Naturally low seston concentration and the net energy balance of the greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) at Island Bay, Cook Strait, New Zealand

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. A. Gardner ◽  
Raymond J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
Cook Strait

scholarly journals Does Seston Quality Limit the Presence of Mussels on Wellington’s South Coast? FlowCAM investigation of seston particle type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rata Pryor Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Quality Diet

<p>Temperate rocky shores around the world are characterised by so-called ‘universal’ zonation. An interesting exception to this rule can be seen along the shores of Wellington’s South Coast where there is a virtual absence of mussels and poorly developed rocky shore intertidal community. Yet just kilometres away in Wellington Harbour there is a fully developed intertidal community, including extensive multi-species mussel beds. This thesis aims to determine if the quality of seston is limiting the presence of mussels on Wellington’s South Coast. We now have the technology to see what types of particles the mussels are selecting in low and high quality seston conditions using a FlowCAM that allows identification of particle types and their physical properties.  This study compared environmental data for Wellington Harbour (seston-rich) and the South Coast (seston-poor). These data included chlorophyll a, turbidity and suspended sediment concentrations and were collected by CTD and satellite remote sensing. Mussel feeding experiments took place under a high and low quality diet during summer, autumn and winter using Perna canaliculus and Mytilus galloprovincialis. The physiological responses recorded were clearance rate, absorption efficiency and net energy balance for individual mussels. Environmental variables recorded were total particulate matter, particulate organic matter and percent organic matter. Water samples were collected during the feeding experiments and processed using the FlowCAM. By comparing the control chambers to chambers that had mussels feeding in them it was possible to see what particles the mussels were selecting.  The environmental variables revealed that Wellington Harbour had a much higher quality seston whereas in Cook Strait the seston quality was too low for mussels to be able to inhabit, as the chlorophyll a concentrations did not reach the required levels for mussel growth. Perna canaliculus and Mytilus galloprovincialis both showed physiological responses that would allow them to grow in Cook Strait waters, both species had positive absorption efficiencies and net energy balances. These responses were greater in the high quality diet in the enriched pond water in Nelson during summer and winter. The FlowCAM analysis revealed an inter-specific difference in preferential particle selection, which varied as a function of site and season. With more particles being preferentially selected in the high quality diet compared to when the mussels were feeding on Cook Strait seawater. This new information of particle selection helps to determine why mussels are absent from Wellington’s South Coast and contributes to the extensive information on mussel feeding.</p>

scholarly journals Does Seston Quality Limit the Presence of Mussels on Wellington’s South Coast? FlowCAM investigation of seston particle type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rata Pryor Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Quality Diet

<p>Temperate rocky shores around the world are characterised by so-called ‘universal’ zonation. An interesting exception to this rule can be seen along the shores of Wellington’s South Coast where there is a virtual absence of mussels and poorly developed rocky shore intertidal community. Yet just kilometres away in Wellington Harbour there is a fully developed intertidal community, including extensive multi-species mussel beds. This thesis aims to determine if the quality of seston is limiting the presence of mussels on Wellington’s South Coast. We now have the technology to see what types of particles the mussels are selecting in low and high quality seston conditions using a FlowCAM that allows identification of particle types and their physical properties.  This study compared environmental data for Wellington Harbour (seston-rich) and the South Coast (seston-poor). These data included chlorophyll a, turbidity and suspended sediment concentrations and were collected by CTD and satellite remote sensing. Mussel feeding experiments took place under a high and low quality diet during summer, autumn and winter using Perna canaliculus and Mytilus galloprovincialis. The physiological responses recorded were clearance rate, absorption efficiency and net energy balance for individual mussels. Environmental variables recorded were total particulate matter, particulate organic matter and percent organic matter. Water samples were collected during the feeding experiments and processed using the FlowCAM. By comparing the control chambers to chambers that had mussels feeding in them it was possible to see what particles the mussels were selecting.  The environmental variables revealed that Wellington Harbour had a much higher quality seston whereas in Cook Strait the seston quality was too low for mussels to be able to inhabit, as the chlorophyll a concentrations did not reach the required levels for mussel growth. Perna canaliculus and Mytilus galloprovincialis both showed physiological responses that would allow them to grow in Cook Strait waters, both species had positive absorption efficiencies and net energy balances. These responses were greater in the high quality diet in the enriched pond water in Nelson during summer and winter. The FlowCAM analysis revealed an inter-specific difference in preferential particle selection, which varied as a function of site and season. With more particles being preferentially selected in the high quality diet compared to when the mussels were feeding on Cook Strait seawater. This new information of particle selection helps to determine why mussels are absent from Wellington’s South Coast and contributes to the extensive information on mussel feeding.</p>

scholarly journals Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Goats: Energy Balance, Liver Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Response to Berberine Supplementation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2236
Author(s):  
Navid Ghavipanje ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Fathi Nasri ◽  
Seyyed Homayoun Farhangfar ◽  
Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi ◽  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Liver Activity

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the alleviating effects of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine (BBR) on the energy balance (EB), glucose and insulin metabolism, and liver functionality in transition dairy goats, as reflected by blood metabolites and enzymes. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were randomly allocated to four groups. Goats in each group received, ad libitum, the same basal diet during the pre- and post-partum periods of evaluation. Goats received daily0, 1, 2, or 4 g BBR (coded as CON, BBR1, BBR2, and BBR4, respectively). Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. Blood samples were collected on days −21, −14, −7, 0, 7, 14, and 21 relative to kidding, and individual body condition scores (BCSs) were also recorded. Supplementation with either BBR2 or BBR4 increased (p < 0.05) pre- and post-partum DMI, increasing (p < 0.05) the intakes of net energy for lactating and metabolizable proteins. BBR2 and BBR4 increased (p < 0.05) post-partum milk production as well as fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), and feed efficiency, indicating the alleviating effect of BBR on the negative energy balance (NEB) in transition goats. The daily ingestion of either 2 or 4 g BBR reduced (p < 0.05) plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased (p < 0.05) the dynamic change in the liver activity index (LAI) and liver functionality index (LFI), implying its hepatoprotective effect on transition goats. Overall, the results suggest that BBR supplementation of at least 2 g/d may help to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and fat metabolism disorders initiated by the NEB in transition dairy goats.

A Red Water Bloom of Rotifers in Cook Strait, New Zealand

Nature ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 186 (4721) ◽  
pp. 328-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIVIENNE CASSIE
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Cook Strait

scholarly journals Ivory Glacier, New Zealand, an I.H.D. Representative Basin Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (82) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Anderton ◽  
T.J. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Maritime Environment

AbstractMass, water, and energy balances were measured lit the Ivory Glacier, South Island, New Zealand from 1969 to 1975 as part of an I.H.D. programme of representative basin studies. Ivory Glacier is a small cirque glacier within the high-precipitation maritime environment of Westland and was chosen initially for convenience of study rather than representativeness. Mass-balance investigations included a detailed study of the sampling efficiency of a pole network. Annual mass balance was consistently negative during the study period. The run-off pattern was dominated by rain. The estimated annual mean precipitation is 9630 mm for 1971-75. Snow represents about 25% of annual precipitation. Melt contributed 21% of run-off including 9% contributed by melt of perennial snow and ice. The relative contributions of different fluxes to the energy balance during summer are: net radiation 52%, sensible heat 29%, and latent heat 17%. Heat content of precipitation contributes significantly to the energy balance during individual rain-storms and is probably significant during periods of high precipitation in spring and autumn. Climatic characteristics and behaviour of Ivory Glacier appear to follow regional trends in the Southern Alps and the glacier is considered to be reasonably representative.

scholarly journals Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

2017 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Victor L. Barradas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
A Site

<p>The deforestation of a site for agriculture and/ or cattle raising purposes changes either microclimate and soil properties. These environmental changes can act as physical barriers which drastically limits tree species establishment in reforestation . From microclimatic point of view, the study of the energy balance plays a key role when the original environment is severely changed. The net energy in a site is mainly dissipated by latent and sensible heat fluxes which are associated to evapotranspiration and thermal regimes,<br />respectively. The analyses of these fluxes allow to design control systems to reduce the high evaporation rates and high temperatures registered in a deforested site. Energy balance, latent and sensible heat fluxes and other components are analysed, and some techniques to manipulate energy balance are also presented.</p>

Composition of beachcast material containing green-lipped mussel ( Perna canaliculus ) seed harvested for aquaculture in New Zealand

Aquaculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Jeffs ◽  
Natalí J. Delorme ◽  
Jenni Stanley ◽  
Leonardo N. Zamora ◽  
Carina Sim-Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perna Canaliculus
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