scholarly journals Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Momordica balsamina is native to South Africa and tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Arabia, India and Australia. It is a trailing or climbing annual or perennial tendril-bearing herb. Introduced in parts of the Neotropics and North America and Pakistan, M. balsamina has been introduced intentionally, occurring in the wild as an escapee from cultivation. This species is used for medicinal purposes. M. balsamina is reported as an invasive species in India. It is very invasive in northern Australia, where it is found in highly disturbed habitats, outcompeting native vegetation. In Florida, gardeners have reported it as a noxious weed in gardens and allotments.

scholarly journals Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Momordica balsamina is native to South Africa and tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Arabia, India and Australia. It is a trailing or climbing annual or perennial tendril-bearing herb. Introduced in parts of the Neotropics and North America and Pakistan, M. balsamina has been introduced intentionally, occurring in the wild as an escapee from cultivation. This species is used for medicinal purposes. M. balsamina is reported as an invasive species in India. It is very invasive in northern Australia, where it is found in highly disturbed habitats, outcompeting native vegetation. In Florida, gardeners have reported it as a noxious weed in gardens and allotments.

scholarly journals Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract Cascabela thevetia is a fast-growing woody species native to tropical North and South America that has been extensively introduced as an ornamental. It behaves as an aggressive weed that grows to form large and dense thickets, especially in low-lying areas and along watercourses, that displace native vegetation and alter successional processes. In addition, all parts of the plant are extremely toxic and can be fatal to humans and other animals if consumed. Currently, it is included in the Global Invasive Species Database and has been listed as invasive and as a noxious weed in East Timor, South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Australia, Anguilla, Cuba, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Fiji and other islands in the Pacific region.

Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gassmann ◽  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The Usa

Abstract L. vulgaris is a perennial flowering plant with a spreading root system. It forms dense mats which can compete with crops and suppress native vegetation, reducing pasture productivity and/or biodiversity (ISSG, 2015). Native to temperate areas of Europe and Asia, it has been widely introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and is regarded as noxious in many of these countries. By inclusion in indexes of invasive species it is regarded as invasive widely in Canada and in the USA (Alberta Invasive Species Council, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015). L. vulgaris received an invasive index of 69 (out of a maximum of 100) in Alaska, USA (ANHP, 2011). It is also regarded as invasive within its native range in Serbia (Dzigurski and Nikolic, 2014).

Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Popay ◽  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Mail Order ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Abstract S. canadensis is an erect rhizomatous perennial plant native to North America which has spread throughout a number of European countries after its introduction as an ornamental. Moron et al. (2009) say that this species and the closely related species, S. gigantea have been among the most successful invasive species in Europe. It continues to be available from mail-order catalogues and websites of commercial nurseries and botanical gardens and as such further introduction of this species are likely. It is an undesirable invader on account of its large rhizomes, vigorous growth and allelopathic effects which lead to gross changes in the native vegetation and fauna. It is easily controlled by cultivation but difficult to control in natural areas due to its long persistence.

Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Prosopis Velutina ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Noxious Weed

Abstract P. velutina was widely introduced around the world intentionally, due to its value as a fuel/fodder species and also an ornamental in some regions. It was widely used by native Amerindians as a source of poles and fuels, and the pods were a valuable source of human and animal nutrition. The month of the year when pods were harvested was commonly named after the tree, indicating its importance. However, its has also spread, both in its native range and where introduced, and its infamy as an invasive species has lead to several governments banning further importation of planting stock, and the risk of introduction is perceived as low. P. velutina is a declared noxious weed in Australia and South Africa, and the genus as a whole is regulated in several other countries. Losses to the livestock industry from P. velutina invasion in its native range, although much less than that caused by the invasion of P. glandulosa, are still considerable. The thorns can also cause injury to livestock, and consumption of the pods, when they may up the bulk of the animal's diet, can lead to ill health and even death. A similar situation to that of the south-western USA exists in Australia and South Africa, where P. velutina is a major weed of rangelands.

Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Easter Island ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Noxious Weed

Abstract A. conyzoides is an annual erect herb reported as an invasive, noxious weed in agricultural lands and as a coloniser of open fields and degraded areas, causing crop yield reductions and affecting biodiversity (Kohli et al., 2006; GISD, 2016; PIER, 2016). It is also a host of pathogens and nematodes that affect crop species (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016). It is listed as invasive throughout Asia; in Kenya, Mayotte, Morocco, Reunion, Tanzania, South Africa and Uganda in Africa; California (USA) in North America; Cuba in the Caribbean; Easter Island in South America; and in much of Oceania (Oviedo-Prieto et al., 2012; BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Encylopedia of Life, 2016; GISD, 2016; PIER, 2016). It is also known to be invasive in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, and Zambia.

scholarly journals Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract M. jalapa is a perennial herb in tropical and subtropical regions (Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). It is an annual in temperate climates (Dave's Garden, 2016). It has been introduced into various continents as an ornamental since the 1500's (Le Duc, 1995; Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). The species is listed as invasive in Asia (China, Indonesia, Maldives, Philippines), Africa (Kenya, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda), South America (Chile, Ecuador) and Oceania (Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Hawaii-USA, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Pitcairn, Tonga, US Minor Outlying Islands) (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Invasive Species South Africa, 2016; PIER, 2016). Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) consider it a species with the potential of becoming invasive in Cuba. It has also been separately reported as invasive in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia. Although its popularity has decreased (Flora of India, 2015; Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017), the species is still popular in some countries and it is available from nurseries and over the internet worldwide (Fuentes Fiallo et al., 2001; Dave's Garden, 2016; Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). The species has a high reproductive potential as it can re-seed easily and propagate vegetatively through its tuberous roots (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Invasive Species South Africa, 2016). M. jalapa is cited as not having a weed potential (PFAF, 2016), but also as an environmental weed, a "sleeper weed" or as a possible noxious weed (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016; Dave's Garden; 2016). It can escape from gardens into nearby areas and will naturalise in disturbed areas (BioNET-EAFRINET, 2016).

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

Political orientation and moral foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
J Dorasamy ◽  
Mr Jirushlan Dorasamy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
The North

Studies, especially in the North America, have shown a relationship between political orientation and moralfoundation. This study investigated whether moral judgements differ from the political orientation of participantsin South Africa moral judgment and the extent to which moral foundations are influenced by politicalorientation.Further, the study investigated the possibility of similar patterns with the North AmericanConservative-Liberal spectrum and the moral foundation. There were 300participants, 78 males and 222 females,who completed an online questionnaire relating to moral foundation and political orientation. The results partiallysupported the hypothesis relating to Liberal and Conservative orientation in South Africa. Further, this studypartially predicted the Liberal-Conservative orientation with patterns in the moral foundation, whilst showingsimilar findings to the North American studies. A growing rate of a neutral/moderate society is evidenced in SouthAfrica and abroad, thereby showing the emergence of a more open approach to both a political and generalstance.”””

The Biology of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Esler ◽  
Anna L. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Brandon Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystems

The world’s mediterranean-type climate regions (including areas within the Mediterranean, South Africa, Australia, California, and Chile) have long been of interest to biologists by virtue of their extraordinary biodiversity and the appearance of evolutionary convergence between these disparate regions. Comparisons between mediterranean-type climate regions have provided important insights into questions at the cutting edge of ecological, ecophysiological and evolutionary research. These regions, dominated by evergreen shrubland communities, contain many rare and endemic species. Their mild climate makes them appealing places to live and visit and this has resulted in numerous threats to the species and communities that occupy them. Threats include a wide range of factors such as habitat loss due to development and agriculture, disturbance, invasive species, and climate change. As a result, they continue to attract far more attention than their limited geographic area might suggest. This book provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to mediterranean-type ecosystems. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate these regions although their management, conservation, and restoration are also considered.

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