Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.B. Wu ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
D.G. Thomas ◽  
M.J. Birtles ◽  
W.H. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Digestive tract length is positively correlated with altitude across Fejervarya limnocharis populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yu Wang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Qing Xiao Yin ◽  
Shi Peng Zhang ◽  
Wen Qin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Tract Length ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Fejervarya Limnocharis

In animals, the amount of nutrients acquired through foraging and the proportion of metabolisable energy gained is reflected in the digestive tract length. This digestion theory predicts that the consumption of food with high content of indigestible material will lead to increased gut dimensions. Here, we analyzed geographic variation in digestive tract length related to diet among 14 Fejervarya limnocharis populations to test the digestion theory. Relative digestive tract length significantly differed between males and females and among populations. The relative length of the digestive tract increased with altitude. We also found a positive correlation between the proportion of plant material and digestive tract length for both sexes, which is consistent with the prediction of the digestion theory. Our findings suggest that variation in temperature associated with altitude affects food composition, and, thereby ultimately gut morphology of individuals.

Nutritional value of peas (Pisum sativum L.) for broilers: apparent metabolisable energy, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and production performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Nalle ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
G. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of four cultivars (Santana, Miami, Courier and Rex) of peas (Pisum sativum L.) for broilers. In Experiment 1, the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of these four cultivars were determined. The cultivar effects were found to be not significant (P > 0.05) for the AME and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, with the exception of arginine, which was lower (P < 0.05) in Courier than other cultivars. In Experiment 2, using the energy and digestible amino acid values determined in Experiment 1, diets containing 200 g/kg of the four cultivars of peas were formulated and the effects of feeding these diets on the performance and digestive tract development of broiler starters was investigated. Weight gain, feed intake and feed per gain of broiler starters fed diets containing peas were similar (P > 0.05) to those fed the maize-soybean meal diet. In general, the digestive tract development was unaffected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of peas. The excreta scores of birds fed diets based on Santana, Miami and Rex were similar (P > 0.05) and that of the Courier-based diet was lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the maize-soy control diet. These results suggest that peas are good sources of metabolisable energy and digestible amino acids, and that they can be included at 200 g/kg level as a partial replacement for soybean meal in broiler starter diets without adverse effects on performance.

scholarly journals Safety of Mealworm Meal in Layer Diets and their Influence on Gut Morphology

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Ondrej Stastnik ◽  
Jakub Novotny ◽  
Andrea Roztocilova ◽  
Petr Kouril ◽  
Vojtech Kumbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Microbial Stability ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

The main objective of this study was to verify the safety of mealworm meal in the feed of laying hens from 17 to 42 weeks of age. Therefore, the feed mixtures were tested in terms of microbiological stability, fungal and mycotoxin content and selected parameters of hens’ intestinal morphology and physiology were monitored. The experiment was carried out with 30 Lohmann Brown Classic hens. Hens were divided by body mass into three equal groups with 10 replicates per treatment. The two experimental groups received feed mixtures containing 2% and 5% yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) meal. The third group was a control group which had 0% of mealworm meal in the diet. Diets with 2% and 5% of mealworm meals did not affect the length of villi and microbiome of the caecum. The highest digesta viscosity from the ileum was found in the group with 5% mealworm, which may indicate a slower passage of the digesta through the digestive tract. Based on our results, it may be concluded that the proportion of mealworm meals does not deteriorate the quality of feeds. Mealworm meal does not negatively affect microbial stability in experimental feeds. Therefore, it can be recommended the two and (or) five percent of mealworm meal inclusion in hen’s diet.

scholarly journals Differences in the digestive organ morphology of captive and wild Brown Teal Anas chlorotis and implications for releases

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUZANNE J. MOORE ◽  
PHIL F. BATTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Poor Nutritional Condition ◽  
Over Time

The digestive tract of many animals is morphologically flexible and can adjust over time to make the most efficient use of the foods available. Differences between captive and wild diets often cause large differences in the gut morphology of captive and wild birds. This is potentially an issue when captive-bred birds are used to establish or supplement populations in the wild, such as in the Brown Teal Anas chlorotis, an endangered duck endemic to New Zealand. We compared the size and mass of the digestive organs (proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, caeca, rectum and liver) of 57 wild, eight captive and four captive-bred released Brown Teal. Captive Brown Teal had much shorter and lighter small intestines and caeca than wild Brown Teal. These differences could reduce the ability of captive-bred teal to efficiently digest a wild diet in the weeks following release, and are likely to contribute to the number of released teal found dead in extremely poor nutritional condition. Increased fibre and diversity in the captive diet together with supplementary feeding post-release are recommended to improve the survival of captive-bred Brown Teal released to the wild.

Influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
R. G. Lentle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Ground Wheat

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating wheat hardness (soft or hard) with or without xylanase supplementation. Two diets based on soft or hard wheat were formulated. Whole wheat (200 g/kg) from the same wheat batch replaced ground wheat before cold-pelleting of each diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each from day 1 to 21 posthatch. The distribution of particle size differed between diets, with the hard wheat diet having 32.7% of particles greater than 1 mm in size compared with 18.7% in the soft wheat diet. Interactions (P < 0.05) were observed between wheat hardness and enzyme supplementation for weight gain, feed intake, feed per gain and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn). Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) weight gain in the soft wheat-based diet but not in the hard wheat diet. Enzyme supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) feed intake in the soft wheat-based diet, but reduced (P < 0.05) intake in the hard wheat diet. Feed per gain and AMEn were improved (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation in the hard wheat-based diet, while no enzyme effect was observed in the soft wheat diet. Feeding the hard wheat-based diet increased (P < 0.05) the relative gizzard weight, and this was associated with a general increase in finer particles in the proximal intestinal digesta when compared with those present in the diet. These results suggest that the response of broilers to xylanase supplementation is influenced by wheat hardness and that wheat hardness may be an important criterion to consider when choosing for whole wheat inclusion in broiler diets.

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