Lower Extremity Open Skill Training Effects on Perception of Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Processing, and Performance

Probability-based and measurement-related hypotheses for confirmatory factor analysis of repeated-measures data are investigated. Such hypotheses comprise precise assumptions concerning the relationships among the true components associated with the levels of the design or the items of the measure. Measurement-related hypotheses concentrate on the assumed processes, as, for example, transformation and memory processes, and represent treatment-dependent differences in processing. In contrast, probability-based hypotheses provide the opportunity to consider probabilities as outcome predictions that summarize the effects of various influences. The prediction of performance guided by inexact cues serves as an example. In the empirical part of this paper probability-based and measurement-related hypotheses are applied to working-memory data. Latent variables according to both hypotheses contribute to a good model fit. The best model fit is achieved for the model including latent variables that represented serial cognitive processing and performance according to inexact cues in combination with a latent variable for subsidiary processes.

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Optimizing skill training: Effects on contextual interference and prior knowledge

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e536982012-270 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle S. McNamara ◽

Todd M. Eischeid ◽

Bryan C. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Prior Knowledge ◽

Skill Training ◽

Contextual Interference ◽

Training Effects

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The Effect of Psychological Skill Training on Students' Learning Functioning and Performance in After-school Physical Education

Journal of Korean Society for the Study of Physical Education ◽

10.15831/jksspe.2016.21.3.143 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Yong Gwan Song ◽

Sung Hyeon Cheon ◽

Byoung-Jun Kim ◽

Seung Jae Kim ◽

Kyoung Eun Yoo

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Skill Training ◽

After School ◽

And Performance

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Achievement in School in Relation to Simultaneous and Sequential Cognitive Processes among Young Egyptian Students

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1997.84.3c.1139 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1139-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fadia Z. Elwan

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Sequential Analysis ◽

School Achievement ◽

Reading Scores ◽

Sequential Processing ◽

Simultaneous Synthesis ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship ◽

Reading Decoding

The present study was designed to examine whether a relationship exists between scores on simultaneous and sequential cognitive processes, on one hand, and performance on the Reading Decoding and Arithmetic subtests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K–ABC), on the other hand, using a sample of 170 Egyptian school children in Grades 1, 3, and 5. To examine the differential magnitudes of the relationship between scores for cognitive processing and school achievement a two by two (simultaneous × sequential) analysis of variance was calculated with reading decoding and arithmetic scores as dependent variables. The results indicated that cognitive processing, especially simultaneous synthesis, is related to arithmetic as well as decoding during reading. Scores on sequential processing were not significantly related to scores for decoding reading and may not be important as simultaneous processing for mathematical skills. The findings were interpreted in the context of the Arabic orthographic system and in view of the nature of the cognitive and mathematical tasks employed in this study.

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Preoperative neuropsychological and behavioral evaluation of children with thalamic tumors

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2014.2.peds13352 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 507-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniela Chieffo ◽

Gianpiero Tamburrini ◽

Massimo Caldarelli ◽

Concezio Di Rocco

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Histological Finding ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Low Grade ◽

Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽

Thalamic Tumor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Performance ◽

Thalamic Tumors

Object Functional involvement of the thalamus in cognitive processing has been only anecdotally reported in the literature, and these cases are mostly related to thalamic hemorrhages; there is no available information on cognitive development in children with thalamic tumors. Methods All children admitted with a diagnosis of thalamic tumor at the authors' institution between January 2008 and January 2011 were considered for the present study. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 months and the presence of severe neurological deficits, both of which prevented a reliable neuropsychological evaluation. A complete preoperative neuropsychological evaluation was performed. Results Twenty children were selected (mean age 102.4 months). Total IQ was in the normal range in all patients (mean 90.1, SD 13.87) with a significant difference between verbal IQ (mean 97.70, SD 17.77) and performance IQ (mean 84.82, SD 17.01). A significant correlation was found between global cognitive impairment and a histological finding of low-grade tumors (p < 0.001). Children with a mesial thalamic tumor had a higher working memory deficit and delayed recall disorders (p < 0.001). Naming disorders were related to the presence of a bilateral (p < 0.001) or mesial (p < 0.001) thalamic tumor, without a significant difference between left or right hemisphere involvement. A significant correlation was also found between the presence of neurolinguistic disorders and mesially located tumors (p < 0.001). Children with right-sided tumors more frequently had constructional apraxia and executive function disorders (p < 0.001). Conclusions The present study suggests that thalamic tumors in different locations might have specific neuropsychological profiles.

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EFFECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING ON BIOMECHANICAL EFFICIENCY IN HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120s00148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967120S0014

Author(s):

Joseph J. Janosky ◽

Brandon Schneider ◽

Daphne Ling ◽

James Russomano ◽

Naomi Roselaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Performance Feedback ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High School Athletes ◽

Warm Up ◽

Left Lower Extremity ◽

And Performance

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common and devastating sports-related knee injuries. Neuromuscular training (NMT) has demonstrated efficacy as a preventive intervention for ACL injury and has been associated with improvements in measures of sports performance, but the specific physiologic mechanisms that serve as protective factors and contribute to improved performance haven not been well-defined. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between NMT and biomechanical efficiency among high school athletes. We hypothesized that the performance of NMT is associated with improved biomechanical efficiency during the performance of fundamental movements and agility tests when compared to a group of untrained control subjects. Methods: Eight high school soccer and basketball teams (111 athletes, 53.1% male, mean age 15.6 years) were recruited and assigned to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group performed NMT as part of their warm-up prior to each practice and competition for 12 weeks. NMT was administered by experienced sports medicine clinicians who provided exercise instruction, technique cues, and performance feedback throughout each training session. The control group performed their customary warm-up under the direction of the team’s coaches. Biomechanical efficiency was assessed through performance of static and dynamic tests using an FDA-approved wireless sensor system. Agility was assessed using a timed three-cone agility test. All tests were administered immediately prior to and following each competitive sports season. Results: Matched pre-/post-season data was collected from 74 athletes (67%). Significant improvements [point estimate (95% CI) p-value] were observed in the intervention group for left lower extremity [0.25 (0.06,0.45) p = 0.01] and right lower extremity [0.21 (0.05,0.37) p = 0.01] loading/landing speed ratios during a single leg hop test, left lower extremity [-136.34 (-225.74,-46.95) p = 0.003] and right lower extremity [-110 (-211.36,-8.64) p = 0.03] ground reaction force, left lower extremity [-1.03, (-.189,-0.18) p = 0.02] and right lower extremity [-0.94 (-1.73,-0.14) p = 0.02] initial peak acceleration, and cadence [-12.12 (-21.60,-2.65) p = 0.01] during a straight-line running acceleration/deceleration test, and time [0.51 (0.24,0.78) p = 0.0003] during a three-cone agility test. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that season-long, sport-specific, age-appropriate NMT administered by sports medicine clinicians can significantly improve biomechanical efficiency during the performance of fundamental movements and agility tests by high school athletes. To achieve similar results, sports coaches should be trained to provide exercise instruction, technique cues, and performance feedback when administering NMT in real-world settings. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

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Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injury Among Collegiate Marching Band and Color Guard Members

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2015.2018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 106-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarah Beckett ◽

Lindsey Seidelman ◽

William J Hanney ◽

Xinliang Liu ◽

Carey E Rothschild

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Associated Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Musculoskeletal Injury ◽

Marching Band ◽

Electronic Survey ◽

Repetitive Nature ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Marching Bands ◽

And Performance

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) in collegiate marching band and color guard members and the associated factors. Methods: An electronic survey was developed and delivered via the Qualtrics survey platform to collegiate marching band and color guard members in the United States. Information collected included demographics; years of experience; training and performance characteristics; footwear worn; instrument played/equipment used; participation in stretching/strengthening programs; injury prevalence and type; treatment sought for injury; and participation time lost due to injury. Results: There were 1,379 (792 female, 587 male) members of 21 collegiate marching bands who completed the survey. Respondents had an average age of 19.8 yrs, height 171.9 cm, weight 72.3 kg, and BMI 24.4 kg/m2. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported sustaining a MSI as a result of participating in marching band or color guard. Females were 20% more likely to sustain a MSI and 87.7% of MSI involved the lower extremity. A significant difference in BMI was found between those who did and did not sustain a MSI (p=0.014). Conclusions: Members of collegiate marching band and color guard may be at risk of sustaining a MSI due to the repetitive nature of the activities performed during practice and performance. The lower extremity is more prone to injury, and a higher BMI may be a risk factor for MSI in this population.

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