Digestive tract length is positively correlated with altitude across Fejervarya limnocharis populations

In animals, the amount of nutrients acquired through foraging and the proportion of metabolisable energy gained is reflected in the digestive tract length. This digestion theory predicts that the consumption of food with high content of indigestible material will lead to increased gut dimensions. Here, we analyzed geographic variation in digestive tract length related to diet among 14 Fejervarya limnocharis populations to test the digestion theory. Relative digestive tract length significantly differed between males and females and among populations. The relative length of the digestive tract increased with altitude. We also found a positive correlation between the proportion of plant material and digestive tract length for both sexes, which is consistent with the prediction of the digestion theory. Our findings suggest that variation in temperature associated with altitude affects food composition, and, thereby ultimately gut morphology of individuals.

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Food habits of belida fish (Notopterus notopterus, Pallas 1769) in Sei Gesek Reservoir, Bintan Regency, Riau Island, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 919 (1) ◽

pp. 012003

Author(s):

Rapita ◽

Susiana ◽

D Kurniawan ◽

F Lestari ◽

D Sabriaty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Food Habits ◽

Relative Length ◽

Food Composition ◽

Food Type ◽

Survey Method ◽

Small Fish ◽

Total Fish ◽

Notopterus Notopterus

Abstract Sei Gesek Reservoir is located in Bintan Regency, Riau Island Province. The reservoir is one source of water for the community in Tanjungpinang City. One of the freshwater fish that inhabit the Sei Gesek Reservoir is the belida fish (Notopterus notopterus). The objective of this study was to the Relative Length of the Gut (RLG), type and food composition of belida fish (N. notopterus), and food comparative in the digestive tract of the belida fish (N. notopterus) with food resources in the substrate Sei Gesek reservoir, Bintan Regency, Riau Island. The method used in this research was the survey method. A sampling of belida fish (N. notopterus) was carried out in three months according to the fishing grounds. The data analysis used is Relative Length of the Gut (RLG), Index of Preponderance (IP), and Index of Electivity (E). The result showed that the total fish caught was 30, there were 16 males and 14 females. The relative length of the gut female and male belida fish (N. notopterus) were 0.21 and 0.25 respectively. Based on the relative length of the gut value, belida fish (N. notopterus) was classified as a carnivore. The food types of belida fish (N. notopterus) were fish, crustaceans, microalgae, macrophytes, annelids, nematodes, and detritus. Index of preponderance showed that the main food of belida fish (N. notopterus) in Sei Gesek Reservoir was small fish based on sex, the month of capture, and body length measurement. Index of electivity showed that the food type from the microalgae is Asterionella sp. and Closterium sp. not selected by belida fish (N. notopterus) as food.

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Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus

British Poultry Science ◽

10.1080/00071660410001668897 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 76-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Y.B. Wu ◽

V. Ravindran ◽

D.G. Thomas ◽

M.J. Birtles ◽

W.H. Hendriks

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Gut Morphology ◽

Adequate Level ◽

Metabolisable Energy

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Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers

British Poultry Science ◽

10.1080/00071660410001730888 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 385-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Y. B. Wu ◽

V. Ravindran ◽

D. G. Thomas ◽

M. J. Birtles ◽

W. H. Hendriks

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Gut Morphology ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Metabolisable Energy

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The Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Long Pond, Conception Bay, Newfoundland

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f71-170 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 1153-1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

V. S. Kennedy ◽

D. H. Steele

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Plant Material ◽

Early Growth ◽

Winter Flounder ◽

Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽

Food Items ◽

Fish Remains ◽

Males And Females ◽

Conception Bay

Monthly samples of winter flounder taken in Long Pond from November 1962 to October 1963 indicated that the flounder moved into deeper water (7–10 m) during the summer and returned to shallow water (1–2 m) from September to June. These movements corresponded to the end of the spawning season and the ripening of the gonads respectively. Spawning occurred from March until early June, most of it in May and early June. Most males were mature at age 6 and most females at age 7. Fifty percent of the males and females were mature at 21 and 25 cm respectively. The growth rates of the males and females were similar until the age of 8, after which the females apparently outgrew the males. Early growth and fecundity were similar to those reported for other areas. No feeding took place in December or January but the flounder fed in March and continued to feed throughout the summer; food intake decreased in the fall. They were omnivorous and the type of food eaten varied with the locality. Polychaetes, plant material, and molluscs were the most common food items throughout the year. Capelin eggs and fish remains were found only during a few months of the year but were eaten in great quantities.

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EPID-12. TEMPORAL AND GLOBAL GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE INCIDENCE OF PEDIATRIC CNS TUMORS, 1998–2012

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii321-iii321

Author(s):

Karina Ribeiro ◽

Sidnei Epelman

Keyword(s):

Geographic Variation ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Histological Subtype ◽

Embryonal Tumors ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Males And Females ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Increasing Trends ◽

Central South ◽

Cns Malignancies

Abstract AIMS To describe the temporal and geographic variation in the incidence of pediatric CNS malignancies worldwide, presenting analyses by sex, period, region, and histological subtype between 1998 and 2012. METHODS Data were extracted from volumes IX to XI of the Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents, covering the periods 1998–2002 (1), 2003–2007 (2), and 2008–2012 (3). We pooled data from 44 countries, classifying them into 6 regions (Africa (AF), Asia (AS), Oceania (O), Europe (E), Central/South America (CSA), North America (NA)). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR per million, 0–19 years) were calculated and temporal variation was evaluated using incidence rate ratios (IRR) (95% CI). RESULTS The highest incidence (Period 3) was observed in NA (34.0 and 30.2 for males and females, respectively). Astrocytic tumors were predominant in all regions, with percentages ranging between 24.5% (E, females) and 45.6% (NA, females). Increasing trends (Period 3 x 1) were observed in AS (IRR=1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25), CSA (IRR=1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.55), and NA (IRR=1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07), for males and in AS (IRR=1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26) and NA (IRR=1.08, 95% CI 1.06–1.11) for females. Geographic discrepancies in time-trends were observed for astrocytomas, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, other embryonal tumors, and other specified tumors. Reductions in the incidence of unspecified tumors from period 1 to 3 were noted in E, AS, and NA, ranging from -20% (E, females) to -66% (AS, females). CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous trends and improvement in the registration of histological types were noted. Geographic variation can help to raise hypotheses to investigate etiologic factors.

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The Effect of Substitution of Fish Meal by Maggot Meal (Hermetia Illucens L) on the Relative Length of Digestive Tract, Histomorphology of Small Intestines, and the Percentage of Carcass Parts in Native Chickens

Journal of World's Poultry Research ◽

10.36380/jwpr.2021.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 36-46

Author(s):

Fuji Astuty Auza ◽

Sri Purwanti ◽

Jasmal A. Syamsu ◽

Asmuddin Natsir

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Relative Length ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Small Intestines ◽

Native Chickens

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Analysing morphological variation of appendages and labrum in 10 species of Heterocypris Claus, 1893 (Podocopida : Cyprididae) with additional description of Heterocypris exigua

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is18031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1448

Author(s):

Tamara Karan-Žnidaršič ◽

Vukica Vujić ◽

Ángel Baltanás

Keyword(s):

Geometric Morphometrics ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Relative Length ◽

Interspecific Variation ◽

Canonical Variate ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Males And Females ◽

New Perspective ◽

Relative Measurements ◽

Post Hoc

Natural selection can lead to speciation, but its effects depend on amount of morphological variation within populations. In Ostracoda, the appendages enclosed within the calcified carapace are less influenced by environmental conditions in comparison with carapace valves. Here, we explored morphological variation of appendages and labrum in cosmopolitan genus Heterocypris, investigating the species occurring in Europe. With the aim to overcome taxonomical problems, both traditional and geometric morphometrics were applied. The relative lengths were analysed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests to determine interspecific variation and sexual dimorphism. Significant traits were further analysed by Canonical Variate Analysis separately for males and females as segment width/length ratios and relative length of claws and setae ratios. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics were applied to analyse shape variation of the labrum and traits of the maxillular palp. From this, a new perspective on morphological variation within this genus emerged. Relative measurements of the second segment of the maxillular palp, and relative lengths of the natatory setae were found to be the characters that contribute most to discrimination among Heterocypris species. The most important discriminant traits in females are the relative lengths of the G2 and G1 claws. Heterocypris exigua is additionally described, as all findings demonstrated that this is the most distinctive species, the most similar to H. gevgelica. In conclusion, we found that in comparison with maxillular palp and other analysed characters, labrum traits showed as more reliable and deserve more attention in descriptions of new species.

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Food Composition of the Far Eastern Skinks (Plestiodon finitimus) on the Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands, Russian Far East)

Russian Journal of Herpetology ◽

10.30906/1026-2296-2020-27-5-303-306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 303-306

Author(s):

Yuri N. Sundukov ◽

Larissa A. Sundukova ◽

Nikolai L. Orlov

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Food Source ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Food Composition ◽

Kuril Islands ◽

Good Preservation ◽

Kunashir Island ◽

Far Eastern

The study of 23 excrements of Far Eastern skinks collected on the Kunashir Island revealed 75 species of invertebrates that served for the skinks as a food source. Coleopteran (41 taxa from 14 families) were most diverse, which is explained by the good preservation of chitin of beetles during passage through the digestive tract of lizards. The crickets Dianemobius fascipes nigrofasciatus (Matsumura, 1904) (96 specimens), caddisflies (Trichoptera indet. 2, 36 specimens), and barkflies (Psocoptera indet., 19 specimens) prevailed in number of identified specimens in the samples.

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