Circulation and Climate Variability in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2020: A Comparison of Changes for Two “Normal” Periods

Thirty-year periods are treated in climatology as spans with relatively representative and stable climatic patterns, which can be used for calculating climate normals. Annual and seasonal series of circulation types were used to compare two 30-year sub-periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, the second one being strongly influenced by recent global warming. This analysis was conducted according to the objective classification of circulation types and the climatic characteristics of sunshine duration, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed as calculated for the territory of the Czech Republic during the 1961–2020 period. For both sub-periods, their statistical characteristics were calculated, and the statistical significance of differences between them was evaluated. There was a statistically significant increase in the annual frequencies of anticyclonic circulation types and a significant decrease in cyclonic circulation types during 1991–2020 compared with 1961–1990. Generally, in both 30-year periods, significant differences in means, variability, characteristics of distribution, density functions, and linear trends appear for all climatic variables analysed except precipitation. This indicates that the recent 30-year “normal” period of 1991–2020, known to be influenced more by recent climate change, is by its climatic characteristics unrepresentative of the stable climatic patterns of previous 30-year periods.

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLD PERIOD IN UFA

The article presents the results of a study of the climatic characteristics of the cold period in the city of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the modern period. For the analysis, the authors used traditional processing methods. To identify climate changes, different base periods were considered (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 1991-2020). In some cases, time series of long-term observations were available only since 1973, so in these cases two base periods were distinguished. The statistical characteristics and changes in air temperature and its amplitude, the dates of the beginning/end and duration of the cold period, the amount of precipitation, relative humidity, the height of the snow cover and its moisture reserves, the dates of establishment/destruction and the duration of the snow cover are analyzed. Correlations between climatic indicators are shown. The study revealed that in all months of the cold period there is a tendency to increase air temperature, while the greatest contribution is made by an increase in minimum temperatures. A steady reduction in the duration of the cold period was found due to the shift of the start date to a later date, and the end date to an earlier one. The amount of precipitation tends to increase. Due to the reduction of the cold period, the duration of the snow cover in the city of Ufa decreases.

Еdapho-climatic characteristics of Рrecarpathian biotopes with the participation of price populations of species of the genus Рolygonatum Мill.

Grouping of research sites according to the set of analyzed edapho-climatic parameters by the method of cluster analysis showed that the dominant factor in the formation of abiotic conditions is the type of habitat. Therefore, characterized the population and ecological characteristics of species of the genus Polygonatum Mill. in the Precarpathians by analyzing the key edapho-climatic factors of the studied habitats, namely the humus content, acidity, moisture content, the sum of active temperatures, light levels and N, P, K.

Influence of meteorological conditions on the residual content of pesticides in plants

The quality and quantity of agricultural products depends on the weather conditions in the regions of cultivation. The results of the influence of weather on the degradation rate of pesticides in agricultural products are presented in this paper. Samples were analyzed for the content of pesticide active ingredients by various chromatographic methods. Air temperature has a significant effect on the intensity of metabolic processes in the plant, which determine the degradation rate of pesticides. Air humidity is more important for water-soluble pesticides than for lipophilic ones. Rain, moisture and dew accelerate the dispersal of substances from the aboveground plant parts. When choosing pesticides to protect crops from harmful organisms, it is necessary to take into account the natural and climatic characteristics of the region.

Microalgae: Potential for Bioeconomy in Food Systems

The efficient use of natural resources is essential for the planet’s sustainability and ensuring food security. Colombia’s large availability of water resources in combination with its climatic characteristics allows for the development of many microalgae species. The use of microalgae can potentially contribute to sustainable production in support of the agri-food sector. The nutritional composition (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, and antioxidants) of microalgae along with the ease of producing high biomass yields make them an excellent choice for human and animal nutrition and agriculture. Several species of microalgae have been studied seeking to develop food supplements for pigs, ruminants, poultry, fish, crustaceans, rabbits, and even bees. Important benefits to animal health, production, and improved bromatological and organoleptic characteristics of milk, meat, and eggs have been observed. Based on the functional properties of some microalgae species, foods and supplements have also been developed for human nutrition. Moreover, because microalgae contain essential nutrients, they can be utilized as biofertilizers by replacing chemical fertilizers, which are detrimental to the environment. In view of the above, the study of microalgae is a promising research area for the development of biotechnology and bioeconomy in Colombia.