Availability and Toxic Level of Cadmium, Lead and Nickel in Contaminated Soils

Paper-ash is used for remediation of heavily contaminated soils with metals, but remediation efficiency after longer periods has not been reported. To gain insights into the mechanisms of immobilization of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and znic (Zn), a study was performed in the laboratory experiment in uncontaminated, artificially contaminated, and remediated soils, and these soils treated with sulfate, to mimic conditions in contaminated soil from zinc smelter site. Remediation was performed by mixing contaminated soil with paper-ash to immobilize Cd, Pb, and Zn in the geotechnical composite. Partitioning of Cd, Pb, and Zn was studied over one year in seven-time intervals applying the sequential extraction procedure and complementary X-ray diffraction analyses. This methodological approach enabled us to follow the redistribution of Cd, Pb, and Zn over time, thus, to studying immobilization mechanisms and assessing the remediation efficiency and stability of newly formed mineral phases. Cd, Pb, and Zn were effectively immobilized by precipitation of insoluble hydroxides after the addition of paper-ash and by the carbonization process in insoluble carbonate minerals. After remediation, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the water-soluble fraction were well below the limiting values for inertness: Cd by 100 times, Pb by 125 times, and Zn by 10 times. Sulfate treatment did not influence the remediation efficiency. Experimental data confirmed the high remediation efficiency and stability of insoluble Cd, Pb, and Zn mineral phases in geotechnical composites.

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Uptake of cadmium, lead and nickel by corn grown in contaminated soils

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/bf00292068 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muhammad Sadiq

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Cadmium Lead

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Comparison of Hydroxyapatite Sorption Properties towards Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Strontium Ions

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.494.405 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 494 ◽

pp. 405-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I. Smičiklas ◽

A. Onjia ◽

J. Marković ◽

S. Raičević

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Ph Values ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Heavy Metal Immobilization ◽

Lead Zinc ◽

Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Solid Liquid

Apatites are well known matrix for heavy metal immobilization and remediation of ground water and contaminated soils. In this work, capacities of different synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) samples for Pb, Cd, Sr and Zn sorption were analyzed, from single metal solutions and their equimolar mixture. Initial concentration of each metal in single metal solutions and total metal concentration in the mixture was 10-2 mol/dm3. Initial pH was adjusted to 5.0 ± 0.1. After 24 h equilibration of HAP samples with heavy metal solutions (solid/liquid ratio 1:200), the concentration of metals and of Ca2+ released from crystal lattice, as well as the final pH values were measured. The selectivity of all samples, regardless of the differences in their compositions, crystallinities, specific surface areas, points of zero charge and sorption capacities, was as follows: Pb > Cd > Zn > Sr. The same order was obtained for both single metal solutions and their mixture. In all cases, the sorption was followed by a decrease in final pH values, which are lower than the pHPZC values obtained by equilibration of HAP samples with an inert electrolyte (KNO3). A linear relationship between the amount of metals sorbed and Ca2+ released from HAP was observed. Also, a correlation between sorption capacities and physicochemical properties of HAP samples was found.

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Variation in the uptake of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by different species of willows Salix spp. grown in contaminated soils

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-007-0012-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 254-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Pavel Tlustoš ◽

Jir̆ina Száková ◽

Markéta Vysloužilová ◽

Daniela Pavlíková ◽

Jan Weger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Total Content ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Salix Alba ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Salix Dasyclados ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Salix Spp

AbstractThe experiment assessed the variability of in seven clones of willow plants of high biomass production (Salix smithiana S-218, Salix smithiana S-150, Salix viminalis S-519, Salix alba S-464, Salix ’Pyramidalis’ S-141, Salix dasyclados S-406, Salix rubens S-391). They were planted in a pots for three vegetation periods in three soils differing in the total content of risk elements. Comparing the calculated relative decrease of total metal contents in soils, the phytoextraction potential of willows was obtained for cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), moderately contaminated Cambisol and uncontaminated Chernozem, where aboveground biomass removed about 30% Cd and 5% Zn of the total element content, respectively. The clones showed variability in removing Cd and Zn, depending on soil type and contamination level: S. smithiana (S-150) and S. rubens (S-391) demonstrated the highest phytoextraction effect for Cd and Zn. For lead (Pb) and arsenic (As), the ability to accumulate the aboveground biomass of willows was found to be negligible in both soils. The results confirmed that willow plants show promising results for several elements, mainly for mobile ones like cadmium and zinc in moderate levels of contamination. The differences in accumulation among the clones seemed to be affected more by the properties of clones, not by the soil element concentrations or soil properties. However, confirmation and verification of the results in field conditions as well as more detailed investigation of the mechanisms of cadmium uptake in rhizosphere of willow plants will be determined by further research.

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Effects of metal contaminated soils on Eisenia fetida (Savigny) at Ludhiana (Punjab), India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v6i2.492 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 519-523

Author(s):

Kulwinder Kaur ◽

Gurinder Kaur Sangha

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Eisenia Fetida ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Coelomic Fluid ◽

Cocoon Production ◽

Metal Levels ◽

Cadmium Lead

The soil in the vicinity of stream of Buddah Nullah in Ludhiana, Punjab has been found to be contaminated with heavy metals. The objective of this paper was to conduct studies with earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) exposed to five soil samples collected from different sites around the stream of Buddah Nullah, since no such work has been done using earthworm as bio- indicator of soil pollution in that area to check the hazardous effects of heavy metals on soil organisms. Metal levels were recorded higher in contaminated soil samples than threshold concentration in soil of campus field. Adult E. fetida were exposed for a period of 80 days to evaluate the effects of elevated levels of heavy metals i.e.0.29 ppm, 4.18 ppm and 2.29 ppm for cadmium, lead and nickel respectively on survival, growth, morphology and reproduction. Significant effects were observed on survival, growth and reproduction of the tested organisms along with various morphological abnormalities such as tail shedding, body fragmentation and extrusion of coelomic fluid. But no such deformity was observed in worms reared in reference soil of university campus field. Detrimental effects on rates of cocoon production and hatchling emergence were observed and a significant delay was also recorded in production of cocoons and emergence of hatchlings. Results of the study indicated that reproductive end points were more sensitive to elevated metal levels in contaminated soil than survival or weight change.

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