Evaluating the effectiveness of a Mexican strain ofDuddingtonia flagransas a biological control agent against gastrointestinal nematodes in goat faeces

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Ojeda-Robertos ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
J.F.J. Torres-Acosta ◽  
R.I. Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
A.J. Aguilar-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Petri Dishes

AbstractThe use ofDuddingtonia flagransin the control of goat nematodes was investigated. Initially, the time of passage of chlamydospores through the digestive tract of goats was evaluated. Two groups of seven parasite-free kids were formed. Group A received a single dose of 3.5×106D. flagranschlamydospores (FTHO-8 strain) per kg of live weight. Group B did not receive any chlamydospores. Faeces were obtained from each kid daily from day 4 prior to inoculation until day 5 post-inoculation (PI) and were placed in Petri dishes containing water agar. Gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae were added to each Petri dish and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Petri dishes were examined to detect the fungus and trapped nematodes. A second trial evaluated the effect ofD. flagranson the number of gastrointestinal nematode larvae harvested from goat faecal cultures in naturally infected goats. Two groups of seven goats were formed. The treated group received a single dose of 3.5×106D. flagranschlamydospores per kg of liveweight. The control group did not receive any chlamydospores. Faeces were obtained twice daily from each kid. Two faecal cultures were made for each kid. One was incubated for 7 days and the other for 14 days. Gastrointestinal nematode larvae were recovered from each culture and counted. Percentage of larval development reduction was determined using a ratio of larvae/eggs deposited in the control and treated groups.Duddingtonia flagranssurvived the digestive process of goats, and maintained its predatory activity, being observed from 21 to 81 h PI (3 to 4 days). A reduction in the infective larvae population in the treated group compared to the non-treated group was observed in both incubation periods (7 days: 5.3–36.0%; 14 days: 0–52.8%,P>0.05). Although a single inoculation ofD. flagranscan induce a reduction of infective larvae collected from faeces, a different scheme of dosing may be needed to enhance the efficacy ofD. flagransin goats.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a commercial fungal formulation containing Duddingtonia flagrans (Bioverm®) for controlling bovine gastrointestinal nematodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jossiara Abrante Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Leonardo Roque ◽  
Felipe Boniedj Ventura Álvares ◽  
Ana Luzia Peixoto da Silva ◽  
Estefany Ferreira de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Group A ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Predatory Capacity

Abstract Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) is a fungal formulation indicated for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and horses, which has recently been authorized for commercialization in Brazil. The objective was to determine the efficiency of Bioverm® against larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Twelve animals were used, divided into two groups. In the treated group, a single dose of 1 g of Bioverm® per 10 kg of live weight (containing 105 chlamydospores of D. flagrans) was provided for each animal. Fecal samples were obtained from the animals in each group at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours after administration. In assay A, 2 g of feces were added to Petri dishes containing 2% agar-water medium. In assay B, coprocultures were performed. In both assays, the peak of larval predation occurred within 48 hours after administration of Bioverm®. In assay A, a significant larval reduction (P < 0.05) was seen at 48 h (88.2%). In assay B, significant reductions (P < 0.05) were seen at 36 h (43.7%) and 48 h (82.3%). Bioverm® showed high predatory capacity after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes.

scholarly journals In vitro biological control of infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mara Fernandes ◽  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Henrique Gazzinelli-Guimarães ◽  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Group 10

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum after gastrointestinal transit in hamsters. Twenty animals were used in the experiment, divided into two groups: a treated group (10 animals) and a control group (10 animals). In the group treated with D. flagrans, each animal received mycelium from the AC001 isolate, at an oral dose of 5 mg/25 g of live weight. To evaluate the predatory activity of the fungus, fecal samples were collected from the animals in both groups, at the times of 6, 8, 12, 24 and 36 hours after the treatment. Then, subsamples of 2 g of feces were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar (2% WA) culture medium and 1000 L3 of A. ceylanicum. Over the study period, the following percentage reductions were observed: 43.2% (6 hours), 30.8% (8 hours), 25.8% (12 hours), 30% (24 hours) and 11% (36 hours). The fungus D. flagrans presented predatory activity on the L3 of A. ceylanicum, after passing through the hamsters' gastrointestinal tract. It was therefore concluded that the fungus D. flagrans may be an alternative for biological control of the L3 of A. ceylanicum.

scholarly journals Activity in vitro of fungal conidia of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
C.D.F. Alves ◽  
L.N. Frassy
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Baermann Method

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.

scholarly journals First report of interaction of nematophagous fungi onLibyostrongylus douglassii (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela ◽  
Vinicius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite

Libyostrongylus douglassii is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of ostriches that can cause up to 50% mortality in young birds. The objective of this study was to compare the predatory capacity of two isolates of the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans(AC001 and CG722 isolates) and one of Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) on infective larvae (L3) of L. douglassii under laboratory conditions, in 2% water-agar medium. The results showed that the fungi tested were effective in preying upon the L3 of L. douglassii (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. However, there was no difference in predatory capacity between the fungi tested (P > 0.05) during the seven days of experimental testing. In comparison with the control, without fungus, there were significant decreases (P < 0.05) of 85.2% (AC001), 81.2% (CG722) and 89.2% (CG719) in the average numbers of L3 of L. douglassii recovered from treatments with the isolates tested. In the present study, the three isolates of the predatory fungi D. flagrans (AC001 and CG722) andA. cladodes (CG719) were efficient at in vitro destruction of the L3 of L. douglassii.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the nematode-trapping fungusDuddingtonia flagransagainst infections byHaemonchusandTrichostrongylusspecies in lambs at pasture

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Rocha ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
A.F.T. Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium

AbstractThe efficacy of the nematode-trapping fungusDuddingtonia flagransagainst infections by trichostrongyle nematodes in sheep was assessed throughout 6 months. Twenty Ile de France lambs were divided into two groups (control and treated groups), which were kept in separate pastures. Animals of the treated group were fed withD. flagranstwice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays). Pellets were prepared with the fungus mycelia in liquid culture medium and contained approximately 20% fungus. They were mixed with the animals' diet at a concentration of 1 g pellet per 10 kg live weight. Faecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein and the animals' body weight were determined fortnightly from 7 October 2005 to 24 March 2006. Comparison of such parameters between groups showed no significant differences (P> 0.05), except on 10 February 2006, when the control group presented a higher mean FEC than the treated group (P<  0.05). Feeding sheep with pellets containingD. flagranshad no benefit to the prophylaxis of nematode infections under the experimental conditions used in the present study.

Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Haline Buss Baiak ◽  
Jennifer Mayara Gasparina ◽  
Letícia Ianke ◽  
Karolini Tenffen de Sousa ◽  
Matheus Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Pasture Area

Abstract Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.

Biological control of trichostrongylid infections in calves on pasture in Lithuania using Duddingtonia flagrans a nematode-trapping fungus

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Šarkunas ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
J.W. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Pasture Contamination ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe effect on the pasture contamination level with infective trichostrongylid larvae by feeding the nematode-trapping fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans at two dose levels to first time grazing calves was examined in Lithuania. Thirty heifer-calves, aged 3–6 months, were divided into three comparable groups, A, B and C. Each group was turned out on a 1.07 ha paddock (a, b and c). The paddocks were naturally contaminated with infective trichostrongylid larvae from infected cattle grazing the previous year. Fungal material was fed to the animals daily during a two month period starting 3 weeks after turnout. Groups A and B were given 106 and 2.5×105 chlamydospores per kg of live weight per day, respectively, while group C served as a non-dosed control group. Every two weeks the heifers were weighed and clinically inspected. On the same dates, faeces, blood and grass samples were collected. From mid-July onwards, the number of infective larvae in grass samples increased markedly (P<0.05) on paddock c, whereas low numbers of infective larvae were observed on paddocks a and b grazed by the fungus treated groups. However, the results indicate that administering fungal spores at a dose of 2.5×105 chlamydospores per kg live weight per day did not significantly prevent parasitism in calves, presumably due to insufficient suppression of developing infective larvae in the faeces. In contrast, a dose of 106 chlamydospores per kg lowered the parasite larval population on the pasture, reduced pepsinogen levels (P<0.05), and prevented calves from developing parasitosis.

Liver, Kidney Function Tests and Oxidative Damage During and after Treatment of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Experimental Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Salah Hasan ◽  
Ayman Barzan Abdulgafor ◽  
Maher Saber Owain ◽  
Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽  
Qusay Mohammed Aboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.

The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: role of vitamins E and C

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Altuntas ◽  
N Delibas ◽  
R Sutcu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
C 30

The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion (MD) on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes and the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against MD toxicity were evaluated in rat erythrocytes. Experimental groups were: control group, MD-treated group (MD), and MD+vitamin E+vitamin Ctreated group (MD+Vit). MD and MD+Vit groups were treated orally with a single dose of 8 mg/kg MD body weight at 0 hour. Vitamins E and C were injected at doses of 150 mg/kg body weight, i.m. and 200 mg/kg body weight, i.p., respectively, 30 min after the treatment of MD in the MD+Vit group. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the MD administration. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) were studied in the erythrocytes. MDA level increased significantly in the MD group compared to the control group (P <0.05) and decreased significantly in the MD+Vit group compared to the MD group (P <0.05). The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT decreased in the MD group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Only GSH-Px activity increased in the MD+Vit group compared with the MD group. These results suggest that treating rats with MD increases LPO and decreases anti-oxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. Furthermore, single-dose treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C 30 min after the administration of MD can reduce LPO caused by MD.

Single Dose of Magnesium Sulfate as an Adjuvant to General Anesthesia Improves Pain Control, Discomfort and Quality of Sleep Postoperatively

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
Biljana Kuzmanovska ◽  
Marija Donevska Tolevska ◽  
Andrijan Kartalov ◽  
Marija Jovanovski Srceva ◽  
Mirjana Shosholcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Analgesic Consumption ◽  
Pain At Rest

Abstract Introduction. As a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist, magnesium may play a role in prevention of pain. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of single dose magnesium sulfate preoperatively on postoperative pain scores, discomfort and quality of sleep. Methods. Forty patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized in two groups. Group A received 20 mg/kg magnesium sulfate after the anesthesia induction, prior to surgical incision, and Group B was the control group. Assessment was made for pain at rest in both groups according to VAS (0-10), analgesic consumption, discomfort and quality of sleep during first 48 hours postoperatively. Resultѕ. Compared to control group, magnesium-treated patients had lower postoperative pain at rest according to VAS score (p< 0.05) and consumed less analgesic drugs during the first 48 hours (p<0.05). The magnesium-treated group experienced less discomfort during the first and the second postoperative day. The magnesium-treated group reported no changes in sleeping pattern compared to preoperative sleeping pattern, while the control group showed an increase in insomnia during the first and the second postoperative night, compared to that preoperatively. Conclusion. Perioperative use of magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to general anesthesia is associated with lower postoperative pain, less analgesic consumption, less discomfort and better sleep in the postoperative period.

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