Melampsora lini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract A description is provided for Melampsora lini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Linum usitatissimum, L. catharticum and other species of Linum. The American Aecidium lini Dearness & House on L. virginianum differs from M. lini in having cupulate, not caeomoid, aecia. DISEASE: Flax rust. Characterized by light-yellow to orange-yellow sori containing pycnia and aecia on leaves and stems early in the growing season, followed by reddish-yellow uredia on leaves, stems and capsules during the growing season, and later, brown to black telia covered by the epidermis, chiefly on the stems. Causes serious damage to flax by weakening and disfiguring the fibres and reduces the quality and yield of linseed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North and South America. (CMI Map 68, 2nd Ed.) TRANSMISSION: Sporidia produced in the spring from teliospores over-wintering on crop refuse are the most common source of primary inoculum. Teliospores may also be carried on fragments of infected host tissue with the seed. Volunteer flax plants, including some wild species, may also serve as important sources of infection (Millikan, 1951), and provide a means of over-wintering of the uredial stage in New Zeland (32: 79).

Ustilago bullata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Leaf Distortion ◽  
Infection Hypha

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago bullata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Agropyron, Bromus, Brachypodium, Elymus, Festuca, Hordeum, Sitanion. DISEASE: Causes head smut of grasses particularly species of Bromus and Agropyron. Sori develop at the base of spikelets and usually involve the ovary but glumes are usually unaffected, phyllody of floral parts also occurs. Latent infection with very reduced sori production can also occur. Infected seedlings show stunting and poor survival, older plants show slow growth rate and leaf distortion has been observed (56, 265). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North and South America, W. Asia (USSR, Poland, Iraq), India, Kenya, Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Teliospores are released from the inflorescence sori to contaminate soil and seed. Teliospores have remained viable (in artificial storage) for 12 years. Germination results in the production of a metabasidium and sporidia, plasmogamy then produces a dikaryotic infection hypha. Seedlings and older shoots become infected, the former producing completely infected plants, but the latter producing separately diseased tillers (see Falloon, 1979).

Puccinia leveillei. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia leveillei. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Geranium spp. DISEASE: Rust of geranium. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Malawi) Asia (India); Europe; North and South America.

Erynia neoaphidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wilding
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Erynia Neoaphidis ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract A description is provided for Erynia neoaphidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae); records from Blissus spp., Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and Chlorina furcifera (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably world wide; recorded from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America and Australasia.

Stemphylium sarciniforme. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Gram Blight

Abstract A description is provided for Stemphylium sarciniforme. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Predominantly on the leaves of Trifolium. DISEASE: Target or pepper spot of clover (Trifolium) where it may infect 80% of the leaves (52, 3740). Also recorded as causing gram blight of Cicer arietinum (54, 1076; 53, 751). Reports of its occurrence on Lupinus luteus (57, 568) may be confusing this species with Stemphylium globuliferum or S. botryosum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread wherever clover is grown. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America (see CMI Map 139, ed. 3, 1977). TRANSMISSION: By air currents and seed (24, 42; 44, 471).

Puccinia allii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Puccinia Allii

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia allii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Allium ampeloprasum, A. ascalonicum, A. cepa, A. chinense, A. fistulosum, A. porrum, A. sativum, A. schoenoprasum, A. tuberosum, A. ursinum and many other species of Allium. DISEASE: Rust on leaves and stems of chives, garlic, Japanese bunching or Welsh onion, leek, onion, rakkyo and shallot. Leaves may be killed in severe infections. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North and South America (CMI Map 400, 1963 and Herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen may overwinter in the uredio stage on wild plants in America. There is also a record of interception in the United States on garlic imported from Israel (37: 760). Records of seed transmission on leek and garlic have been made (11: 255; 30: 401) but this is thought to be of minor importance (Noble et al., 1958).

CDC Plava oilseed flax

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Booker ◽  
Gordon Rowland ◽  
Hadley R. Kutcher ◽  
khalid Y. rashid
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Maturity Rating ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
High Seed Yield

CDC Plava oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), registered in 2015 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is targeted to the shorter growing season, Dark Brown, Black, Grey, and Dark Grey soil zones of the Northern Prairies. This cultivar has a high seed yield (106%) compared with cultivar (cv.) CDC Bethune and a medium maturity rating equal to cv. Prairie Thunder. It has medium oil content (47.0%), alpha-linolenic acid content (57.8%), seed size (6.1 g thousand seed weight, TSW), and good lodging resistance. It is resistant to North American races of rust caused by Melampsora lini, and moderately resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini.

The Genus Tachardina (Lacciferidae, Coccidae) in Southern Africa

1935 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Far East ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Groups ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Such knowledge as we have of the family Lacciferidae is very largely embodied in an excellent monograph published in 1923 and 1925 by J. C. Chamberlin (Bull. Ent. Res. 14, pp. 147–212 and 16, pp. 31–41). The comparatively speaking limited geographical distribution of the various generic groups is well brought out in this monograph. Thus, for instance, the genera Tachardiella and Austrotachardiella are apparently confined to North and South America, Metatachardia to Ceylon, Austrotachardia to Australia, Tachardia to India and the Far East. Chamberlin further states (p. 149) “ in general it may be said that the species of this group are tropical or sub-tropical, apparently reaching their greatest abundance in regions of limited rainfall.” How far this comparatively limited and well-defined zonal distribution of the various genera will hold good as further material is collected will prove of the greatest interest.

Pseudomonas tabaci. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Windy Weather ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas tabaci. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On at least 12 species of Nicotiana, as well as Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Physalis grandiflora, Solanum melongena, S. nigrum and S. tuberosum (3: 611). Also infects plants belonging to numerous families, including some monocotyledons, when inoculated. The pathogen has been found naturally infecting various weeds (15: 613, 750), on the roots of weeds and crop plants without producing disease (21: 540) and associated with soyabean leaf pustule (29: 586: 35: 640). DISEASE: Wildfire of tobacco, a leaf spot. Chloroti spots appear and as they enlarge the centres become brown and dead and are surrounded by a wide chlorotic halo caused by the spread of a toxin into the adjacent tissue. Angular leaf spot, caused by P. angulata and does not produce the toxin shows no haloes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in parts of Africa,. Asia, Europe, North and South America (CMI Map 293, 1954). Additional reports include those from Nyasaland (Malawi) (41: 7), Morocco (42: 631), U.S.S.R. (37: 738; 40: 51:), Belgium (34: 345), Greece (34: 108; 40: 649), Poland (41: 568). and Colombia (33: 82). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen can overwinter and be carried into new areas on seed, in soil and in unrotted plant material, particularly if dry (3: 105, 611, 612; 15: 179). It can also live saprophytically for long periods on the roots of various crops and weeds in the absence of tobacco (21: 540). The bacteria spread rapidly in water droplets in wet, windy weather (2: 345; 15: 537). Various other agents may spread the disease, particularly when plants are wet. The chewing of infected leaf by workers has also been suggested as a means of spread (3: 612).

scholarly journals A review of the fossil record of caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophionomorpha) with comments on its use to calibrate molecular timetrees

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-755
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Otávio Santos ◽  
Michel Laurin ◽  
Hussam Zaher
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Major Taxon ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract Gymnophiona, popularly known as caecilians, the most poorly known major taxon of extant amphibians, are elongate and limbless tetrapods, with compact ossified skulls and reduced eyes, mainly adapted to fossorial life as adults. Caecilians are poorly represented in the fossil record, but despite the scarcity of fossil specimens described (only four named taxa, in addition to indeterminate fragmentary material), their fossils play a key role in our knowledge of the origin and evolution of Lissamphibia, as well as contribute directly to a better understanding of the phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of extant gymnophionan taxa. These records are scattered throughout geological time (from the Jurassic to the sub-Recent) and space (North and South America and Africa). Here, we revisit the caecilian fossil record, providing a brief description of all known extinct taxa described so far, along with general remarks about their impact on systematics, time range, and geographical distribution of the clade, as well as prospects for future research. Possible calibration constraints based on the caecilian fossil record are provided.

Leptosphaeria coniothyrium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New Records ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leptosphaeria Coniothyrium ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Cane Blight

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria coniothyrium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Rosa and Rubus spp. and a wide range of hosts which it attacks as a wound parasite or saprophyte. DISEASES: Cane blight of raspberry, boysenberry, blackberry (43, 798; 56, 753; 56, 5722); graft canker of roses (49, 3349). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Asia, Australasia & Oceania, Europe, North and South America, Central America and West Indies (CMI Map 185, ed. 3, 1978). New records not mapped are: Africa (Egypt, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Zambia); Asia (Bangladesh, Burma, Israel, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Turkey); South America (Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By air, soil and waterborne-conidia (28, 340). Infection through wounds caused by mechanical injury, pruning or hailstones (39, 426; 52, 1753g; 56, 5721; 57, 4554).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document