Short-Term Psychotherapy of Depressive Disorders

Psychiatry ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin B. Jarrett ◽  
A. John Rush
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Term

Clinical Development of Antidepressive Drugs - the Viewpoint of the Industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. de Bodinat ◽  
B. Delalleau
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinical Development Program ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Patients

The clinical development program strategy of a new treatment of depression to be registered in Europe must be built in agreement with recommendations of the CHMP guidance.Demonstration that an antidepressant is effective in treatment of major depressive disorders requires consideration of specific recommendations notably regarding the use of placebo and reference drugs, efficacy assessment, designs features and safety aspects.In the field of depression, comparisons between test medicinal product and reference drugs are difficult to interpretate since the level of placebo response is high and variable. An adequate evaluation of antidepressant efficacy is firstly based on randomised double blind comparison versus placebo. For short term efficacy, studies with 6 week-treatment period are required and three arm trials including placebo and active control are recommended. Regarding the long term efficacy, relapse prevention study is the design recommended for demonstrating that the short term effect can be maintained over time.Assessment of efficacy criteria includes both clinical relevance and statisitical significance, particularly:Improvement expressed as difference between baseline and post-treatment score in symptomatology and as proportion of responders.Remission, defined as a condition where no or only few signs remained, with a justified cut-off on a validated rating-scale.In randomised withdrawal trials, efficacy is expressed as number of patients relapsing and/or time to relapse.The acceptable scales for use as primary endpoint include the HAM-D17 scale, the MADRS scale. Cautions regarding designs features, safety assessment and the global methodological issues faced in conducting such program will be detailed in the presentation.

Depression in elderly homecare patients: patient versus informant reports

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAIL J. McAVAY ◽  
MARTHA L. BRUCE ◽  
PATRICK J. RAUE ◽  
ELLEN L. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Patient Report ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Informant Report ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background. This study compares patient and informant reports of depressive disorders in a community sample of elderly medical homecare patients. The associations between specific patterns of agreement/disagreement and other patient and informant characteristics are examined.Method. A random sample of 355 elderly medical homecare patients and their informants were interviewed using the current mood section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID).Results. Thirty-seven patients (10·4%) reported a depressive disorder (major or subsyndromal) that was also identified by their informant while 27 (7·6%) patients self-reported depression that the informant did not identify. There were 250 patients (70·4%) who were not depressed according to both patient and informant report and 41 patients (11·5%) were identified as depressed by informant report alone. Patients identified as depressed by informant report alone were similar to patients who self-reported depression on a number of the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of depression, but had significantly poorer performance on items assessing orientation and short-term recall. These patients also had poorer functioning in a number of domains (social, cognitive, and functional) when compared with patients who were not depressed according to both the patient and informant. Finally, patients with younger informants were more likely to be identified as depressed by their informant.Conclusions. Obtaining informant reports of depression may be a useful method for detecting clinically significant cases of late-life depression that would otherwise be missed when relying only on patient report.

The association between the use of efavirenz and the occurrence of depressive disorders among HIV-treated patients: An application of Bayesian cox regression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yi-Horng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
The Central Nervous System

OBJECTIVES: Efavirenz therapy plays an important role in controlling the progression of HIV/AIDS. However, efavirenz often causes short-term side effects for the central nervous system, and it remained controversial as to whether efavirenz leads to depression or even suicidal attempt when applied for a longer period of time. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between the use of efavirenz and depressive disorders. METHODS: This study explored the use of efavirenz on HIV-infected patients using National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan by Bayesian survival analysis and investigated whether the use of efavirenz has the risk of depressive disorders. To reduce the dependence of statistical modeling assumptions, this study applied propensity score matching to research data. RESULTS: Based on the result of this study, it can be found that the use of efavirenz (HR = 1.009, 95% CI=–0.505 0.554), gender (HR = 0.324, 95% CI = –2.544 0.381) were not significantly associated with the occurrence of depressive disorders, whereas age of HIV diagnosis (HR = 1.021, 95% CI = 0.011 0.055) was significantly associated with the occurrence of depressive disorders. This study concludes that the use of efavirenz does not in-crease the risk of depressive disorders among HIV-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: For the care of HIV-infected patients (especially the older ones), the psychological harm from society, such as lack of social support, social stigma or unemployment is higher than the harm of medicine.

scholarly journals Incommunicado detention and torture in Spain, Part IV: Psychological and psychiatric consequences of ill-treatment and torture: trauma and human worldviewsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Lilla Hárdi ◽  
Miguel Angel Navarro-Lashayas ◽  
Pau Pérez-Sales ◽  
Gabriela Lopez-Neyra ◽  
Maitane Arnoso Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Over Time

Background: Most literature on psychological consequences of torture is related to prolonged detention. Psychological consequences of intensive physical and psychological torture in brief detention have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to analyse the psychological impact of torture in short-term incommunicado detention. Method: A sample of 45 Basque people who had allegedly been subjected to ill-treatment or torture whilst held in incommunicado detention between two and 11 days in Spain in the period 1980-2012 was analysed. The period between detention and evaluation ranged between two and 12 years. Each case was evaluated by several psychiatrists and psychologists. Clinical interviews which followed the Istanbul Protocol were assessed, as were psychometric tests (Post-traumatic Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Vital Impact Assessment Questionnaire (VIVO)) and external documentary evidence. A cumulative prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10) from the period of detention was established. Findings. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most frequent diagnosis (53%). Enduring personality change after a catastrophic experience was detected in 11% of subjects. Other diagnoses were depressive disorders (16%) and anxiety disorders (9%). Psychometric evaluation at the time of the study showed symptoms of PTSD in 52% of the subjects (with a tendency for these symptoms to diminish over time) and depressive symptoms in 56%. The VIVO questionnaire discerned two subgroups of survivors: “affected” survivors (36%); and “resilient” survivors (64%). Interpretation. The data demonstrated two important issues: the undervalued damaging effect of intensive torture in short-term detention and the long-lasting psychological damage of the same over time.

Agomelatine: A novel mechanism of antidepressant action involving the melatonergic and the serotonergic system

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis San ◽  
Belen Arranz
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Antidepressant Action

AbstractThe clinical finding that depressive disorders are often associated with desynchronization of internal rhythms has encouraged the idea that resetting normal circadian rhythms may have antidepressant potential. Agomelatine, a naphthalene analog of melatonin, is both an agonist of human cloned melatonergic MT1 and MT2 receptors and a serotonin 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Agomelatine combines zeitgeber (synchroniser of the circadian system) activity with neurotransmitter augmentation properties (enhances the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in frontal cortex). The efficacy of agomelatine in treating depression has been shown in three short-term, pivotal, randomized, placebo–controlled studies. These studies have demonstrated agomelatine to be efficacious in Major Depressive Disorder at the standard dose of 25 mg/day, with the possibility of increasing doses to 50 mg/day in those patients with insufficient improvement. The number of adverse events during the treatment period was comparable to placebo. Four studies have shown the positive effect of agomelatine on sleep continuity and quality and shortening of sleep latency. Despite these promising data, further studies are needed to examine agomelatine's efficacy over a longer treatment period.

Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Barlow ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
Shannon Sauer-Zavala ◽  
Heather Murray Latin ◽  
Kristen K. Ellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Core Skills ◽  
Action Tendencies

The Unified Protocol (UP) for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide is a treatment programv applicable to all anxiety and unipolar depressive disorders and potentially other disorders with strong emotional components (e.g., eating disorders, borderline personality disorder). The UP for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders addresses neuroticism by targeting the aversive, avoidant reactions to emotions that, while providing relief in the short term, increase the likelihood of future negative emotions and maintains disorder symptoms. The strategies included in this treatment are largely based on common principles found in existing empirically supported psychological treatments—namely, fostering mindful emotion awareness, reevaluating automatic cognitive appraisals, changing action tendencies associated with the disordered emotions, and utilizing emotion exposure procedures. The focus of these core skills has been adjusted to specifically address core negative responses to emotional experiences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document