Framework of the Smart Finance and Accounting Management Model under the Artificial Intelligence Perspective

With the establishment of modern enterprise systems and the emergence of some large-scale enterprise groups formed through asset reorganization, industry alliances, and cross-industry mergers, new requirements have been put forward for the financial management mode of enterprise groups. This article mainly studies the development of the smart accounting management model architecture under the artificial intelligence perspective. On the accounting sharing service platform, the accounting sharing center does not belong to the logistics branch of any region. Through the accounting sharing center, it provides unified and standardized accounting, asset management, currency revenue and expenditure, etc., for the branches of the logistics company. At the same time, in the network environment, the financial and accounting sharing platform is not unilaterally closed. As each branch under unified management, it has the power to feedback, suggest, and supervise the financial and accounting sharing platform. When testing, one only needs to focus on the external properties of the program, without considering the internal logical structure and internal characteristics of the program at all. The system under test is regarded as a sealed black box, and the boundary value analysis method, the equivalence class division method, and causality are used. Technical methods such as the graph method and error speculation method are tested at the system interface to detect whether the function of each test can receive and output the results correctly. The implementation of the accounting management model of accounting shared services must ensure that the evaluation results of related work are objective and accurate. It is necessary to ensure that the evaluation index system has a high degree of quantification. In the specific scoring, the full score system can be used to score points by experts to ensure the objectivity of the evaluation results and accuracy while improving the operability and enforceability of the evaluation work. The average value of the operating net profit margin is 0.088731, and the median value is 0.082263. The results show that artificial intelligence technology has greatly promoted the development of the smart accounting management model architecture.

Implementation of Centralized Administration and Management of Funds in Enterprise Groups

Enterprise groups are characterized by multiple levels of enterprises with large scales of assets and complex business models. In the process of administration and management of funds, there are often some problems, such as unreasonable internal funds allocation, high financing costs, and flawed funds control. Centralized fund management is a tool for the overall allocation of intra-group funds and the coordinated management of group investment and financing. It can optimize the resource allocation of enterprise groups and reduce financing costs as well as capital risks. By selecting centralized fund management, establishing control and early warning system, as well as building information system and other steps, enterprise groups can better implement centralized fund management and improve their capital control.

Third-Party Releases in Insolvency of Multinational Enterprise Groups

Europe is experiencing the rise of restructuring proceedings, which has recently culminated in the adoption of the Restructuring Directive. While being a major achievement in harmonising substantive (pre)insolvency law in the EU, it lacks rules targeting restructuring of multinational enterprise groups. As a result, effectiveness of group reorganisations may be undermined. Nevertheless, some jurisdictions adopt innovative tools, facilitating group solutions. Among them – third-party releases. Such releases entail a total or partial discharge or amendment of claims against third parties, such as co-obligors, guarantors and collateral providers (typically, group members) in the insolvency or restructuring proceeding of the principal debtor.The diversity of approaches to third-party releases highlights their controversial nature. Such releases may frustrate legitimate expectations of creditors relying on cross-guarantees and other forms of cross-liability arrangements. Extending the effects of debt reorganisation to third parties in the absence of a separate insolvency proceeding may also run contrary to the longstanding views on corporate insolvency and entity shielding. This article argues that a single-entity-restructuring risks being short-sighted and that third-party releases are a matter of commercial necessity, synchronising legal responses with actual business models and better addressing the complexity of group interdependencies, realised through various intra-group liability arrangements.

Overlapping International Instruments for Enforcement of Insolvency Judgments: Undermining or Strengthening Universalism?

In recent years modified universalism has emerged as the normative framework for governing international insolvency. Yet, divergences from the norm, specifically regarding the enforcement of insolvency judgments, have also been apparent when the main global instrument for cross-border insolvency has been interpreted too narrowly as not providing the grounds for enforcing judgments emanating from main insolvency proceedings. This drawback cannot be overcome using general private international law instruments as they exclude insolvency from their scope. Thus, a new instrument—a model law on insolvency judgments—has been developed. The article analyses the model law on insolvency judgments against the backdrop of the existing cross-border insolvency regime. Specifically, the article asks whether overlaps and inconsistencies between the international instruments can undermine universalism. The finding is mixed. It is shown that the model law on insolvency judgments does add vigour to the cross-border insolvency system where the requirement to enforce and the way to seek enforcement of insolvency judgments is explicit and clear. The instrument should, therefore, be adopted widely. At the same time, ambiguities concerning refusal grounds based on proper jurisdiction and inconsistencies with the wider regime could undermine the system. Consequently, the article considers different ways of implementing the model law and using it in future cases, with the aim of maximizing its potential, including in view of further developments concerning enterprise groups and choice of law.