scholarly journals Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract M. jalapa is a perennial herb in tropical and subtropical regions (Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). It is an annual in temperate climates (Dave's Garden, 2016). It has been introduced into various continents as an ornamental since the 1500's (Le Duc, 1995; Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). The species is listed as invasive in Asia (China, Indonesia, Maldives, Philippines), Africa (Kenya, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda), South America (Chile, Ecuador) and Oceania (Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Hawaii-USA, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Pitcairn, Tonga, US Minor Outlying Islands) (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Invasive Species South Africa, 2016; PIER, 2016). Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) consider it a species with the potential of becoming invasive in Cuba. It has also been separately reported as invasive in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia. Although its popularity has decreased (Flora of India, 2015; Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017), the species is still popular in some countries and it is available from nurseries and over the internet worldwide (Fuentes Fiallo et al., 2001; Dave's Garden, 2016; Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). The species has a high reproductive potential as it can re-seed easily and propagate vegetatively through its tuberous roots (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Invasive Species South Africa, 2016). M. jalapa is cited as not having a weed potential (PFAF, 2016), but also as an environmental weed, a "sleeper weed" or as a possible noxious weed (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Dave's Garden; 2016). It can escape from gardens into nearby areas and will naturalise in disturbed areas (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016).

scholarly journals Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Argyreia Nervosa ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A. nervosa is a liana from the tropics and sub-tropics, reported as invasive in Reunion, Hawaii (USA), Cuba, Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga, but with little information about the invasiveness of the species or its effects on habitats and native species in these countries (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; PIER, 2016). In Cuba it is reported as a transformer and invasive species (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). In Queensland, Australia it is reported as thriving around Townsville and rampaging around Cooktown. It is also reported as an environmental weed in Australia (PIER, 2016), where it is an aggressive invader of rainforest and other tropical forest communities in northern Queensland (Weeds of Australia, 2016).

scholarly journals Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Fleshy Fruits ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
St Helena

Abstract B. madagascariensis is a shrub native to Madagascar that has been introduced outside its native range as an ornamental and hedge plant (USDA-ARS, 2016). This species has escaped from cultivation and once naturalized it behaves as an aggressive invader principally in ruderal and heavily disturbed areas (Starr et al., 2003; GISD, 2016). Its rapid growth enables it to form dense impenetrable thickets that outcompete and displace native vegetation. In addition to its aggressive growth, this species produces fleshy fruits with numerous seeds that can be easily dispersed by birds and other animals. While seeds are not produced in some areas, the ability of this species to regenerate from stem fragments allows dispersal to distant locations as stem fragments can be carried by animals (i.e., birds and livestock), humans, vehicles, and waterways (Starr et al., 2003; Norman, 2012; GISD, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). Currently it has been listed as invasive in Bermuda, South Africa, St Helena, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii and Australia (MacKee, 1994; Wagner et al., 1999; Kairo et al., 2003; Henderson, 2007; GISD, 2016; PIER, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016).

Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Prosopis Velutina ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Noxious Weed

Abstract P. velutina was widely introduced around the world intentionally, due to its value as a fuel/fodder species and also an ornamental in some regions. It was widely used by native Amerindians as a source of poles and fuels, and the pods were a valuable source of human and animal nutrition. The month of the year when pods were harvested was commonly named after the tree, indicating its importance. However, its has also spread, both in its native range and where introduced, and its infamy as an invasive species has lead to several governments banning further importation of planting stock, and the risk of introduction is perceived as low. P. velutina is a declared noxious weed in Australia and South Africa, and the genus as a whole is regulated in several other countries. Losses to the livestock industry from P. velutina invasion in its native range, although much less than that caused by the invasion of P. glandulosa, are still considerable. The thorns can also cause injury to livestock, and consumption of the pods, when they may up the bulk of the animal's diet, can lead to ill health and even death. A similar situation to that of the south-western USA exists in Australia and South Africa, where P. velutina is a major weed of rangelands.

scholarly journals Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Momordica balsamina is native to South Africa and tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Arabia, India and Australia. It is a trailing or climbing annual or perennial tendril-bearing herb. Introduced in parts of the Neotropics and North America and Pakistan, M. balsamina has been introduced intentionally, occurring in the wild as an escapee from cultivation. This species is used for medicinal purposes. M. balsamina is reported as an invasive species in India. It is very invasive in northern Australia, where it is found in highly disturbed habitats, outcompeting native vegetation. In Florida, gardeners have reported it as a noxious weed in gardens and allotments.

scholarly journals Thymophylla tenuiloba (Dahlberg daisy).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Us States ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Ornamental Species

Abstract Thymophylla tenuiloba is a small annual or short-lived perennial herb native to Texas and northern Mexico. It is used as an ornamental species and has escaped from cultivation in some parts of its distribution range. It is reported as invasive in the Bahamas, Hawaii and in some of the US states bordering the Gulf Coast. No details are available on its invasiveness and its effect over other species or habitats. T. tenuiloba is listed as an alien species in Anguilla, Cuba and parts of the USA; it is included in the Global Invasive Species Database but with no further information and also listed as a species of concern to Pacific ecosystems. T. tenuiloba is considered to be potentially invasive in Saba and Curaçao and listed as an environmental weed in Queensland, Australia.

scholarly journals Agave americana (century plant).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Duilio Iamonico
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Bare Sand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract A. americana is a large, rhizomatous succulent that grows in a wide range of habitats and soil types. Additionally, it is tolerant to salt spray, high temperatures, and extreme drought. Because this species spread by seeds, but also vegetatively by bulbils and rhizomes, it has the potential to escape from cultivation and rapidly colonize disturbed sites, roadsides, bare sand and coastal areas (ISSG, 2016). Currently, A. americana is considered a serious environmental weed by the IUCN (ISSG, 2016) and it is listed as invasive in many countries in Europe as well as in China, Japan, South Africa, Namibia, Tanzania, Bermuda, Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia among others (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; ISSG, 2016; DAISIE, 2016; PIER, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). It is also known to have become invasive in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, and Uganda.

scholarly journals Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Momordica balsamina is native to South Africa and tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Arabia, India and Australia. It is a trailing or climbing annual or perennial tendril-bearing herb. Introduced in parts of the Neotropics and North America and Pakistan, M. balsamina has been introduced intentionally, occurring in the wild as an escapee from cultivation. This species is used for medicinal purposes. M. balsamina is reported as an invasive species in India. It is very invasive in northern Australia, where it is found in highly disturbed habitats, outcompeting native vegetation. In Florida, gardeners have reported it as a noxious weed in gardens and allotments.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

The Biology of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Esler ◽  
Anna L. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Brandon Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystems

The world’s mediterranean-type climate regions (including areas within the Mediterranean, South Africa, Australia, California, and Chile) have long been of interest to biologists by virtue of their extraordinary biodiversity and the appearance of evolutionary convergence between these disparate regions. Comparisons between mediterranean-type climate regions have provided important insights into questions at the cutting edge of ecological, ecophysiological and evolutionary research. These regions, dominated by evergreen shrubland communities, contain many rare and endemic species. Their mild climate makes them appealing places to live and visit and this has resulted in numerous threats to the species and communities that occupy them. Threats include a wide range of factors such as habitat loss due to development and agriculture, disturbance, invasive species, and climate change. As a result, they continue to attract far more attention than their limited geographic area might suggest. This book provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to mediterranean-type ecosystems. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate these regions although their management, conservation, and restoration are also considered.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. [Distribution map].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. conglutinans (Wollenw.) Snyder & Hansen. Hosts: cabbage, broccoli, cauliflover etc. (Brassica oleracera vars.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Cameroon, Morocco, South Africa, Zaire, Zimbabwe, ASIA, China (Canton), India (West Bengal), (Assam), Iraq, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (Queensland), (NT), New Caledonia, New Zealand, Samoa (Am.), EUROPE, France, Hungary, Italy (Sardinia), Netherlands, USSR (Lithuania), (Ukraine), NORTH AMERICA, Canada (Quebec), (Manitoba, Ontario), USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil (Sao Paulo).

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