem and fleshy berries (Tamura et al. 1997). This genus contains 60 or more species in the world and widely distributed in the warm-temperate to boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere with five species in Europe and three species in North America and concentrated (about 50 species) in East Asia (from Russia and Japan to Himalaya) (Tang 1978, Conran & Tamura 1998, Chen & Tamura 2000, Utech 2002, Judd 2003, Ohara et al. 2007). Chen & Tamura (2000) recognized 39 species for China, 20 of them being endemic to the country (see also Tang 1978). Since then, Floden (2014) and Zhao & He (2014) described two new taxa, both from Yunnan, China.

scholarly journals Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Lemon Verbena

Abstract Aloysia citrodora is a shrub native to Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay that has been extensively introduced in tropical and warm temperate regions as an aromatic, ornamental and medicinal plant. It is often planted in gardens and as a potted plant. It has escaped from cultivation and also grows spontaneously after cultivation. This species has the capability to spread by seeds and vegetatively from stem fragments or cuttings. Currently, A. citrodora is listed as invasive in Cuba and South Africa, and it can be found naturalized in a wide range of habitats and regions around the world. It is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds.

scholarly journals Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
The West ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Infertile Soils ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract Paspalum notatum is a perennial grass which is native to South America, and according to some authors native to Central America and the West Indies as well. It is widely naturalized in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world where it has often been introduced to be used as a forage, for erosion control and as an ornamental and lawn grass. It is well adapted to a wide range of climates and soil types, including poor infertile soils. It spreads by seeds and vegetatively by stolons and rhizomes, and once established it grows forming dense mats of stolons, rhizomes and a thick root system that inhibit the growth and establishment of other plant species. It is very persistent and competitive, and tolerates drought, sporadic flooding, and continuous grazing; it has the potential to continue dominating pastures decades after abandonment (Violi, 2000; Cook et al., 2005; Useful Tropical Plants, 2018; Newman et al., 2014; Heuzé and Tran, 2016).

scholarly journals Long-term suction measurements in Greece & Cyprus. A continuous update

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Michael Bardanis ◽  
Dimitrios Loukidis
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Warm Temperate

The occurrence of unsaturated soils in the field has been well documented worldwide by measurements of the degree of saturation on samples taken during geotechnical investigations. On the other hand, the suction of unsaturated soils in the field, especially as part of long-term measurements, is documented very rarely and references on the subject are very few and for very few places around the world. The scarceness of this kind of measurements denies researchers perception of the anticipated suction and its possible loss or retention as a result of climatic conditions, especially in countries with warm temperate climate. Suction measurements from temporary and permanent stations in Greece and Cyprus are presented in the paper. From these -admittedly few-measurements until today, the large magnitude of suction that may occur both during summer and winter is presented, along with the possibility of long periods of these suctions being maintained. Another consequence is the range of suction values that sensors should be able to measure in regions of similar climatic conditions in order to cover the range of expected values as obtained from the measurements available so far.

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