Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injury Among Collegiate Marching Band and Color Guard Members

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Beckett ◽  
Lindsey Seidelman ◽  
William J Hanney ◽  
Xinliang Liu ◽  
Carey E Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Marching Band ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Repetitive Nature ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marching Bands ◽  
And Performance

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) in collegiate marching band and color guard members and the associated factors. Methods: An electronic survey was developed and delivered via the Qualtrics survey platform to collegiate marching band and color guard members in the United States. Information collected included demographics; years of experience; training and performance characteristics; footwear worn; instrument played/equipment used; participation in stretching/strengthening programs; injury prevalence and type; treatment sought for injury; and participation time lost due to injury. Results: There were 1,379 (792 female, 587 male) members of 21 collegiate marching bands who completed the survey. Respondents had an average age of 19.8 yrs, height 171.9 cm, weight 72.3 kg, and BMI 24.4 kg/m2. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported sustaining a MSI as a result of participating in marching band or color guard. Females were 20% more likely to sustain a MSI and 87.7% of MSI involved the lower extremity. A significant difference in BMI was found between those who did and did not sustain a MSI (p=0.014). Conclusions: Members of collegiate marching band and color guard may be at risk of sustaining a MSI due to the repetitive nature of the activities performed during practice and performance. The lower extremity is more prone to injury, and a higher BMI may be a risk factor for MSI in this population.

scholarly journals Financial Impact of MRI in Treatment of Foot and Ankle Osteomyelitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0001
Author(s):  
Srikanth Divi ◽  
Kelly Hynes ◽  
Douglas Dirschl ◽  
Cody Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Plain Radiographs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost

Category: Ankle, Diabetes, Hindfoot, Lesser Toes, Midfoot/Forefoot, Infection Introduction/Purpose: Osteomyelitis of the foot and ankle is a common condition with a high economic burden in the United States, particularly in the context of diabetes mellitus. The timely and accurate diagnosis of osteomyelitis is important to initiate treatment and possibly reduce overall healthcare costs. Plain radiographs are the initial study of choice given their widespread availability and low cost. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is generally considered the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting osteomyelitis, however it is associated with significant cost and may not change overall treatment as compared to plain radiographs. The purpose of our retrospective study is to determine whether the use of MRI at our institution changed clinical decision making and calculate the financial impact in patients with foot and ankle osteomyelitis. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients at our tertiary care, academic center treated for a diagnosis of osteomyelitis using ICD-9 codes 730.07, 730.17, and 730.27. Demographic data including age, sex, race and ethnicity and patient comorbidities was collected. The use of plain radiographs, MRI, and any operative procedures up to 2 years after the index encounter for each patient were identified. An impact MRI was defined as an MRI that led to an operative procedure within the same admission encounter. The cost of an impact MRI was estimated using the equation: (average MRI cost)*(total MRIs/impact MRIs). Chi- squared test was used to statistically compare patients that underwent procedures in the MRI group vs. those in non-MRI group. Results: 619 patients undergoing osteomyelitis treatment between January 2009 and September 2015 at our institution were identified, of which 40.4% were female and 59.6% were male. 151 patients had a total of 227 MRIs of the lower extremity performed vs. 468 patients that did not have MRIs performed. Of the MRI cohort, 104/151 patients (68.9%) had subsequent operative procedures, whereas in the non-MRI cohort 299/468 patients (63.9%) had subsequent operative procedures (p = 0.26). Of the 227 MRIs performed, 85 were deemed impactful MRIs and 142 were deemed non-impactful MRIs. Average MRI cost at our institution for the lower extremity with and without contrast was $5069.75. Using our previous definition, the cost of an impact MRI was calculated to be effectively $13,539.21. Conclusion: MRI can be an effective modality in aiding the clinical diagnosis of osteomyelitis, however, it can be an unnecessary cost when not used to guide treatment. In our study, we did not find a significant difference in the operative rate between patients undergoing MRIs vs. those that did not. We also found that the effective cost of an MRI that led to a change in treatment was $13,539, almost 2.7 times higher than the average cost of an MRI at our institution.

scholarly journals Effect of Six Weeks of Neuromuscular and Performance Balance Training on Balance and Performance Lower Extremity Climber Girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Sara Homaye Razavi ◽  
◽  
Seyed Sadradin Shojaedin ◽  
Zahra Karimi ◽  
Somayeh Barzeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Extremity Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: Maintaining balance in the feet and wrists while helping to improve poor center of gravity adjustment, balancing and properly applying force to climb climbing requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of training on neuromuscular performance balance and lower extremity function Girls rock climbing. Methods: Purposive sampling and available with number 30 (age 18±25 years) were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group of 10 neuromuscular performances (n=10) groups. Prior to the training protocol (6 weeks), to measure performance balance and lower limb of the test subjects were used Star and functional movement screening tests. Paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used. The significant level of P≤0.05 was used. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the balance and function of the lower extremities between the two neuromuscular and functional groups, but these differences were not significant between the two experimental groups. Conclusion: The results show that the performance and functional neuromuscular training programs to improve balance and lower extremity function Girls rock climbing and lead to increased athletic performance.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in US Military Academy Cadet Basic Training: A Survival Analysis Evaluating Sex, History of Injury, and Body Mass Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712110398
Author(s):  
Darren W. Hearn ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Erik A. Wikstrom ◽  
Donald L. Goss ◽  
Kenneth L. Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
History Of

Background: Injury incidence for physically active populations with a high volume of physical load can exceed 79%. There is little existing research focused on timing of injury and how that timing differs based on certain risk factors. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to report both the incidence and timing of lower extremity injuries during cadet basic training. We hypothesized that women, those with a history of injury, and those in underweight and obese body mass index (BMI) categories would sustain lower extremity musculoskeletal injury earlier in the training period than men, those without injury history, and those in the normal-weight BMI category. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Cadets from the class of 2022, arriving in 2018, served as the study population. Baseline information on sex and injury history was collected via questionnaire, and BMI was calculated from height and weight taken during week 1 at the United States Military Academy. Categories were underweight (BMI <20), middleweight (20-29.99), and obese (≥30). Injury surveillance was performed over the first 60 days of training via electronic medical record review and monitoring. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate group differences in time to the first musculoskeletal injury. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results: A total of 595 cadets participated. The cohort was 76.8% male, with 29.9% reporting previous injury history and 93.3% having a BMI between 20 and 30. Overall, 16.3% of cadets (12.3% of male cadets and 29.7% of female cadets) experienced an injury during the follow-up period. Women experienced significantly greater incident injury than did men ( P < .001). Separation of survival curves comparing the sexes and injury history occurred at weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Hazards for first musculoskeletal injury were significantly greater for women versus men (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.76-3.94) and for those who reported a history of injury versus no injury history (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18-2.64). No differences were observed between BMI categories. Conclusion: Female cadets and those reporting previous musculoskeletal injury demonstrated a greater hazard of musculoskeletal injury during cadet basic training. This study did not observe an association between BMI and injury.

scholarly journals Learning in the Laboratory: How Group Assignments Affect Motivation and Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
John R. Belanger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Point ◽  
First Year ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Team Projects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance

<p>Team projects can optimize educational resources in a laboratory, but also create the potential for social loafing. Allowing students to choose their own groups could increase their motivation to learn and improve academic performance. To test this hypothesis, final grades and feedback from students were compared for the same course in two different years, one with and one without fixed group arrangements. Seniors of the United States Military Academy at West Point were divided into groups of three or four to complete chemical engineering lab projects during the fall semesters of 2014 and 2015. In the first year, 21 cadets remained in instructor-assigned teams for the duration of the course. The next year, 23 cadets were initially assigned groups, but then allowed to choose their own teammates for the second half of the semester. There was no significant difference in graded performance between the two years, although cadet feedback was interesting. When cadets had the option of choosing groups, 65% of survey respondents strongly agreed that their peers had contributed to their learning, versus 40% when groups were not allowed to change. When asked if their motivation to learn or their critical thinking ability had increased, fewer respondents in the second year strongly agreed with either statement. While these results are not conclusive, a wider implementation of team-focused learning currently underway at West Point will offer a robust dataset and insights on how to get group work to work well in science and engineering education.</p>

scholarly journals “This Is Ghetto Row”: Musical Segregation in American College Football

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-363
Author(s):  
JOHN MICHAEL MCCLUSKEY
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
The United States ◽  
Country Music ◽  
College Football ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Marching Band ◽  
White American ◽  
Marching Bands ◽  
Racial Lines

AbstractA historical overview of college football's participants exemplifies the diversification of mainstream American culture from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first. The same cannot be said for the sport's audience, which remains largely white American. Gerald Gems maintains that football culture reinforces the construction of American identity as “an aggressive, commercial, white, Protestant, male society.” Ken McLeod echoes this perspective in his description of college football's musical soundscape, “white-dominated hard rock, heavy metal, and country music—in addition to marching bands.” This article examines musical segregation in college football, drawing from case studies and interviews conducted in 2013 with university music coordinators from the five largest collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. These case studies reveal several trends in which music is used as a tool to manipulate and divide college football fans and players along racial lines, including special sections for music associated with blackness, musical selections targeted at recruits, and the continued position of the marching band—a European military ensemble—as the musical representative of the sport. These areas reinforce college football culture as a bastion of white strength despite the diversity among player demographics.

scholarly journals Origin of the Fastest 5 km, 10 km and 25 km Open-Water Swimmers—An Analysis from 20 Years and 9819 Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11369
Author(s):  
Aldo Seffrin ◽  
Beat Knechtle ◽  
Rodrigo Luiz Vancini ◽  
Douglas de Assis Teles Santos ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
World Class ◽  
And Performance

In elite pool swimmers competing at world class level, mainly athletes from the United States of America and Australia are dominating. Little is known, however, for the nationality of dominating swimmers in elite open-water long-distance swimming races such as the official FINA races over 5 km, 10 km and 25 km—held since 2000. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation and performance trends by nationality of these elite open-water swimmers. Race results from all female and male swimmers competing in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km FINA races between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed. A total of 9819 swimmers competed between 2000 and 2020 in these races. The five countries that figure most times among the top ten in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km races over the years were Italy, Germany, Russia, Brazil and the Netherlands. In 10 km races, considering the all the athletes from each country, male athletes from Germany, Italy, and France presented faster race times than the other countries. In 10 km, female athletes presented no significant difference among the countries. In 5 and 25 km races, there were no differences between countries, for male and female athletes. Moreover, comparing only the 10 best results (top 10) from each country, there were no differences between countries in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km, for male and female athletes. Men were faster than women for all three distances. In summary, male swimmers from Europe (i.e., Germany, Italy, France) are dominating the 10 km FINA races. In the 5 km and 25 km FINA races, there is no dominating nationality, but among the top five countries in the top 10 over the years, three are European countries.

scholarly journals The influence of Bands of America on one high school marching band : a single case study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen C. Eubanks
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Marching Band ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
High School Band ◽  
Marching Bands ◽  
Field Notes

The purpose of this research study was to examine the influence of participation in Bands of America competitions (hereafter referred to as BOA) on one central Missouri high school marching band program. I chose to study a Missouri high school marching band that had been involved with BOA for a minimum of five years. Participants in this study were marching band members plus staff of the Camdenton High School marching band (N = 22). My goal was to produce a study that was descriptive of the influence, if any, that participation in BOA had on the Camdenton High School marching band. I sought to discover this through observations of their rehearsals and performances at their marching band contests. I chose to conduct a qualitative, single case study. Data were collected through structured and open-ended interviews, observations, field notes, and my participant researcher journal. To date, there has been limited research on BOA participation by high school marching bands. BOA claims to be the largest and most prestigious national marching competition available to high school marching bands in the United States. BOA has grown nationally from eight contests in 1985 to 20 contests in 2015. When BOA expanded in 1997 to include the St. Louis, Missouri regional championship, only five Missouri bands participated in the event. The number had grown in 2015 to include 25 Missouri bands. During my research, I assumed the role of an active participant and observed the band’s music and marching drill preparation, and attended their competitions in order to observe their BOA performances. My research questions focused on the following areas: (a) the key motivators for a high school marching band to participate in BOA, (b) how BOA influences the practices of a high school marching band, and (c) what barriers a rural marching band faces in order to participate in BOA. Through my investigation, I discovered that there were several motivators for the Camdenton High School marching band staff to elect to participate in BOA. The standard of excellence that exists at BOA marching contests is consistent from state to state, and provides the staff and students with an adjudication rubric that serves as a guide for them to rehearse and perform at a higher musical level. Participation in BOA has led the staff to change the design practices of their marching show design. In addition to the planning of the show, the staff has improved their teaching process. This, in turn, has affected the students’ attitude and approach toward their rehearsals. They have an increased work ethic and feel responsible for each other. All of these factors exist despite certain obstacles the band faces, including limited resources and an increased cost factor. Other high school band directors who are considering BOA participation might consider the Camdenton High School marching band program as a model. By looking into the reasons why Camdenton chose to participate in BOA and some of the resultant influences, directors might be able to apply them to their own school marching band programs.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

Postpartum Depression and Its Associated Factors among Women in Bandar Abbas City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arefeh Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Background: Postpartum depression with a different incidence of 40- 45% in different societies, which it has adverse effects on the health of mothers and their child, given the negative effects of maternal depression and its harmful effects on the baby and the quality of family life. So, this study was performed with the aim to determine postpartum depression and its associated factors in Bandar Abbas city. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 after obtaining consent from mothers by the census. A total of 343 mothers was examined for depression who referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in the 2nd and 4th months after childbirth. The data collection tools included demographic information and Postpartum Depression Edinburgh questionnaires. Finally, the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software and data were analyzed using the Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.Result: Totally, 68 (19.8%) of samples were in the second month and 54 (15.7%) in the fourth month after delivery had postpartum depression. The incidence of depression in the four months was 6.6%. There was a significant difference between depression and income, parental education, father’s use of cigarette and abnormalities of the infant (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between other factors such as gestational age, infant sex, birth weight, unwanted pregnancy, and type of delivery. Conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of this disorder, it seems that postpartum depression screening planning should be considered during child routine care as an essential component, especially for vulnerable groups.

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