Cognitive Bias to Internal Sources of Information in Anxiety

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
Michael W. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Internal Sources

Inducing Multiline Salespeople to Adopt House Brands

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Anderson ◽  
Thomas S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Archival Data ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Unobtrusive Measures ◽  
Internal Sources

How can multiline providers induce their salespeople to sell house brands? Using both unobtrusive measures (archival data) and direct questions, the authors model the extent to which salespeople adopt house brands, as well as the salesperson's perception that selling house brands can pose contractual hazards and his or her dependence upon the employer. Results indicate that adoption of house brands is most pronounced for salespeople who are habitually successful, are more dependent on the firm, or receive high levels of company training. In contrast, salespeople who resist house brands perceive that selling these products threatens their customer bond, have greater experience as a salesperson, and are more oriented to external than to internal sources of information. The authors discuss implications of the findings in terms of developing ways for multiline providers to manage independent-minded salespeople.

The Search for Broad Environmental Information and New Product Development Success in Technology-Based SMEs

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Jin Yoo ◽  
Olukemi Sawyerr
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
New Product ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Internal Sources

In this study we examined the relationships between environmental scanning and information sources on new product development (NPD) success in a sample of 112 Korean technology-based SMEs. We found a significant positive relationship between scanning the task sectors of the environment of customers, competitors and technology on the timeliness and creativity of the NPD process. We also found that external personal sources of customers, competitors and suppliers/distributors and internal sources of employees, company library, etc. had a significant positive relationship with NPD success, while the use of professional sources of information such as lawyers, bankers and trade and industry association members had a negative impact on NPD success. We discuss the findings and their implications.

scholarly journals Operating cost analysis: sources and methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Nadiya Khorunzhak ◽  
Tetyana Portovaras
Keyword(s):  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Abc Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The aim of the article is identification of requirements and composition of sources of analysis, critical assessment of their information content, as well as emphasis on the application of a systematic approach to the analysis of operating costs and compliance of its method with these criteria. Methodology of research. The empirical research methods are used in the course of the research, in particular: analysis – in order to identify the composition of sources of analysis of operating expenses; generalization – to substantiate the classification of sources of analysis and to formulate recommendations on the choice of methods of analysis, which most fully allow to estimate the operating costs. Findings. The principles of formation of information base of the analysis of operating expenses are substantiated, which will allow to obtain high-quality information on their status and on the basis of the obtained results to predict the activity of the enterprise in the future. The study of the impact of factors on the analysis of operating expenses allowed us to distinguish sources of information into two groups: internal and external. It is determined that internal sources of data for analysis are accounting records, which are formed at enterprises, and which is considered by the authors as a source of analysis of operating expenses. External sources of information the authors consider all possible information resources of an external nature, research of the competitive environment and reporting of subjects with similar types of activity. Originality. The scheme of interconnection sources and analysis results of operations is proposed, which comprehensive utilization, will allow obtaining result analytical information on which management can optimize the cost of compliance with objectives and increase effectiveness of operations. According to modern realities, the most suitable methods of analysis are offered, which allow to adequately assessing the situation of the enterprise in the strategic plane with respect to operating expenses. Practical value. Carrying out an assessment of the operating costs of an enterprise with using various methods and tools of analysis in a complex provides obtaining unbiased data that can be effectively used for the purpose of cost optimization and increase of productivity. Key words: analysis; operating costs; cost optimization; internal sources of information; external sources of information; strategic methods; ABC analysis.

Emerging procurement technology: data analytics and cognitive analytics

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 972-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Handfield ◽  
Seongkyoon Jeong ◽  
Thomas Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future State ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the emerging landscape of procurement analytics. This paper focuses on the following questions: what are the current and future state of procurement analytics?; what changes in the procurement process will be required to enable integration of analytical solutions?; and what future areas of research arise when considering the future state of procurement analytics? Design/methodology/approach This paper employs a qualitative approach that relies on three sources of information: executive interviews, a review of current and emerging technology platforms and a small survey of subject matter experts in the field. Findings The procurement analytics landscape developed in this research suggests that the authors will continue to see major shifts in the sourcing and supply chain technology environment in the next five years. However, there currently exists a low usage of advanced procurement analytics, and data integrity and quality issues are preventing significant advances in analytics. This study identifies the need for organizations to establish a coherent approach to collection and storage of trusted organizational data that build on internal sources of spend analysis and contract databases. In addition, current ad hoc approaches to capturing unstructured data must be replaced by a systematic data governance strategy. An important element for organizations in this evolution is managing change and the need to nourish an analytic culture. Originality/value While the majority of forward-looking research and reports merely project broad technological impact of cognitive analytics and big data, much of it does not provide specific insights into functional impacts such as the impact on procurement. The analysis of this study provides us with a clear view of the potential for business analytics and cognitive analytics to be employed in procurement processes, and contributes to development of related research topics for future study. In addition, this study suggests detailed implementation strategies of emerging procurement technologies, contributing to the existing body of the literature and industry reports.

Environmental scanning in business organisations

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehad S. Aldehayyat
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Internal Sources

Purpose – This study aims to analyse the environmental scanning and information sources used by Jordanian firms. Furthermore, the relationship between environmental scanning and organisational characteristics (firm size and industry type), as well as organisational performance, is explored. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical research was coordinated via a survey of 190 Jordanian publicly quoted firms. The results of the survey provided a rich source of data in relation to a variety of practices associated with environmental scanning in these firms. Findings – The findings of this study show that scanning focus was higher for the general environmental sectors than the task environmental sectors. The results also demonstrate that these firms rely more on internal sources of information. Larger firms have more scanning activities, while smaller firms tend to focus on different sources of information. Additionally, some differences in the industry sector in terms of scanning behaviour were identified. This study also supports the literature regarding the positive relationship between environment scanning and organisational performance by providing new empirical evidence from the context of Middle East countries. Originality/value – This paper provides empirical evidence on the nature and the practice of environmental scanning and its value for organisational performance in business firms in a Middle East context. From a theoretical perspective, this study engages in the “convergence versus divergence” debate regarding managers’ scanning behaviour around the world.

Intelligence and Belief Acquisition

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-60
Author(s):  
Martha Whitesmith
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Essential Nature ◽  
Covert Activity

Chapter one examines whether belief acquisition in intelligence a unique epistemological act. It examines the nature of intelligence analysis as an act of belief acquisition, providing a theoretical context grounded in epistemology, the philosophical study of the nature of belief and knowledge, and examining the sources of information on which intelligence analysis is based, and the mechanisms by which knowledge is gained. The chapter argues that: 1) the essential nature of intelligence is epistemological: that it is necessarily defined by the attempt to acquire justified beliefs and knowledge; 2) intelligence is necessarily a covert activity; 3) intelligence does not require unique methods of gaining knowledge and does not derive from unique sources, and; 4) the covert characteristic of intelligence means that belief acquisition in intelligence is likely to differ in the degree of epistemic complexity it faces, and that this may produce a difference in the degree to which intelligence analysis is vulnerable to cognitive bias.

Toward a New Dynamic Model of Diversity and Inclusion Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-243
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Internal Sources

Two of the most difficult obstacles in intercultural communication is the fear of others' norms, which we call “xenoprotypophobia,” and emotional attachment to one's own norms. As these two affective internal sources of information are difficult to distance oneself from, most people know about other countries very superficially, which creates misunderstandings. As culture is defined as a collection of specific solutions to universal problems, superficial knowledge about others' customs emphasizes their strange character, whereas going in depth to understand why these practices are positive for the person lets us discover the foundations of universal values, such as respect for other people or society, and thus develop the dynamic competence of diversity and inclusion.

Liability Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Kaplow
Keyword(s):  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Incentive Effects ◽  
Decision Theoretic Approach ◽  
Internal Sources

This chapter emphasizes that the internal sources of information discussed in the previous chapter are complementary to each other and to market-based techniques. In deciding whether to assign liability in a particular case, all such evidence on detection should be considered in light of the decision-theoretic approach articulated previously. Some forms of proof are more reliable than others and give rise to different risks of particular types of errors. For example, some market-based techniques that attempt to determine firms' marginal costs could result in adverse incentive effects in the case of underestimation, making it optimal to find liability only if the measured price elevation is substantial or other confirming evidence is present. The chapter also considers two additional matters: liability for attempts and the problem of determining which firms should be held liable.

scholarly journals Cooperating for knowledge and innovation performance: the case of selected Central and Eastern European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-274
Author(s):  
Solomon Gyamfi ◽  
Jan Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Modeling Data ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Different Sources

The open innovation concept thrives on knowledge and information flow; their sources for the current innovation performance of the selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have since triggered research interest. This research aimed to explore the different sources of knowledge and information for innovation and the extent to which these different sources contribute to the innovation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in some selected CEE countries. The study assesses the influence of different knowledge and information sources and their relationships in SMEs engaged in manufacturing activities for innovation performance in the selected CEE countries using structural equation modeling. Data were sourced from the anonymized European Community Innovation Survey (CIS, 2012). The results show that internal sources of information and knowledge from innovative internal activities highly influence SMEs’ innovation performance in these CEE countries. Additionally, SMEs in the selected countries’ sources of information and knowledge influence firm cooperation arrangements. The result is significant for SMEs and policymakers to ensure fostering information and knowledge sharing and support of creating valuable knowledge for innovation, most importantly, in the aftermath of financial and economic crisis. AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by a grant provided by the scientific research project of the Czech Sciences Foundation Grant No. 20-03037S.

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