The Personal Orientation Inventory as a Measure of the Self-Actualization of Underachievers

22 members of the Jesus movement in Johannesburg, South Africa, were presented with Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory, to assess perceived changes in self-actualization as a function of their religious conversion. The control group, comprising 22 mainstream-church denominational members who had not undergone rapid and emotional conversions, was matched with the Jesus People for age, sex, home-language, and occupation of father. The self-perceptions of the Jesus People were significantly mote self-actualizing than were those of the members of the control group in the before-conversion condition. Perceived self-actualization decreased as a function of their religious experience. It is also suggested that the reported changes may be due to a “rising expectations” effect.

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Parental Self-Actualization and Children's Self-Concept

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1979.44.1.80 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 80-82

Author(s):

Mark King

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Junior High School ◽

The Self ◽

Self Concept ◽

Common Variance ◽

School Aged Child ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Aged Child ◽

Personal Orientation

The relation between parental self-actualization and the self-concept of the junior high-school-aged child was investigated. The subjects were 154 families (39 of whom had 2 children). Self-actualization was measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory and self-concept by the Tennessee Self-concept Scale. Girls showed a stronger relationship to their parents than did boys; fathers had a greater influence on their children than did mothers, and the strongest sex combination was father-daughter. Few rs were significant; all were low and accounted for small amounts of common variance.

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Effects of Fictional, Autobiographical and Self-Help Literature on Personality Measures

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.91 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David F. Scholz ◽

James J. Forest

Keyword(s):

The Self ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Control Groups ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Help ◽

Reading Condition ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Two Measures ◽

Group Reading ◽

Personal Orientation

This study evaluated three types of books under different reading conditions and using two measures of personality. Data from 163 women were analyzed in a 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate design, with control groups, which varied type of book (fiction, autobiography, self-help), reading condition (supervised and unsupervised), and order of testing (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Personal Orientation Inventory). None of the groups who received books to read had mean scores significantly different from those of the control groups. However, the group reading the self-help book had significantly higher scores on scales of self-actualization than the groups using fictional or autobiographical books.

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Associations among Somatotype, Temperament and Self-Actualization

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3c.1165 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 72 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1165-1166 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Padma Catell ◽

Ralph Metzner

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

The Self ◽

Body Type ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Personal Orientation

Based on a sample of 45 subjects, 28 men and 17 women, examination was made of the relationships among body type according to Sheldon's methodology, temperament as measured by Cortes and Gatti, and self-actualization as assessed by the Personal Orientation Inventory developed by Shostrom. No significant associations between somatotype and temperament but some significant results were found by examining the self-actualization scores and the body type/temperament match or mismatch. Significant findings were seen on the Spontaneity, Self-regard, Inner-directed, and Feeling Reactivity scales.

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Self-Actualization in an Educational Psychology Course for College Freshman Honors Students

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1978.42.3c.1333 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1333-1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Harold E. Husa

Keyword(s):

Educational Psychology ◽

The Self ◽

Honors Students ◽

College Freshman ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Psychology Course ◽

Personal Orientation

38 college freshman honors students (15 men, 23 women) were enrolled in an educational psychology course designed to promote self-actualization through self-awareness and exploration procedures. Pre- and post-course administrations of the Personal Orientation Inventory showed statistically significant positive changes in self-actualization values. Shostrom's clinically judged Non-self-actualized and Self-actualized groups were used as normative samples. Pre-course scores of the students were comparable to scores of the former norms whereas students' scores after the course were comparable to the Self-actualized norms, mean changes being ≥ 2 points, range of .7 to 8.6.

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Preliminary Study of the Bilingual Version of the Self-Actualization Value Subscale of the Personal Orientation Inventory

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1625 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1625-1626

Author(s):

Ananda Kumar Palaniappan

Keyword(s):

Criterion Validity ◽

The Self ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Personal Orientation ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Malaysian Students

A bilingual version of Shostrom's Self-actualization Value subscale of the Personal Orientation Inventory was administered to 62 Malaysian students. For the 26-item paired-opposite inventory, test-retest reliability over 6 mo. was .39 (for boys .42, for girls .37) and criterion validity was .57. Replication with other groups is recommended.

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Self-Actualization of Elite Blind Athletes: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x9008400201 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

C. Sherrill ◽

B. Gench ◽

M. Hinson ◽

T. Gilstrap ◽

K. Richir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Base ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Population Data ◽

The Self ◽

Male And Female ◽

Limited Knowledge ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Personal Orientation

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-actualization of male and female elite blind athletes in comparison with test-manual norms and sighted athletes, thereby extending the limited knowledge base concerning the psychosocial functioning of the blind population. Data were collected by the Personal Orientation Inventory (Shostrom, 1974), and statistically significant differences were identified. Self-actualization profiles of blind athletes, except for lower scores on Existentiality and Self-Acceptance, were statistically identical to profiles of sighted athletes. Both athlete groups scored below test-manual norms in several areas, including the two major scales. However, athletes tended to be average or strong in Self-Actualizing Value, Feeling Reactivity, Spontaneity, Self-Regard, and Acceptance of Aggression.

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Relationship between Death Anxiety and Components of the Self-Actualization Process

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1981.48.1.89 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 89-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marc E. Vargo ◽

William M. Batsel

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Death Anxiety ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

The Self ◽

Fear Of Death ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Personal Orientation ◽

Time Competence

Product-moment correlations for 35 nursing students' scores on the Death Anxiety Scale and on three scales and subscales of the Personal Orientation Inventory (Self-acceptance, r = −.85; Nature of Man-Constructive, r = −.54; Time Competence, r = −.38) suggest an inverse relationship between self-actualization and the fear of death.

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Growth in Self-Actualization (Personal Orientation Inventory) in Adult Encounter Groups

Third Force Psychology an international journal of humanistic psychology ◽

10.2224/sbp.6452 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 5-8

Author(s):

Les Beach

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Personal Growth ◽

Total Sample ◽

Small Samples ◽

Total Sample Size ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Personal Orientation

To test the efficacy of the Personal Orientation Inventory in assessing growth in self-actualization in relation to encounter groups and to provide a more powerful measure of such changes, pre- and posttest data from 3 highly comparable encounter groups (N = 43) were combined for analysis. Results indicated that the Personal Orientation Inventory is a sensitive instrument for assessing personal growth in encounter groups and that a larger total sample size provides more significant results than those reported for small samples (e. g., fewer than 15 participants).

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