External health locus of control and general self-efficacy: Moderators of emotional distress among university students

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the entrepreneurial characteristics among university students in India studying business and also comparing the levels of entrepreneurial characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and entrepreneurially not inclined students. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors included six entrepreneurial characteristics, namely, risk taking propensity, innovativeness, locus of control, need for achievement, general self-efficacy and tolerance for ambiguity to define the entrepreneurial profile of students. Convenient sampling was used for collecting the data using a seven-point Likert scale based on 38-items self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected from three universities of different cities, namely, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, CSJM University, Kanpur and KMCUAF University, Lucknow. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed in each of the universities, and 719 questionnaires were found statistically suitable for the study. Students were asked the question “What career option are you planning to choose after completing your graduation?” to know the inclination of the students. Findings Results of the t-test confirmed that levels of all the entrepreneurial characteristics are higher in entrepreneurially inclined students when compared to entrepreneurially not inclined students except in terms of general self-efficacy. Thus, entrepreneurially inclined students carry higher risk taking propensity, innovativeness, locus of control, need for achievement and tolerance for ambiguity. Research limitations/implications This study is confined only to undergraduate students from business background, and only three universities were included in the sample. Further research can be done taking students from different streams, namely, engineering, science and technology and arts etc. University-wise studies can also be conducted with the view to bring comparability among the students in terms of levels of entrepreneurial characteristics based upon the inclination shown. Practical implications This research provides the deeper understanding about what course contents are effective in developing entrepreneurial characteristics among the students and what are to be added with the view to raise potential entrepreneurs. Originality/value This paper contributes to establishing the differences across different entrepreneurial characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-inclined undergraduate students.

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Self-efficacy, Health Locus of Control and Lifestyle as Predictors of Self- Rated Health

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e670282012-192 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Shyam Radhey ◽

Renu ◽

Anshu

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Health Locus Of Control ◽

Self Rated Health

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The Irritation Scale as an Instrument to Measure Stress among University Students

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2013.106 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Enrique Merino-Tejedor ◽

Joan Boada-Grau ◽

José C. Sánchez-García ◽

Pedro Miguel Hontangas-Beltrán

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

University Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

International Studies ◽

Two Factors ◽

Workplace Setting ◽

General Self Efficacy

AbstractThe objective of this study was to verify the factor validity and structure of the “Irritation Scale” in a sample of 578 Spanish university students. At the same time, the study aimed to verify the criterion-related validity of the scale, analyzing the results obtained through correlation with other variables, such as general self-efficacy, self-regulation, depression, and certain personality dimensions. The results obtained through the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling approach (ESEM) using Mplus confirmed the presence of two factors in the Irritation Scale, as observed in other international studies within a workplace setting. The significant correlations obtained between the Irritation Scale and the variables considered in the study confirmed the construct validity and verified that irritation is significantly and positively associated with depression and academic burnout, and is negatively associated with general self-efficacy and self-regulation.

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The Effectiveness of Group Training of CBT-Based Stress Management on Anxiety, Psychological Hardiness and General Self-Efficacy Among University Students

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p47 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hamdam Molla Jafar ◽

Seddigheh Salabifard ◽

Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi ◽

Zahra Sobhani

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Stress Management ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Management Training ◽

Sensitive Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Stress Management Training ◽

Psychological Hardiness ◽

General Self Efficacy ◽

Experimental Group

BACKGROUND: Admission to university is a very sensitive period of life for efficient, active, and young workforces in any country, and it is mostly associated with many changes in social and human relationships. These changes lead to anxiety in students. Moreover, humans need certain functions in order to adaptively deal with different life situations and challenges. By training stress management, these functions can help human acquire the required abilities. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of stress management training in anxiety, psychological hardiness, and general self-efficacy among university students. METHOD: The study was a quasi-experimental intervention (pretest-posttest-follow-up) including a control group, it was a fundamental applied study. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Convenient sampling was employed to select 30 students who were divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). Before stress management training, both groups filled out Beck Anxiety Inventory, Long and Goulet scale of psychological hardiness, and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE-10). Afterwards, the experimental group was provided with stress management training. And after the experiment, the abovementioned questionnaires and scales were responded by the two groups. Finally the collected data were analyzed and compared using one-way MANOVA. RESULTS: The results of MANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety, hardiness, and general self-efficacy (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study and those of previous investigations that are in agreement with those of the present study, it can be concluded that stress management among university students cause anxiety to drop; moreover, it enhances their psychological hardiness and self-efficacy. In regard with the role and importance of stress management, training this skill should be included in educational plans of university.

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Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention on Health Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy in Women with Gestational Diabetes

Evidence-Based Nursing Research ◽

10.47104/ebnrojs3.v3i1.188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Sabah R. H. Ahmed ◽

Safaa G. Salem ◽

Nahed M. Saber ◽

Reda T. A. Abou Elazab ◽

Merfat M. Atia

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Health Locus Of Control ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

the offspring in prenatal and postnatal periods and later life. Lack of self-care is the most important reason for mortality in diabetic patients. Self-efficacy has a significant role in enhancing successful adherence to healthy behaviors, lifestyle modifications, and diabetes control among gestational diabetes pregnant women. Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the nursing intervention (NI) effectiveness on health locus of control (HELOC) and self-efficacy in women with gestational diabetes (GD). Methods: A quasi-experimental design (study and control group) was used. The researchers conducted this study at the Antenatal Outpatient Clinics of Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. A purposive sample of 120 women with GD was carefully chosen from the nominated setting and dispersed accidentally into two identical groups (study and control group). Three tools were used for collecting the study data: A structured self-administered questionnaire, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale-C Form, and the General Self-efficacy Scale. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in their internal health locus of control (HELOC) scores after the intervention, with a mean difference of 4.70 at CI 95% for the intervention group p<0.001. A non-statistically significant difference was found between the intervention group and the control group in the external health locus of control (HELOC) mean scores before and after the intervention, although there was a significant difference between the change in both groups p=0.032. Also, there is a highly statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in the self-efficacy scores after the intervention in the intervention group, where p<0.001 compared to a non-significant difference between them before the intervention group intervention (p=0.555). Conclusion: The study concluded that the women with GD who attended NI sessions obtained higher HELOC scores (internal and external) and higher self-efficacy scores than those who do not. Educational nursing intervention should become a fundamental part of the total management of gestational diabetes in antenatal outpatient clinics.

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The Role of University Students’ General Self-Efficacy, Depression and Psychological Well-being in Predicting Their Exercise Behavior

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v5i3.2209 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gözde Ersöz

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Stages Of Change ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Well Being ◽

Exercise Behavior ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

The Relationship ◽

General Self Efficacy ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between exercise and general self-efficacy, depression, and psychological well-being of college students. Five hundred and twenty-two university students (nmale= 273; Xage= 23.33±4.36 and nfemale= 279; Xage=25.91±7.11) have participated in this research. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire (PASCQ), and “Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) have been applied to the sample group in this study. While differences in participants’ self-efficacy, depression, and psychological well-being levels with regard to the stage of changes in exercise are calculated with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the relationship between these ideas discussed in the research have been determined with Pearson Moments Product Correlation Analysis. According to the stages of exercise behavior, significant disparities have been found between participants’ level of self-efficacy, depression, and psychological well-being, and the relationship between those notions has been observed. According to the results, the participants’ general self-efficacy and psychological well-being levels were high and the depression levels were low when on advanced levels of exercise. In light of the findings obtained from this research, it has been concluded that continuity in exercise has a positive effect on psychological effects like general self-efficacy, depression and psychological well-being.

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