Effects of Repetition of Display Components on the Latency of Multiple Reports of Congruence

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Philip H. K. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Word Shape

Subjects gave grouped multiple reports of the congruence of each member of arrays of one, two or three word-shape or shape-shape pairs, and a measure was taken of the time elapsing between onset of the array and initiation of a multiple yes/no report. Double and triple reports were initiated less rapidly than single reports. Replicated arrays, involving repetition of a display pair, gave similar response times for double and triple reports, and were classified faster than non-replicated arrays requiring the same over report. In the case of non-replicated arrays triple reports were initiated less rapidly than double reports. Both classes of array showed substantial effects for congruence, giving slow response times where all pairs in the array were incongruent or where the lefthand or first reported display was incongruent.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Library Catalogs and the Problem of Slow Response Time

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Brown-Sica ◽  
Jeffrey Beall ◽  
Nina McHale
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Web Server ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Library Catalogs

Response time as defined for this study is the time that it takes for all files that constitute a single webpage to travel across the Internet from a Web server to the end user’s browser. In this study, the authors tested response times on queries for identical items in five different library catalogs, one of them a next-generation (NextGen) catalog. The authors also discuss acceptable response time and how it may affect the discovery process. They suggest that librarians and vendors should develop standards for acceptable response time and use it in the product selection and development processes.

Intelligent Interactive Visual Exploration of Temporal Associations among Multiple Time-oriented Patient Records

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shahar ◽  
M. Taieb-Maimon ◽  
D. Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Summary Objectives: To design, implement and evaluate the functionality and usability of a methodology and a tool for interactive exploration of time and value associations among multiple-patient longitudinal data and among meaningful concepts derivable from these data. Methods: We developed a new, user-driven, interactive knowledge-based visualization technique, called Temporal Association Charts (TACs). TACs support the investigation of temporal and statistical associations within multiple patient records among both con cepts and the temporal abstractions derived from them. The TAC methodology was implemented as part of an interactive system, called VISITORS, which supports intelligent visualization and exploration of longitudinal patient data. The TAC module was evaluated for functionality and usability by a group of ten users, five clinicians and five medical informaticians. Users were asked to answer ten questions using the VISITORS system, five of which required the use of TACs. Results: Both types of users were able to answer the questions in reasonably short periods of time (a mean of 2.5 ± 0.27 minutes) and with high accuracy (95.3 ± 4.5 on a 0–100 scale), without a significant difference between the two groups. All five questions requiring the use of TACs were answered with similar response times and accuracy levels. Similar accuracy scores were achieved for questions requiring the use of TACs and for questions requiring the use only of general exploration operators. However, response times when using TACs were slightly longer. Conclusions: TACs are functional and usable. Their use results in a uniform performance level, regardless of the type of clinical question or user group involved.

scholarly journals The Omission of Accent Marks Does Not Hinder Word Recognition: Evidence From Spanish

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marcet ◽  
María Fernández-López ◽  
Melanie Labusch ◽  
Manuel Perea
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Blocked Design

Recent research has found that the omission of accent marks in Spanish does not produce slower word identification times in go/no-go lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks [e.g., cárcel (prison) = carcel], thus suggesting that vowels like á and a are represented by the same orthographic units during word recognition and reading. However, there is a discrepant finding with the yes/no lexical decision task, where the words with the omitted accent mark produced longer response times than the words with the accent mark. In Experiment 1, we examined this discrepant finding by running a yes/no lexical decision experiment comparing the effects for words and non-words. Results showed slower response times for the words with omitted accent mark than for those with the accent mark present (e.g., cárcel < carcel). Critically, we found the opposite pattern for non-words: response times were longer for the non-words with accent marks (e.g., cárdil > cardil), thus suggesting a bias toward a “word” response for accented items in the yes/no lexical decision task. To test this interpretation, Experiment 2 used the same stimuli with a blocked design (i.e., accent mark present vs. omitted in all items) and a go/no-go lexical decision task (i.e., respond only to “words”). Results showed similar response times to words regardless of whether the accent mark was omitted (e.g., cárcel = carcel). This pattern strongly suggests that the longer response times to words with an omitted accent mark in yes/no lexical decision experiments are a task-dependent effect rather than a genuine reading cost.

scholarly journals Development of A Fingerprint Biometric Authentication System For Secure Electronic Voting Machines

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
B U Umar ◽  
O M Olaniyi ◽  
L A Ajao ◽  
D Maliki ◽  
I C Okeke
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Biometric Authentication ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Authentication System

            Democratic government in the world today rely on electronic voting as the foremost means of providing credible, transparent and fair elections for the electorate. There is a need for developed electronic voting systems to be security enhanced to ensure the authenticity of the developed system. Traditional paper balloting systems suffer from vote tampering, multiple voting and illegal voting by unregistered voters. They are also, susceptible to under aged voting due to the difficulty in authenticating the identity of prospective voters. Manual collation and publication of vote results also leads to slow response times and inaccuracies in published results. This research paper proposes a system to combat the current challenges through the development of a fingerprint biometric authentication system for secure electronic voting machines. It uses a fingerprint biometric sensor, integrated via Python to verify users of the system. The inclusion of biometrics improves the security features of the system. The secure voting system is built using PHP and easy to use Graphical User Interface was designed using HTML and CSS. Users are required to interact with the machine via a 7” touchscreen interface. From the results, it shows that the developed machine has a minimum response time of 0.6 seconds for specific operation, an FAR of 2%, FRR of 10% and overall system accuracy of 94%. The developed machine is able to combat the challenges of authentication of users, thereby guaranteeing the transparency, credibility, integrity and vote authenticity of the elections.

scholarly journals Is RoAsT tougher than StEAk?: The effect of case mixing on perception of multi-letter graphemes

Psihologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Havelka ◽  
Clive Frankish
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Visual Segmentation ◽  
Word Shape

Case mixing is a technique that is used to investigate the perceptual processes involved in visual word recognition. Two experiments examined the effect of case mixing on lexical decision latencies. The aim of these experiments was to establish whether different case mixing patterns would interact with the process of appropriate visual segmentation and phonological assembly in word reading. In the first experiment, case mixing had a greater effect on response times to words when it led to visual disruption of the multi-letter graphemes (MLGs) as well as the overall word shape (e.g. pLeAd), compared to when it disrupted overall word shape only (e.g. plEAd). A second experiment replicated this finding with words in which MLGs represent either the vowel (e.g. bOaST vs. bOAst) or the consonant sound (e.g. sNaCK vs. sNAcK). These results confirm that case mixing can have different effect depending on the type of orthographic unit that is broken up by the manipulation. They demonstrate that graphemes are units that play an important role in visual word recognition, and that manipulation of their presentation by case mixing will have a significant effect on response latencies to words in a lexical decision task. As such these findings need to be taken into account by the models of visual word recognition.

Abstract 9873: Comparing Base Locations for Drone-Delivered Defibrillators

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Benjamin Leung ◽  
Rahaf Al Assil ◽  
Brian Grunau ◽  
Jonathan Deakin ◽  
Sheldon Cheskes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fire Stations ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Base Location

Introduction: Drone-delivered defibrillators may improve response for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Prior studies have assumed that drones may be stationed at any police, fire, or paramedic station; however, cross-service implementation may not be logistically feasible. We sought to compare estimated response times by drone base location type. Methods: We included OHCAs (Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2020) in southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada where OHCA response includes fire and paramedic services. We created four models with candidate drone base locations at: police stations, fire stations, paramedic stations, and on a grid with 1 km sides as an optimistic model. We used mathematical optimization to select 1-5 drone bases for each model. Assuming a drone system had been in place during the study period and accounting for drone availability, we estimated 9-1-1 call-to-defibrillator intervals (measured to either drone, paramedic, or fire arrival) and calculated the proportion of OHCAs where a drone would arrive prior to fire and paramedic for each model. Median response times were compared to historical response using one-sided sign tests. Results: We included 1,610 OHCAs with a median historical response time of 6.4 mins (IQR 5.0-8.6). We identified 21 police stations, 59 fire stations, 21 paramedic stations, and 7,008 grid locations in the study area. Median 9-1-1 call-to-defibrillator intervals ranged from 4.3-5.3 mins for police, 4.3-5.3 mins for fire, 4.5-5.4 mins for paramedic, and 4.2-5.4 mins for grid locations (all P<0.001). Drones arrived prior to fire and paramedics in 36.6-65.4% of cases for police, 38.1-66.2% for fire, 37.3-63.2% for paramedic, and 35.7-66.8% for grid locations. Conclusion: Locating drone bases at different types of emergency service stations significantly decreases 9-1-1 call-to-defibrillator intervals, while resulting in similar response intervals to those achieved using optimistic grid-optimal locations.

scholarly journals Slow response times undermine trust in algorithmic (but not human) predictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Efendić ◽  
Philippe P.F.M. Van de Calseyde ◽  
Anthony M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Slow Response

In-Field Comparison between Fully Automatic and Semi-Automatic Defibrillators

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Bocka ◽  
Robert Swor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Lead Placement ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe purpose of this clinical study was to compare the prehospital use of fully automatic defibrillators versus semi-automatic defibrillators.Methods:Fully and semi-automatic defibrillator use by EMTs in neighboring communities was compared.Results:Both programs had similar response times, age and gender distribution, proportion of witnessed arrests, and proportion of patients found initially with ventricular fibrillation (VF). The time-to-shock from proper lead placement was shorter when the fully automatic defibrillator was used (16.6 vs. 44.3 seconds; p<.001) and the survival to hospital discharge rate was greater (26% vs. 0%; p=.O4). The semi-automatic defibrillators were more sensitive in detecting VF than were the fully automatic devices.Conclusions:These data support the need for further comparison of the efficacy and effectiveness of semi- and fully automatic, external defibrillators.

Visual Feedback and Lip-Positioning Skills of Children with and without Impaired Hearing

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Hearing Status ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Lip Movement ◽  
Hearing Children

Interplay between visual feedback and lip-positioning skill was studied in 10 5- to 14-year-old children with normal hearing and 10 with severe to profound hearing impairment. With visual feedback, the subjects in both groups had similar response times and accuracy in matching six visually specified lip separation "targets." Special skill in processing visual information by the hearing-impaired subjects was suggested by higher velocities of lip movement toward the targets and shorter latencies in reaching the goal positions. In the responses of the hearing children, lip-closing movements were executed more accurately than opening movements both with and without visual feedback. In general, the findings showed that, given visually displayed lip-position targets and feedback from positioning actions, children can achieve the targets with high accuracy regardless of hearing status or prior speaking experience.

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