Intelligent Interactive Visual Exploration of Temporal Associations among Multiple Time-oriented Patient Records

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shahar ◽  
M. Taieb-Maimon ◽  
D. Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Summary Objectives: To design, implement and evaluate the functionality and usability of a methodology and a tool for interactive exploration of time and value associations among multiple-patient longitudinal data and among meaningful concepts derivable from these data. Methods: We developed a new, user-driven, interactive knowledge-based visualization technique, called Temporal Association Charts (TACs). TACs support the investigation of temporal and statistical associations within multiple patient records among both con cepts and the temporal abstractions derived from them. The TAC methodology was implemented as part of an interactive system, called VISITORS, which supports intelligent visualization and exploration of longitudinal patient data. The TAC module was evaluated for functionality and usability by a group of ten users, five clinicians and five medical informaticians. Users were asked to answer ten questions using the VISITORS system, five of which required the use of TACs. Results: Both types of users were able to answer the questions in reasonably short periods of time (a mean of 2.5 ± 0.27 minutes) and with high accuracy (95.3 ± 4.5 on a 0–100 scale), without a significant difference between the two groups. All five questions requiring the use of TACs were answered with similar response times and accuracy levels. Similar accuracy scores were achieved for questions requiring the use of TACs and for questions requiring the use only of general exploration operators. However, response times when using TACs were slightly longer. Conclusions: TACs are functional and usable. Their use results in a uniform performance level, regardless of the type of clinical question or user group involved.

Rice tablet (Aluminum Phosphide) poisoning

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5041
Author(s):  
Farkhondeh Jamshidi ◽  
Ahmad Ghorbani ◽  
Sina Darvishi*
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning ◽  
Commit Suicide

The abuse of some pesticides especially to suicide is one of the current problems of pesticides. Aluminum phosphide induced poisoning usually happens to suicide and sometimes it is due to accidental occupational exposure and in a few cases it has some criminal intensions. This study is conducted to evaluate patients poisoned with aluminum phosphide. In the present study the medical records of cases of poisoning with rice tablets (aluminum phosphide) hospitalized in Ahvaz Razi hospital is studied. Accordingly, a checklist is prepared that included demographic information of patients (age, gender) and information on patient records (information on poisoning) are completed using the patients’ medical records. The analysis of data is done by SPSS V22. 18 patients poisoned with rice tablet (aluminum phosphide) are studied. Results of the study show that 11 patients are male and seven are female. The mean patient age is 27.06 ±8.04 years that is 28 ±9 and 25 ±6.02 in men and women respectively. Statistical tests show no statistically significant difference in mean age in both genders (P> 0.05). Among patients, 11 subjects took aluminum phosphide to attempt suicide and 3 cases took it unintentionally and of course the reason is not mentioned in four cases. Among the patients who tried to commit suicide by taking aluminum phosphide, 6 cases are male and 5 cases are female that no statistically significant difference is observed between the genders in this respect (P> 0.05). In addition to the study of the complications caused by this poisoning and its mortality, it is recommended to responsible authorities to provide the necessary educations and treatments to prevent this type of poisoning.

Lateralization of lexical processing in monolinguals and bilinguals

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110188
Author(s):  
Filiz Mergen ◽  
Gulmira Kuruoglu
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Orthographic Neighbors

Aims and objectives: This study aims to investigate how lexical processing (LP) is organized in early Turkish–English bilinguals and Turkish monolinguals. Methodology: We used a visual hemifield paradigm where bilingual ( n = 48) and monolingual ( n = 53) participants performed a lexical decision task. Bilingual participants performed the task in both their languages. Data and analysis: We recorded response times (RTs) and the accuracy rates (ARs) of the participants. An analysis of variance and t-test were run to analyze the bilingual and monolingual data, respectively. Findings: The results obtained from the analysis of the RTs and ARs for the Turkish and English words showed a balanced hemispheric organization in LP in bilingual speakers. The RTs for Turkish words in the monolingual group provided supportive evidence for the predominant role of the left hemisphere in LP. However, no significant difference was found in the accuracy of their answers, suggesting that the monolingual participants’ performance was not influenced by visual field of presentation of the words. Finally, the comparison of the two groups revealed that bilingual participants’ performance was inferior to monolinguals’ in speed and accuracy of processing of words presented in both visual fields. This result gives further support for the differential representation of LP in monolinguals and bilinguals. Originality: The psycholinguistic literature abounds with studies of LP in bilinguals and monolinguals from a variety of language backgrounds; however, there is much less data regarding the brain correlates of LP in Turkish–English bilinguals and Turkish monolinguals. Implications: Since Turkish–English bilinguals and Turkish monolinguals are underrepresented in the literature as compared to the population who speak other languages with alphabetic writing, this study provides preliminary data for future studies. Limitations: We did not control for gender or lexical factors such as orthographic neighbors when designing the word sets used as stimuli.

Properties of synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar cells in the mudpuppy retina

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Kim ◽  
R. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Rods And Cones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings

1. Simultaneous, whole-cell recordings were obtained from synaptically coupled photoreceptor/bipolar cell pairs, by the use of direct visualization in a superfused, mudpuppy retinal slice preparation. 2. OFF-bipolar cells (BPs) generated sign-conserving responses when extrinsic current was injected into rods and cones, whereas ON-BPs generated a sign-reversing response. OFF-BPs (n = 24) responded faster than ON-BPs (n = 12), in terms of response latency (27.8 vs. 80.6 ms) and peak response times (50.5 vs. 159.8 ms) when current was injected into photoreceptors. We did not detect any significant difference between rod- versus cone-mediated latency or peak response times in the ON- and OFF-BP subtypes. 3. Rod and cone inputs to OFF-BPs were blocked by kynurenic acid (Kyn), but the doses required were significantly higher for rod inputs: the IC50 (the concentration at which an antagonist blocks 50% of the responses) for Kyn was 0.3 mM for cone inputs and 1 mM for rod inputs. 4. Rod inputs to OFF-BPs showed the same Kyn sensitivity as rod inputs to horizontal cells (HCs). However, cone inputs to HCs (IC50 < 200 microM) were more sensitive to Kyn than those to OFF-BPs. 5. The pharmacological studies presented here, together with previous studies, suggest that the sign-conserving pathway in the outer plexiform layer of the mudpuppy retina involves at least three subtypes of glutamate receptors: 1) cone-activated receptors of HCs; 2) cone-activated receptors of OFF-BPs; and 3) rod-activated receptors found in HCs and BPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Development of an Auditory Passage Comprehension Task for Swedish Primary School Children of Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Johanna Carlie ◽  
Birgitta Sahlén ◽  
Jens Nirme ◽  
Ketty Andersson ◽  
Mary Rudner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Cultural And Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Language Exposure

Purpose This study reports on the development of an auditory passage comprehension task for Swedish primary school children of cultural and linguistic diversity. It also reports on their performance on the task in quiet and in noise. Method Eighty-eight children aged 7–9 years and showing normal hearing participated. The children were divided into three groups based on presumed language exposure: 13 children were categorized as Swedish-speaking monolinguals, 19 children were categorized as simultaneous bilinguals, and 56 children were categorized as sequential bilinguals. No significant difference in working memory capacity was seen between the three language groups. Two passages and associated multiple-choice questions were developed. During development of the passage comprehension task, steps were taken to reduce the impact of culture-specific prior experience and knowledge on performance. This was achieved by using the story grammar principles, universal topics and plots, and simple language that avoided complex or unusual grammatical structures and words. Results The findings indicate no significant difference between the two passages and similar response distributions. Passage comprehension performance was significantly better in quiet than in noise, regardless of language exposure group. The monolinguals outperformed both simultaneous and sequential bilinguals in both listening conditions. Conclusions Because the task was designed to minimize the effect of cultural knowledge on auditory passage comprehension, this suggests that compared with monolinguals, both simultaneous and sequential bilinguals have a disadvantage in auditory passage comprehension. As expected, the findings demonstrate that noise has a negative effect on auditory passage comprehension. The magnitude of this effect does not relate to language exposure. The developed auditory passage comprehension task seems suitable for assessing auditory passage comprehension in primary school children of linguistic and cultural diversity.

Abstract 606: Impaired Glucose Metabolism in the Triggering Receptor Expressed in Myeloid Cells Like Transcript- 1 Null Mice A Link to Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Castro Rivera ◽  
Abdías Díaz Rosado ◽  
Anthony V Washington
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Fat rich foods have been shown to produce increased body weight and diabetes in various strains of mice. When fed ad libitum with a high fat diet (HFD), apolipoprotein E deficient ( apoe -/- ) mice develop hypercholesterolemia, but are not known to be obese. Our laboratory demonstrated that the triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (TREM) like transcript-1 (TLT-1), as a potential target for intervention during atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity. Crossing the treml1 -/- mouse onto an apoe -/- background (DKO), we found DKO mice had smaller lesions than apoe -/- mice, yet had significantly higher triglycerides and weight gain over a 20-week period of HFD. Further investigation demonstrated treml1 -/- mice to have higher cholesterol than wild type mice (wt), suggesting the treml1 mutation contributes to the phenotype observed in DKO mice. Glucose evaluation of treml1 -/- , treml1 +/- and wt mice, showed a significant difference in basal glucose, and in plasma glucose clearance, as revealed by intraperitoneal (IP) glucose tolerance test. Analysis of serum insulin by ELISA showed no differences, while IP insulin tolerance test revealed treml1 -/- and treml1 +/- mice present apparent insulin hypersensitivity, as represented by the steady glucose decline 15 min post injection, with no recovery after two hours. Western blot performed in various tissues, demonstrated the presence of a TLT-1 splice variant that lacks the extracellular domain (TLT-1s), in the adipose tissue of treml1 -/- but not wt mice. Analysis of insulin response, in vivo by insulin sensitivity assay and in vitro using TSA 201 cells transfected with TLT-1s to determine the effect on AKT activation, revealed enhanced phosphorylation in the presence of TLT-1, with a similar response observed in vitro. This data support a model where TLT-1s modulation of AKT phosphorylation, increases adipocyte glucose uptake, leading to: low blood glucose levels, increased fatty acid production and storage, and the obese phenotype we observed in our mice.

Abstract WP261: Non-English-preferring Patients Have No Differences in Stroke Symptom Recognition or Emergency Care Time Metrics

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaw Natsui ◽  
Khawja A Siddiqui ◽  
Betty L Erfe ◽  
Nicte I Mejia ◽  
Lee H Schwamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Language Preference ◽  
Emergency Department Care ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Stroke Symptom ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: The influence of patients’ language preference on the delivery of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) care in the pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency care settings is scarcely known. We hypothesize that stroke knowledge differences may be associated with non-English preferring (NEP) patients having slower time from symptom discovery to hospital presentation and less engagement of emergency medical services (EMS) than English preferring (EP) patients. Language barriers may also interfere with the delivery of time-sensitive emergency department care. Objectives: To identify whether language preference is associated with differences in patients’ time from stroke symptom discovery to hospital arrival, activation of emergency medical services, door-to-imaging time (DIT), and door-to-needle (DTN) time. Methods: We identified consecutive AIS patients presenting to a single urban, tertiary, academic center between 01/2003-04/2014. Data was abstracted from the institution’s Research Patient Data Registry and Get with the Guidelines-Stroke Registry. Bivariate and regression models evaluated the relationship between language preference and: 1) time from symptom onset to hospital arrival, 2) use of EMS, 3) DIT, and 4) DTN time. Results: Of 3,190 AIS patients who met inclusion/exclusion criteria, 9.4% were NEP (n=300). Time from symptom discovery to arrival, and EMS utilization were not significantly different between NEP and EP patients in unadjusted or adjusted analyses (overall median time 157 minutes, IQR 55-420; EMS utilization: 65% vs. 61.3% p=0.21). There was no significant difference between NEP and EP patients in DIT or in likelihood of DIT ≤ 25 minutes in unadjusted or adjusted analyses (overall median 59 minutes, IQR 29-127; DIT ≤ 25 minutes 24.3% vs. 21.3% p=0.29). There was also no significant different in DTN time or in likelihood of DTN ≤ 60 minutes in unadjusted or adjusted analyses (overall median 53 minutes, IQR 36-73; DTN ≤ 60 minutes 62.5% vs. 58.2% p=0.60). Conclusion: Non-English-preferring patients have similar response to stroke symptoms as reflected by EMS utilization and time from symptom discovery to hospital arrival. Similarly, NEP patients have no differences in in-hospital AIS care metrics of DIT and DTN time.

Overexpression of Mig-6 in Cartilage Induces an Osteoarthritis-Like Phenotype in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Bellini ◽  
Michael Andrew Pest ◽  
Manuela Miranda Rodrigues ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Jae-Wook Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has been identified as a negative regulator of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Cartilage-specific Mig-6 knockout (KO) mice display increased EGFR signaling, an anabolic buildup of articular cartilage and formation of chondro-osseous nodules. Since our understanding of the EGFR/Mig-6 network in cartilage remains incomplete, we characterized mice with cartilage-specific overexpression of Mig-6 in this study. Methods: Utilizing knee joints from cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpressing (Mig-6over/over) mice (at multiple time points), we evaluated the articular cartilage using histology, immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative histopathological scoring (OARSI) at multiple ages. MicroCT analysis was employed to examine skeletal morphometry, body composition, and bone mineral density.Results: Our data show that cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpression did not cause any major developmental abnormalities in articular cartilage, although Mig-6over/over mice have slightly shorter long bones compared to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and body composition in any of the groups. However, our results indicate that Mig-6over/over male mice show accelerated cartilage degeneration at 12 and 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 demonstrated that the number of positively stained cells in Mig-6over/over mice was decreased relative to controls. Immunostaining for MMP13 appeared increased in areas of cartilage degeneration in Mig-6over/over mice. Moreover, staining for phospho-EGFR (Tyr-1173) and lubricin (PRG4) was decreased in the articular cartilage of Mig-6over/over mice. Conclusion: Overexpression of Mig-6 in articular cartilage causes no major developmental phenotype; however, these mice develop earlier OA during aging. These data demonstrate that Mig-6/EGFR pathways is critical for joint homeostasis and might present a promising therapeutic target for OA.

Accuracy and Speed of Orthographic Processing in Persons with Developmental Dyslexia

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne M. King ◽  
Linda L. Lombardino ◽  
Sarah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Typically Achieving ◽  
Reading Disabled

A group of 39 persons (20 male and 19 female, 11.0 to 32.5 yr.) with developmental dyslexia and 42 controls (21 male and 21 female, 11.2 to 32.3 years) were compared on computerized tests of sight word reading, nonword decoding, and spelling recognition. The subjects with developmental dyslexia performed significantly slower and less accurately than controls on all tasks. Further, the effect size of the group differences was larger for the older group. Within-group analyses showed a significant difference by age group on accuracy. Only the control group showed a significant age difference between groups on response time. Mean accuracy and response times for the reading-disabled subjects resembled shifted versions of the control group means. These results agree with previous reports that phonological deficits persist for reading-disabled adults and suggest a test of whether the discrepancy between reading-disabled and typically achieving readers may actually increase across age groups.

Efficacy and safety of cladribine: Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration in hairy cell leukemia.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7013-7013
Author(s):  
Tarek Yakout Mohamed ◽  
Mosaad El Gammal ◽  
Alfred Elias Namour ◽  
Raafat Ragaie Abdel Malek ◽  
Ola Khorshid
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hairy Cell Leukemia ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Hairy Cell ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

7013 Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Its treatment has evolved from splenectomy with time to failure (TTF) of 19 months to Cladribine that increased complete remission (CR) rate to 90%, with only small percentage of patients relapsing at 30 months. Cladribine (CDA) is originally administered intravenously as continuous infusion for 7 days; Subsequently, it was administered subcutaneously. This study aims at comparing efficacy and toxicity of Subcutaneous (SC) versus Intravenous (IV) administration of CDA in treatment of HCL. Methods: This retrospective study included HCL patients presented to National Cancer Institute and Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt, during period 2004-2010. Included patients received CDA as 1st or 2nd line with minimum follow up of 12 months. All files were reviewed for baseline clinical & laboratory parameters, route of administration, response, adverse events and survival. Results: This study included 49 eligible patients, 41 patients received CDA as 1st line treatment, while 8 patients as 2nd line. Eighteen patients were treated by continuous IV infusion whereas 31 patients by SC injections. Both groups were comparable regarding baseline clinical and laboratory parameters with no statistically significant difference. At median follow up period of 33.5 months, complete remission rate was 94% in IV group versus 97% in SC group (p=0.691); median TTF for IV group was 52.9 months while that for SC group was not reached (p=0.035). The median time to achieve CR in both arms was similar. By analyzing different factors affecting TTF using multivariate analysis, route of administration proved to be the only statistically significant factor (P=0.006). Regarding adverse events, there was no difference between both groups in hematological toxicities. IV route was associated with a significant higher incidence of mucositis (p=0.02) and viral infections (p=0.01). Hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity were higher in SC group but difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: SC administration of cladribine is an alternative route to IV in treatment of HCL with similar response rate, longer time to treatment failure and better tolerability.

Impact of obesity in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 346-346
Author(s):  
Amanda Leiter ◽  
John Doucette ◽  
Susanne Krege ◽  
Chia-Chi Lin ◽  
Noah M. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

346 Background: Obesity has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with clinically localized urothelial cancer. However, the impact of obesity on outcomes of patients with metastatic disease has not previously been evaluated. Methods: Data from 537 patients were aggregated from eight phase II and phase III clinical trials investigating first-line cisplatin-based combination therapy in metastatic urothelial cancer. Chemotherapy regimen, adverse events, treatment response, and survival outcomes were compared across body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) categories. Results: BMI was classified according to WHO criteria (<18.5 underweight (4.1 % of patients), 18.5-24.99 normal weight (42.8%), 25-29.99 overweight (41.0%), >30 obese (12.1%)). BSA was classified as either below (56.8% of patients) or greater than or equal to (43.2%) the European average (1.91 m2 for males and 1.71 m2 for females). There was no significant difference in number of chemotherapy cycles across BMI and BSA categories. Patients’ treatment regimens significantly differed across BMI (p=0.02) and BSA (p<0.01) categories, with patients with higher BMI category and average or above BSA more likely to receive gemcitabine-cisplatin-based therapy rather than MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin)-based or other therapy regimens. There was no significant difference in adverse events across BMI categories, but the incidence of embolic events was significantly higher in patients with an average or higher BSA (6.6%) than those with a lower than average BSA (2.7%) (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in response rate or survival outcomes (overall and progression-free) amongst BMI and BSA categories. Conclusions: Obese patients with metastatic urothelial cancer on cisplatin-based therapies have similar response rates and survival outcomes to non-obese patients. Toleration of cisplatin-based therapy is similar across BMI and BSA categories, with the exception of a higher incidence of embolic events in patients with an above average BSA.

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