Melampsora medusae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Incremental Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Melampsora medusae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Coniferae, especially Larix and Pseudotsuga, less commonly on Pinus and other genera (Ziller, 1965). Uredinia and telia on species of Populus, especially Populus deltoides, and its varieties and hybrids P. balsamifera, P. nigra var. italica and others. Its exact host range on species of Populus is not known due to confusion with other species of Melampsora and to uncertainty in the reported identity of some species of Populus and clones (Walker, Hartigan & Bertus, 1974). DISEASE: Leaf rust of poplars, causing severe leaf damage and early defoliation on susceptible species and clones. Continued defoliation of successive flushes of growth predisposes trees to winter injury and dieback (Peace, 1962) and can cause death of trees, especially nursery stock and trees 1-2 yr old (25, 204; 47, 241; Walker Haitigan & Bertus, 1974). Reduction in incremental growth of timber occurs with susceptible varieties. Some damage can occur to the conifer hosts. It is often severe on Pseudotsuga menziesii (45, 459; 47, 126) and in nurseries Pinus spp. and Larix spp. can be heavily attacked (Ziller, 1965). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Japan); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (France, Spain). Reports of Melampsora spp. on poplars (including P. deltoides and P. canadensis) from South America (Argentina, 21, 173), Uruguay (Lindquist & de Rosengurtt, 1967) may refer in part to M. medusae. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne urediniospores, often over long distances (suspected from eastern Australia to New Zealand). Urediniospores survive the winter in milder climates on semi-evergreen lines and on green sucker growth of deciduous trees. This is probably the main method of overwintering in the Southern Hemisphere and in warmer parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The possibility of bud carryover as occurs with M. epitea on Salix in Iceland (Jorstad, 1951) and the Canadian Arctic (Savile, 1972) should be investigated. Telia survive the winter and basidiospores formed in spring infect susceptible conifers in parts of the Northern Hemisphere (Ziller, 1965) but no conifer infection has so far been found in Australia.

Melampsora larici-populina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Timber Growth ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Melampsora larici-populina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Larix, especially L. decidua and L. leptolepis. Uredinia and telia on Populus spp., especially P. nigra and its varieties and hybrids, P. balsamifera, P. yunnanensis and others. Its exact host range on Populus spp. is not clear due to confusion with other species of Melampsora and to uncertainty in the reported identity of some species of Populus and clones. DISEASE: Leaf rust of poplars, causing severe leaf damage and early defoliation on susceptible hosts. Defoliation can sometimes occur two or three times in the season, each defoliation being followed by a new growth flush. These successive defoliations lead to winter injury and dieback (Peace, 1962) and a reduction in incremental timber growth can occur. Rust damage also renders some varieties more susceptible to Dothichiza dieback (39, 57) caused by Cryptodiaporthe populea (CMI Descript. 364). Poplars vary greatly in their reaction to infection and some clones show useful resistance (39, 57; 42, 347; 43, 498, 551; 47 129; Steenackers, 1972). Seasonal conditions may influence the reaction of some varieties (45, 402). On larch (Larix) hosts, the damage is negligible (Peace, 1962). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (North Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa), South America (Argentina, Chile, Colombia); Asia (Israel, Korea, Japan), Australasia and Oceania (Australia, New Zealand), Europe (widespread; reported specifically for Britain, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, USSR). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne urediniospores, often over long distances (suspected from eastern Australia to New Zealand). In Japan, urediniospores produced in autumn can remain viable and pathogenic until the following spring (41, 745), and in milder climates they can survive on semi-evergreen lines and on green sucker growth of deciduous trees. This is the main method of overwintering in Australia. In the Northern Hemisphere, overwintered telia give rise to basidia and basidiospores which may cause inconspicuous spring infections on Larix.

Scirrhia pini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Infected Material

Abstract A description is provided for Scirrhia pini[Mycosphaerella pini]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pines including Pinus radiata and its hybrids, P. halepensis, P. canariensis, P. carbaea, P. ponderosa, P. nigra and others, Pseudotsuga menziesii (46, 2860), Larix decidua (49, 273). DISEASE: Dothistroma blight; red band. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, USA including Alaska), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay), Australasia and Oceania (New Zealand), Asia (Brunei, India, Japan), Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda), Europe (Austria, France, Rumania, UK, USSR (Republic of Georgia), Yugoslavia) (CMI Map 419, ed. 2, 1970; record in CMI Herbarium). TRANSMISSION: By airborne conidia released and dispersed by a splash take-off mechanism for short distances. Long distance dispersal may be by transport of infected material, such as nursery stock and, under special conditions, clouds may carry sporal inoculum (43, 2100). Survival time of inoculum in the form of cast, infected foliage on the forest floor is limited to 2-6 months under moist conditions (50, 2003).

Melampsora medusae. [Distribution map].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Populus Spp

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Melampsora medusae Thum. Hosts: Populus spp. and conifers. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Japan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand (N. Island), EUROPE, France (S.), Spain, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (British Columbia), USA (widespread in N.E.), SOUTH AMERICA, Chile.

The genusMycoblastusin the cool temperate Southern Hemisphere, with special reference to Tasmania

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras KANTVILAS
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Campbell Island ◽  
South Eastern Australia

AbstractThe genusMycoblastusin cool temperate latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is reviewed. Eight species are treated in detail:M. bryophilusImshaug ex Kantvilas sp. nov., from Campbell Island and Tasmania;M. campbellianus(Nyl.) Zahlbr.,M. coniophorus(Elix & A.W. Archer) Kantvilas & Elix comb. nov. andM. dissimulans(Nyl.) Zahlbr., all widespread across the austral region;M. disporus(C. Knight) Kantvilas comb. nov., from New Zealand and Tasmania;M. kalioruberKantvilas sp. nov, from Tasmania;M. sanguinarioidesKantvilas sp. nov., from Tasmania and south-eastern Australia; andM. leprarioidesKantvilas & Elix sp. nov., from south-eastern Australia (Victoria). Notes are provided on many other species ofMycoblastus, including those recognised for the Northern Hemisphere, and those originally described from austral regions but now excluded from the genus. Major characters of the genus are discussed, including thallus morphology and chemistry, apothecial pigments and ascus structure. It is suggested that the genus is heterogeneous and that some of its closest affinities may lie with the familyMegalariaceaeand the genusJapewia.

A revision of the genera Galeolaria and Pyrgopolon (Polychaeta: Serpulidae), with discussions on opercular insertion as a character in their taxonomy and relationships, and their zoogeography

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2060 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. GOTTFRIED PILLAI
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Caribbean

While earlier works have shown that the operculum is inserted in the position of the first or second branchial radiole in serpulimorph taxa, the present paper shows that it is inserted independently of the branchial radioles of both sides in the genera Galeolaria and Pyrgopolon. Although both genera possess several characters in common with the group consisting of Pomatoleios, Pomatoceros and Spirobranchus, a cladistic analysis revealed that they form two distinct clades, as sister groups to each other. Extant species of Pyrgopolon occur mainly in the Caribbean region, and of Galeolaria in eastern Australia and New Zealand. However, there is palaeontological evidence indicating that fossil species of Pyrgopolon had a wider geographical distribution, having existed in Europe during geological times.

Geographical distribution of electrophoretically detected protein variation in Australian commercial fishes. I. Jack mackeral, Trachurus declivis Jenyns

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Richardson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Jack Mackerel ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Protein Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Eight polymorphic loci were detected in a survey for electrophoretically detectable protein variation, carried out using liver samples from the Australian jack mackerel, T. declivis. The distribution of gene and genotype frequencies in sample sets from different areas shows that distinct subpopulations of the species occur in Western Australia and in New Zealand and that two or more geographically overlapping but genetically distinct subpopulations occur in the waters around south-eastern Australia.

Seiridium cardinale. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Seiridium Cardinale ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana

Abstract A description is provided for Seiridium cardinale. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cupressus macrocarpa, C. lusitanica, C. forbesii, C. pygamaea, C. sempervirens, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Thuja plicata, Libocedrus decurrens, Juniperus decurrens var. femina. DISEASE: Coryneum canker of Cupressus. The first sign of infection consists of a depressed, slightly discoloured area of young bark about 10-15 mm diam., exuding fresh drops of resin. This will enlarge, becoming necrotic in the centre, with collapse of these tissues and hypertrophy at the end of the canker thus formed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia & Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); North America (USA; California); South America (Argentina); Africa (South Africa); Europe (Italy, France, Spain, Greece). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by conidia which are liberated from acervuli at the edge of active cankers by a splash take-off sequence. Transmission by transport of infected nursery stock to fresh planting areas has occurred.

Geographical distribution of electrophoretically detected protein variation in Australian commercial fishes. II. Jackass morwong, Cheilodactylus macropterus Bloch & Schneider

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Richardson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Glucosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Protein Variation ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Population Structuring

The presence of genetic polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), phosphoglucomutase, adenosine deaminase and glucosephosphate isomerase in the jackass morwong, or tarakihi, and the distribution of the variation in the fish stocks in the waters of south- eastern Australia are described. Although the Australian and New Zealand stocks are genetically distinct, no evidence of population structuring was found in Australian waters.

Cochliobolus cynodontis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bermuda Grass

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus cynodontis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cynodon dactylon (very common on this host), other Cynodon spp., Agropyron, Ammi, Arecastrum, Axonopus, Calathea, Chamaedorea, Chrysalidocarpus, Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Hordeum, Ipomoea, Lycopersicon, Muhlenbergia, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Poa, Rhapis, Secale and Zea. DISEASE: Leafspot of Bermuda grass end other crops, leaf blight end brown patches of turf, lawns end golflinks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, India, Israel, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Spain, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Trinidad, Turkey, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

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