Enterprise Groups, Industry Associations, and Government: The Case of the Petrochemical Industry in Japan

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Kikkawa
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Enterprise Groups ◽  
Industry Associations

Evolution of the American Petroleum Institute ANSI standard for fatigue risk management systems in the refining and petrochemical industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Angela Baker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Industry Associations

During the past five years, a broad international consensus has emerged in many 24/7 industries regarding the optimal way to manage and reduce employee fatigue risk: via a process called a fatigue risk management system (FRMS). Government regulatory agencies, industry associations and many businesses with 24/7 operations have recently incorporated an FRMS into their regulations, industry standards, and their corporate policies. The development of the American Petroleum Institute (API) and American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) standard for FRMSs in the refining and petrochemical industries began after the US Chemical Safety Board (CSB) released its report on the 2005 Texas City Refinery explosion. The CSB report highlighted concerns about some of the operators on duty being on their 30th consecutive 12-hour shift. API decided to take a proactive approach and develop an industry standard by forming a committee of industry managers from many of the oil companies, union representatives, industry associations and scientific experts in circadian sleep physiology and fatigue in shiftwork operations. During the course of extensive consultations during a two year period, a clear consensus emerged that hours of service rules would be inadequate by themselves. A clear consensus emerged that a comprehensive scientifically-based, data driven FRMS was a superior and feasible tool for effectively managing fatigue risk. API developed a standards document published in April 2010 as API/ANSI RP-755 that makes FRMS the operating standard for managing employee fatigue risk in the refining and petrochemical industry. The extended abstract reviews the considerations that went into developing the ANSI standard, issues that were resolved and progress and hurdles faced by the many petrochemical companies as they are now progressively implementing ANSI RP-755 as a continuously-improving FRMS process.

From analysis to design: WDA for the petrochemical industry

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Burns ◽  
Lisa Garrison ◽  
Nick Dinadis
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry

ANIPE-Cu Catalyst Enables Highly Enantioselective Markovnikov Hydroboration of α-Olefins

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Liang Shi ◽  
Yuan Cai
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Asymmetric Hydroboration ◽  
Terminal Alkenes ◽  
Cu Catalyst

AbstractAsymmetric hydroboration of simple and unactivated terminal alkenes (α-olefins), feedstock chemicals derived from the petrochemical industry, has not been efficiently realized for past decades. Using a bulky ANIPE ligand, we achieved a rare example of highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroboration of α-olefins. The chiral secondary alkylboronic ester products were obtained in moderate to good yields and regioselectivities with excellent enantioselectivities.1 Introduction2 Conditions Optimization3 Substrate Scope4 Application5 Mechanistic Discussion6 Conclusions and Future Directions

Zeolites Fit For A Crown: Probing Host-Guest Interactions with Thermogravimetric Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asel Sartbaeva ◽  
Paul R. Raithby ◽  
Remi Castaing ◽  
Antony Nearchou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Through a combination of thermogravimetry, mass spectrometry and differential thermal analysis, we demonstrate for the first time that all four zeolites show experimental differences in their host-guest interactions with 18C6. In addition, we have estimated the kinetics of 18C6 decomposition, which is a technique that has not been applied to zeolites previously. Using these findings as a toolkit, a more rational use of OSDAs can be utilised to prepare designer zeolites. Furthermore, the new methodologies presented herein can be applied to current zeolites, such as MFI-type zeolites used in the petrochemical industry.

SANICRO 31

Alloy Digest ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract SANDVIK SANICRO 31 is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy having good resistance to corrosion and oxidation and good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. It is recommended for electrical sheathing, pyrometer tubes, equipment for heat treating and furnace tubes and other equipment in the petrochemical industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-172. Producer or source: Sandvik.

SANDVIK 12R72HV

Alloy Digest ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract SANDVIK 12R72HV is an austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum-titanium stainless steel suitable for metal temperature up to about 308 in the power industry and the petrochemical industry. Typical applications are superheater tubes and hydrocarbon crackers. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-248. Producer or source: Sandvik.

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