Hendersonula toruloidea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mandarin Orange

Abstract A description is provided for Hendersonula toruloidea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts including Acacia spp., Agave sisalana, Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Citrus spp., Dioscorea spp., Ficus carica, Furcraea spp., Hevea brasiliensis, Ipomoea batatas, Juglans regia, Juglans hindsii, Malus pumila, Mangifera indica, Manihot utilissima, Melia azedarach, Morus alba, Musa spp., Liriodendron bipinnatifidum, Pithecolobium dulce, Plumeria acutifolia, Populus alba, Prunus spp., Psidium guajava, Sansevieria spp., Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium alexandrinum, Trigonella spp., Vitis vinifera (Browne, 1968 and Herb. IMI). Also pathogenic to man (Gentles & Evans, 1970). DISEASE: On plants: Causing branch wilt of fig, grapevine and walnut; dieback of apple, grapefruit, mulberry, stone fruit and walnut; canker of grapefruit, mandarin orange and mulberry; gummosis of apple, fig, grapefruit, mandarin orange, poplar and walnut; fruit rot of Cavendish banana and orange (on inoculation); associated with a rot of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) in U.K. following inoculation with roots of potato naturally infected with Phoma exigua (Herb. IMI) and a storage rot of yam (Dioscorea spp.) in Nigeria (45, 3254). On man: The fungus has been isolated in U.K. from infections of feet and/or toe-nails of former residents of the tropics (Gentles & Evans, 1970). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania), Asia (Cyprus, India, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan); North America (U.S.A. : California); Central America and the West Indies (Jamaica); Europe (U.K.). TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne spores. A wound parasite of fig (43, 2007), grapefruit (34: 365), grapevine (46, 2590), mulberry (35: 647) and of banana and orange fruit (43, 1716). Germinating conidia penetrate walnut branches only through breaks in the periderm (43, 884u) especially cracks caused by sun scorch (35: 495; 44, 1757b). Hail damage also predisposes fig to branch wilt (43, 2007).

Pythium oligandrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rheum Rhaponticum ◽  
Lathyrus Odoratus ◽  
Cucumis Sativa

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium oligandrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ananas comosus, Antirrhinum majus, Beta vulgaris, Brassica oleracea, Carthamus tinctorius, Citrullus vulgaris, Citrus sp., Cucumis sativa, Cucurbita pepo, Daucus carota, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Ipomoea batatas, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malus pumila, Papaver rhocas, Persea gratissima, Phaseolus acutifolium, P. vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Prunus amygdalus, Rheum rhaponticum, Stipa sp., Triticum aestivum, Viola tricolor and in soil and compost. DISEASES: Causing damping-off of seedlings, also stem and root rot of a wide range of plants including peas, beans, sweet potato, tomato, rhubarb, sugar beet, sweet peas, pansy and wheat. Also associated with a fruit rot of cucumber and water melon. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (South Africa), Asia (Israel); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii); Europe (Cyprus, Great Britain, Italy); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pokkah Boeng ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On several hosts of economic importance in the Gramineae; also on a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Iridaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae, Palmae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sterculiaceae (14: 708; 31: 515; 36: 501; 40: 89 and Herb. IMI). DISEASES: Causes a seedling blight, and root, stalk and kernel rot of maize; also on heads and stalks of sorghum associated with a foot and stem rot, and causing a stem rot and top rot of sugar-cane ('pokkah boeng'). Other records include a wilt of Crotalaria, a heart rot of leaves of banana and Manila hemp, and fruit rot of banana, cacao and pineapple. There appear to be no references to pathogenicity to rice. Also entomogenous on cereal stem borer larvae and other insects (27: 71; 33: 382; 38: 141, 740). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika, Uganda); Asia (Formosa (Taiwan), Hong Kong, India, Java, Indo-China, Philippines, Syria); Australasia (Hawaii, New South Wales, New Zealand, Victoria); Europe (Czechoslovakia, Germany,? Italy, Poland, Romania); Central America & West Indies (French Antilles, Honduras, Trinidad); North America (Canada, United States); South America (Argentina, Peru). (CMI Map 191). TRANSMISSION: Both seed and soil-borne. Air-borne ascospores produced from perithecia on over-wintered plant debris or on dead stalks of sugar-cane at the beginning of the rainy season are also important sources of infection (30: 344). The pathogen may also be disseminated on pupae and adults of cereal stem borers and their parasites in sugar-cane (33: 382).

Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of host plants comprising 58 families including: avocado, castor, Cinchona spp., citrus, cotton, eggplant, guava, lucerne, papaw, parsley, pineapple, Piper betle, rhubarb, sesame, strawberry, tomato. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings (tomato, castor, citrus, cotton); root rot (citrus, avocado, strawberry, lucerne); crown rot (parsley, rhubarb, strawberry, lucerne); brown stem rot of tobacco; stem canker and tip blight of Cinchona spp. ; leaf blight (castor, sesame, pineapple, Piper betle) and fruit rot (citrus, tomato, guava, papaw, eggplant). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Mali, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika); Asia (Burma, Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines); Australia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, Tasmania); Europe (Cyprus, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, U.S.S.R.); North America (Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Trinidad);. South America (Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, spreading rapidly after heavy rain or where soil remains moist or water-logged (40: 470). Also recorded in drainage water in India and in reservoirs and canals supplying citrus groves in U.S.A. (23: 45; 39: 24). A method for determining a disease potential index in soil using lemon fruit has been described (38: 4). Also present in testas of seeds from diseased citrus fruit which may infect nursery seedbeds (37: 165).

Pythium myriotylum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium myriotylum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Robinia pseudoacacia, Solanum melongena, Zingiber officinale. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings including tobacco, black locust and watermelon; seedling root rot of lucerne, papaw and tomato; soft rot of ginger rhizomes and fruit rot of watermelon, cucumber and eggplant. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common only in warm climates: Africa (Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa); Asia (Ceylon, India, Sumatra); Australasia (Australia); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Incidence reported highest in virgin soil containing abundant decomposing organic matter (37: 244). Spread by aerial mycelium under conditions of high humidity (10: 210). Transport over long distances on ginger rhizomes has been reported (22: 197).

Pythium splendens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Pythium Splendens

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium splendens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A root parasite or pseudomycorrhizal, on a variety of plants including: Aplaonema simplex, Aloe sp., Ananas comosus, Anthurium scherzerianum, Begonia spp., Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Capsicum sp., Carica papaya, Chrysanthemum sp., Citrus aurantium, Coleus sp., Cucumis sativus, Cymbidium sp., Dieffenbachia picta, Elaeis guineensis, Geranium sp., Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Ipomoea batatas, Lactuca sativa, Lilium longiflorum var. eximium, Linum usitatissimum, Manihot utilissima, Medicago saliva, Melilotus sp., Nephytis afzelii, Nicotiana tabacum, Pelargonium spp., Peperomia caperata, Phaseolus aureus, P. vulgaris, Philodendron cordatum, Pinus elliottii, Piper betle, P. methysticum, P. nigrum, Pisum sativum, Pyrus communis, Raphanus sativus, Rheum rhaponticum, Saccharum officinarum, Scindapsus aureus, Spinacia oleracea, Tithonia rotundifolia, Trifolium spp., Triticum aestivum, Vicia faba, Vigna sinesis, Zea mays. Also on the fern Platycerium grande and in nursery soil. DISEASES: Causing seed rot, pre-emergence blight and post-emergence damping-off of seedings of a large number of plants including black pepper, maize, lucerne and sweet clover; mottle necrosis of sweet potato, black stem rot of pelargonium, wilt of Betel pepper, crown rot of rhubarb; and root rot of aloe, oil palm seedlings ('blast'), Easter lily, pineapple, maize, papaw, slash pine and aroids. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: In warm temperate and sub-tropical areas: Africa (Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania), Asia (Indo China, Malaysia, Sabah, Singapore) Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia); Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal); North America (U.S.A.); Central America and West Indies (Jamaica). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne but may be spread by leaf contact (18: 113). Also widely disseminated on infected bulbs and cuttings (26: 147). Excessive soil moisture favours infection (21: 526; 32: 510). Injuries caused by nematodes (32: 510) or frost (11: 330) have also predisposed hosts to infection.

Colletotrichum capsici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum capsici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, Aristolochia, Cicer, cotton, Eggplant, jute, tomato, turmeric and many others from a wide range of families. DISEASE: Dieback, stem break, anthracnose, leaf spot, seedling blight, fruit rot (dieback of young fruits and ripe rot). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia, America and Australasia; has been recorded occasionally in Southern Europe. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne; persists in decayed fruits and other plant debris from which conidia are dispersed locally by water and air currents. No extensive growth in soil reported.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infected Plant Material

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Nicotiana (tobacco). The fungus may infect a wide range of other plants in Convolvulaceae (63, 1065) and other families, sometimes without causing wilt symptoms. DISEASE: Vascular wilt, sometimes called stem rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil (62, 525), China, Hawaii, India, Japan, Malawi, New Zealand. The disease occurs in temperate rather than tropical regions. TRANSMISSION: The fungus may survive in soil for many years as chlamydospores. Transmission may occur by means of infected plant material used for propagation, or through contaminated soil.

Phytophthora cactorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora cactorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of host plants embracing 54 families (particularly Rosaceae) and over 150 genera (Nienhaus, 1960; Rangaswami, 1962) including ash, beech, cherry, conifers, apple, pear, apricot, strawberry, cucurbits, eggplant, cacti, gooseberry, rhododendron, lilac, ginseng, rhubarb, avocado, birch, maple and oak. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings including ash, beech, cherry and conifers; fruit rot of apple, pear, apricot, strawberry (leather rot), cucurbits and eggplant; leaf and stem rot of cacti, gooseberry, rhododendron, lilac, ginseng and rhubarb; collar rot and crown rot of apple and other fruit trees stem canker of avocado, birch, maple and oak; root rots in general. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tempetate areas (CMI Map 280). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Widely distributed in soils of apple orchards affected with collar rot (35: 685; 37: 132). Strawberry fruit in unmulched beds and wind-fall apples and pears on the ground frequently become infected by contact with infested soil (4: 101; 35: 685) where the pathogen may occur to a depth of 50 cm and persist for as long as 15 yr. in ploughland previously under apple orchards (42: 75). This has been partially explained by the irregular germination of oospores which require a dormant period (Blackwell, 1943; Legge, 1952). Apple fruit and gooseberry shoot infection are most frequent on lower branches subject to rain-splash which carry zoospores (41: 49). Long periods of rain, heavy dews, fog and high soil moisture favour the spread of the pathogen (39: 250; 45, 2553; 22: 30-31; 42: 391).

Phytophthora capsici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stem And Fruit Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora capsici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A fairly wide range including Capsicum, aubergine, tomato and members of the Cucurbitaceae. DISEASE: Stem and fruit rot of Capsicum, soft rot of tomato and cucurbit fruits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Bulgaria, France, Italy, Greece, Spain, USSR), Asia (China India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey), North America (Canada, USA, Mexico), Central and South America and West Indies. (CMI Map 277, ed. 4, 1977). TRANSMISSION: By water splash, soil-borne. By direct contact between melon fruits during marketing (19, 513).

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