Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Prosopis Velutina ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Noxious Weed

Abstract P. velutina was widely introduced around the world intentionally, due to its value as a fuel/fodder species and also an ornamental in some regions. It was widely used by native Amerindians as a source of poles and fuels, and the pods were a valuable source of human and animal nutrition. The month of the year when pods were harvested was commonly named after the tree, indicating its importance. However, its has also spread, both in its native range and where introduced, and its infamy as an invasive species has lead to several governments banning further importation of planting stock, and the risk of introduction is perceived as low. P. velutina is a declared noxious weed in Australia and South Africa, and the genus as a whole is regulated in several other countries. Losses to the livestock industry from P. velutina invasion in its native range, although much less than that caused by the invasion of P. glandulosa, are still considerable. The thorns can also cause injury to livestock, and consumption of the pods, when they may up the bulk of the animal's diet, can lead to ill health and even death. A similar situation to that of the south-western USA exists in Australia and South Africa, where P. velutina is a major weed of rangelands.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

scholarly journals Soft Touch or Heavy Hand? Legislative Approaches for Preventing Invasions: Insights from Cacti in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Novoa ◽  
Haylee Kaplan ◽  
Sabrina Kumschick ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
David M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe rate of transportation, introduction, dissemination, and spread of nonnative species is increasing despite growing global awareness of the extent and impact of biological invasions. Effective policies are needed to prevent an increase in the significant negative environmental and economic impacts caused by invasive species. Here we explore this issue in the context of the history of invasion and subsequent regulation of cacti introduced to South Africa. We consider seven approaches to restricting trade by banning the following: (1) species already invasive in the region, (2) species invasive anywhere in the world, (3) species invasive anywhere in the world with a climate similar to the target region, (4) genera containing invasive species, (5) growth forms associated with invasiveness, (6) cacti with seed characteristics associated with invasiveness, and (7) the whole family. We evaluate each approach on the basis of the availability and complexity of information required for implementation, including the cost of the research needed to acquire such information, the likely numbers of false positives and false negatives, the likely degree of public acceptance, and the costs of implementation. Following a consultative process, we provide recommendations for how to regulate nonnative cacti in South Africa. The simplest option would be to ban all cacti, but available evidence suggests that most species pose negligible risk of becoming invasive, making this option unreasonable. The other extreme—reactively regulating species once they are invasive—would incur significant control costs, likely result in significant environmental and economic impacts, and limit management goals (e.g., eradication might be unfeasible). We recommended an intermediate option—the banning of all genera containing invasive species. This recommendation has been partly incorporated in South African regulations. Our study emphasizes the importance of scientific research, a legal framework, and participation of stakeholders in assessments. This approach builds awareness, trust, and support, and ensures that all interests are reflected in final regulations, making them easier to implement and enforce.

Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gassmann ◽  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The Usa

Abstract L. vulgaris is a perennial flowering plant with a spreading root system. It forms dense mats which can compete with crops and suppress native vegetation, reducing pasture productivity and/or biodiversity (ISSG, 2015). Native to temperate areas of Europe and Asia, it has been widely introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and is regarded as noxious in many of these countries. By inclusion in indexes of invasive species it is regarded as invasive widely in Canada and in the USA (Alberta Invasive Species Council, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015). L. vulgaris received an invasive index of 69 (out of a maximum of 100) in Alaska, USA (ANHP, 2011). It is also regarded as invasive within its native range in Serbia (Dzigurski and Nikolic, 2014).

Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana M. Sarfraz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The World

Abstract The diamondback moth (DBM) is one of the most studied insect pests in the world, yet it is among the 'leaders' of the most difficult pests to control. It was the first crop insect reported to develop resistance to microbial Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides, and has shown resistance to almost every insecticide, including the most recent groups such as diamide. DBM is a highly invasive species. It may have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and is considered to be the most universally distributed Lepidoptera. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions, countries and continents. Immature stages also hitchhike on plant parts and can establish in new areas. DBM costs the global economy an estimated US$4 -5 billion annually, but its impacts on local biodiversity and habitats in exotic ranges are unknown.

scholarly journals Ghosts from the past: even comprehensive sampling of the native range may not be enough to unravel the introduction history of invasive species—the case of Acacia dealbata invasions in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hirsch ◽  
Maria L. Castillo ◽  
Fiona A. C. Impson ◽  
Catharina Kleinjan ◽  
David M. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Momordica balsamina is native to South Africa and tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Arabia, India and Australia. It is a trailing or climbing annual or perennial tendril-bearing herb. Introduced in parts of the Neotropics and North America and Pakistan, M. balsamina has been introduced intentionally, occurring in the wild as an escapee from cultivation. This species is used for medicinal purposes. M. balsamina is reported as an invasive species in India. It is very invasive in northern Australia, where it is found in highly disturbed habitats, outcompeting native vegetation. In Florida, gardeners have reported it as a noxious weed in gardens and allotments.

scholarly journals Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract M. jalapa is a perennial herb in tropical and subtropical regions (Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). It is an annual in temperate climates (Dave's Garden, 2016). It has been introduced into various continents as an ornamental since the 1500's (Le Duc, 1995; Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). The species is listed as invasive in Asia (China, Indonesia, Maldives, Philippines), Africa (Kenya, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda), South America (Chile, Ecuador) and Oceania (Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Hawaii-USA, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Pitcairn, Tonga, US Minor Outlying Islands) (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Invasive Species South Africa, 2016; PIER, 2016). Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) consider it a species with the potential of becoming invasive in Cuba. It has also been separately reported as invasive in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia. Although its popularity has decreased (Flora of India, 2015; Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017), the species is still popular in some countries and it is available from nurseries and over the internet worldwide (Fuentes Fiallo et al., 2001; Dave's Garden, 2016; Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). The species has a high reproductive potential as it can re-seed easily and propagate vegetatively through its tuberous roots (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Invasive Species South Africa, 2016). M. jalapa is cited as not having a weed potential (PFAF, 2016), but also as an environmental weed, a "sleeper weed" or as a possible noxious weed (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Dave's Garden; 2016). It can escape from gardens into nearby areas and will naturalise in disturbed areas (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016).

Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Scotch Broom ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
The World ◽  
Perennial Shrub

Abstract C. scoparius is a perennial shrub that has been widely commercialized as an ornamental in temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It is a prolific seeder that escaped from cultivation and has become an invasive species and a serious weed in temperate areas of the United States, Canada, Hawaii, Chile and Argentina, the eastern halves of both islands of New Zealand, Australia (including Tasmania), India, Iran, Japan and South Africa (Holm et al., 1979; Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992; Hosking et al., 1998; Peterson and Prasad, 1998; Isaacson, 2000). C. scoparius is an aggressive fast-growing invader with the capability to grow forming dense impenetrable monospecific stands that degrade native grasslands, forests, rangelands, and agricultural lands; prevent the regeneration of natural forests and prairies; and create fire hazards (Syrett et al., 1999; USDA-NRCS, 2016). Because of its association with nitrogen fixing bacteria, it is very competitive in areas with poor soils and can alter the nutrient cycling of invaded areas (Peterson and Prasad, 1998).

scholarly journals Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Momordica balsamina is native to South Africa and tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Arabia, India and Australia. It is a trailing or climbing annual or perennial tendril-bearing herb. Introduced in parts of the Neotropics and North America and Pakistan, M. balsamina has been introduced intentionally, occurring in the wild as an escapee from cultivation. This species is used for medicinal purposes. M. balsamina is reported as an invasive species in India. It is very invasive in northern Australia, where it is found in highly disturbed habitats, outcompeting native vegetation. In Florida, gardeners have reported it as a noxious weed in gardens and allotments.

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