Pseudomonas andropogonis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Stem Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas andropogonis[Burkholderia andropogonis]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor] and its vars. sudanense, technicum, saccharatum, S. halepense and unspecified grain and grass varieties of Sorghum, Zea mays, Bougainvillea sp., Mucuna deeringiana, Trifolium repens, T. pratense, Euchlaena mexicana and Vicia saliva. The following have been infected artificially: Medicago sativa, Viciafaba, Trifolium subterraneum by spray inoculation, and Dolichos lablab, Lespedeza sp., Phaseolus vulgaris (Allen et al. ; 36, 408) and Saccharum officinarum (Elliott & Smith, 1929) after injury. DISEASE: Bacterial stripe of sorghum, bacterial leaf spot or blight of velvet bean, vetch and other legumes. usually a leaf spot disease. On species of Sorghum spots and stripes on leaves and sheaths vary in colour from reddish or purplish-brown to tan or brick red, depending on host reaction. On legumes the spots are usually small, angular, dark brown to dark reddish-brown or nearly black. Stem lesions are extensive in vetch, where they can result in death progressively from the base. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Brazil, USA, Rhodesia, Uganda, Zambia, South Africa, Nigeria, Hungary, USSR, China, Australia (NSW), Japan, Taiwan (CMI Map 495, ed. 1, 1973). TRANSMISSION: In the field transmission is by wind and rain and can lead to very rapid development of the disease if conditions remain humid. Overwintering is thought to take place in plant debris, in soil and possibly in weed hosts (42, 194). There is some observational evidence for seed transmission in Sorghum (Elliott & Smith, 1929) and in Mucuna (Allen et al, 1970). This would explain the very scattered distribution. With Bougainvillea, when the new wet season starts, the young growth is infected by rain splash from old infected leaves that have lasted over from the previous wet season, either attached or on the ground.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Olive Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial blight of sesame or simsim; known as 'Marad ed Dum' in the Sudan. Mainly a leaf spot disease, this starts as tiny dark olive green spots, which increase in size, becoming dark red-brown to black, and about 2-3 mm. They may be rounded or angular, and may coalesce to involve larger areas of leaf. Stems and capsules may also be infected, having oval, slightly raised, dark red-brown lesions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Sudan and India (CMI Map 494, ed 2, 1973) to which must be added Venezuela, now confirmed (54, 524; 56, 2615). TRANSMISSION: Within a crop by water splash, wind-driven rain etc. ; from one area to another by seed transmission (47, 593). Survival in seed is up to 16 months (51, 400), in soil up to 6 months.

Alternaria macrospora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Necrotic Spot ◽  
Stem Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria macrospora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On cotton (Gossypium spp.) and possibly on other hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cotton. On leaves a small, necrotic spot, with a purplish halo, expands to about 1 cm diam., the centre becoming grey and cracked; the zonation is more clearly defined on the upper surface. Defoliation can be severe, especially where the peduncle becomes infected (28: 65). Stem lesions begin as a small sunken spot which develops into a canker, the tissue splitting and cracking to cause a break. The glandular areas on the receptacle are also attacked and this can result in failure of the boll to develop. Flowers and bolls may be shed; the latter become mummified and the fibre attacked (20: 461; 30: 37). Boll rots can also be caused by A. gossypina (Thum.) Hopkins (17: 674; 26: 14). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, Central African Republic, Ceylon, China, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Formosa, France, French Sudan, Ghana, Guadeloupe, India, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rhodesia, Rumania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad, Uganda, Venezuela, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: No observations appear to have been reported; seed transmission is possible.

Mycosphaerella populorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Mycosphaerella Populorum

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella populorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Populus spp. DISEASE: Septoria canker, leaf spot disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America: USA (east and central states). South America: Argentina (CMI Distribution Map 540, 1981). TRANSMISSION: By windborne conidia and ascospores.

Dimeriella sacchari. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Purple Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Dimeriella sacchari. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Saccharum officinarum. DISEASE: Red leaf spot of sugarcane (purple spot). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland), Bangladesh, Cuba, Fiji, Indonesia (Java), Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, Tanzania, Trinidad.

Septoria helianthi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria helianthi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Helianthus annuus, Helianthus grosseserratus and Helianthus rigidus. DISEASE: Leaf spot of sunflower. Yellowish spots up to 1.5 cm develop over the whole lamina, gradually turning necrotic and becoming almost black. The numerous pycnidia are mostly on the adaxial surface. The lesions have a polygonal outline, being sharply delimited by the veins. Infection may begin on the cotyledons and young leaves, spreading to later developing leaves. Severe attacks lead to defoliation and loss in yield. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Fairly widespread in E. Europe and the U.S.S.R. in Asia, China, Japan, Australia (Qd.); E. and S. Africa, N. America (CMI Map 468, ed. 1, 1970). TRANSMISSION: Overwintering occurs in host debris. Seed treatment is recommended although seed transmission does not appear to have been demonstrated. Introduction of the fungus into Hungary may have been via seed (43, 2013).

Xanthomonas ricini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas ricini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ricinus communis. DISEASE: Normally a leaf spot disease in which the bacteria are confined to the parenchymatous tissues. The tiny, dark green, water-soaked spots expand and become brownish, angular and necrotic. They may coalesce to form larger necrotic areas and badly infected leaves become chlorotic and may drop. Occasionally petioles and succulent branches have minute oval or linear spots. Sabet (40, 334) obtained atypical symptoms from inoculation of buds. When the leaves opened, the main veins became infected and tissues dependent on infected veins became yellow and flaccid and finally withered. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Scattered, more or las world-wide (CMI Map 394, ed. 1, 1962). Extra references include Hong Kong (43, 345), Poland (48, 554b), Zambia and confirmation of Kenya. TRANSMISSION: Probably in wind and rain; it is rapid in wet weather. One report suggests that it is also seedborne (33, 181).

Cylindrosporium concentricum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Oil Seed ◽  
Oil Seed Rape

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrosporium concentricum[Pyrenopeziza brassicae]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Brassica spp. (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, brussel sprouts, oil seed rape, swedes). DISEASE: Light leaf spot of Brassicae. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Latvia); Asia (Japan, Philippines); Australia (South Australia, Tasmania); New Zealand. (CMI Map 193, ed. 2, 1975). TRANSMISSION: By splash-dispersed air-borne conidia. No seed transmission has been demonstrated.

Lophomerum ponticum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Rhododendron Ponticum

Abstract A description is provided for Lophomerum ponticum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Rhododendron ponticum. DISEASE: Leaf spot of rhododendron. In general Lophomerum ponticum appears to be saprophytic. Its ascocarps are usually not produced until the leaves have senesced, become detached and fallen to the litter. Occasionally, however, ascocarps can be found on browned regions of otherwise green leaves, and it seems possible, therefore, that the species is facultatively parasitic. It is important to distinguish this species from Lophodermium vagulum (CMI Descriptions 789) which is the causal agent of a leaf spot disease of chinese rhododendrons, but which does not occur on R. ponticum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Great Britain), probably much more widespread. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet or humid weather.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Botanical Extracts and Organic Compound in The Management of Leaf Spot Disease of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Caused by Pestalotia longisetula under Field Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Beautina Karki ◽  
Hom Prasad Sitaula ◽  
Sandesh Bhandari ◽  
Pramod Gairhe ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Stem Lesions

A field experiment was carried out using sweet sensation variety of strawberry to check the efficacy of different botanical extracts and organic compounds to manage leaf spot disease. The study was done using ten treatments viz; ginger (T1), turmeric (T2), garlic (T3), ginger + turmeric + garlic (T4), cow urine (T5), cow urine+ ginger + turmeric + garlic (T6), compost tea (T7), compost tea+ ginger+ turmeric+ garlic (T8), SAAF (mancozeb 63 % + carbendazim 12%) (T9) and control (T10), which was replicated thrice. The parameter observed during experiment were plant height, leaf number, disease leaves, stem lesions, yield, percent disease incidence, disease severity percent and percent disease control. At 75 days of transplantation, the highest plant height, leaf number (24.60) and yield (1391.67 gm/plot) were observed in treatment compost tea (18.14 cm), cow urine+ ginger+ turmeric+ garlic and garlic respectively and lowest in treatment control (16.19 cm, 23.27 & 566.67 gm/plot). The disease leaves and stem lesions were observed highest in treatment control (3.40&3.23) and lowest in treatments garlic (3.0), and cow urine+ ginger+ turmeric+ garlic (1.83) respectively at 75 days after transplantation. Moreover, the highest percent disease incidence and disease severity percent were observed highest in treatments control (28.94% & 84.81%) and percent disease control in treatment garlic (42.36%) at 75 days of transplantation. Therefore, it is suggested to use garlic extracts as a measure to control leaf spot disease of strawberry. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 193-202.

Xanthomonas axonopodis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Short Time

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas axonopodis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Axonopus scoparius, A. micay, A. compressus and A. affinis. Also able to infect by inoculation Digitaria decumbens, Hypharrhenia rufa, Panicum sp. (Guinea grass) and Saccharum officinarum (54, 5464). DISEASE: Gummosis of Imperial and Micay grasses, important pasture grasses in tropical America. Diseased stems usually stand out from healthy ones in the same tuft by their elongated, partly bare appearance with a few pale, yellowish leaves at their ends, giving a characteristic flag-like appearance. Closer examination shows many diseased leaves with pale stripes running parallel to the main veins. After cutting diseased Imperial grass the new shoots are feeble and twisted, and often wither in a short time. Subsequent shoots behave in the same way. In severe attacks of whole tuft may shrivel and die. Such tufts are very easily pulled from the soil. When diseased stems are cut across, especially in the rainy season, minute droplets of yellowish bacterial ooze appear in a short time. In longitudinal cuts the vascular bundles are seen to be stained reddish or brownish, especially near the nodes. Masses of bacteria and mucilage are found in vessels when examined under the microscope. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Mainly by machete and other agricultural implements. Cattle can infect young shoots when grazing, evidently transmitting the bacteria in their saliva. Trampling by cattle and man and the passage of wheeled vehicles can also transmit the disease, and rain splash can carry infection from the exudate of recently cut stems. Insect transmission is not thought to be important and the bacteria do not survive free in the soil (46, 666). Seed transmission is also thought to occur (43, 2799c).

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