Building inter-ethnic bridges or promoting ethno-territorial demarcation lines? Hungarian minority parties in competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bochsler ◽  
Edina Szöcsik
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Governments

Parties of ethnic minorities are flourishing in a large number of ethnically divided democracies. While academic research has studied their emergence and success, we know little about intra-group party competition. This paper discusses the reasons for intra-group political plurality, with a focus on intra-party conflict and intra-group party competition: it explains the political orientation of ethnic minority parties and their intra-group challengers as a consequence of the inclusion of minority parties into government. The inclusion of minority parties into national governments produces an inherent conflict between pragmatic office-seekers and radical partisans. In minority parties that have governmental responsibilities, the pragmatist view overwhelms, while in those parties in opposition, radical voices dominate. The formation of two intra-Hungarian challenger parties in Romania and in Slovakia in 2007 and 2009 represents two very similar cases, which appear to be in line with our hypotheses.

The Combination of Gender and Ethnic Quotas in Electoral Politics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Ethnic Minority Women ◽  
Multicultural Feminism ◽  
Ethnic Quotas ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Legislatures

Around the world, countries are increasingly using quotas to enhance the diversity of political representatives. This chapter considers the histories and policy designs of ethnic and gender quotas that regulate national legislatures. Most countries with quotas target only one type of under-represented group—for example, women or ethnic minorities. Even in countries with both gender and ethnic quotas (called ‘tandem quotas’), the policies typically evolved separately and work differently. Women and ethnic minorities are treated as distinct groups, ignoring the political position of ethnic minority women. However, a handful of countries have ‘nested quotas’ that specifically regulate the political inclusion of ethnic minority women. The second half the chapter focuses explicitly on nested quotas. It lays out how nested quotas work, where and how they have been adopted, and the prospect for their spread to new countries in the future. The chapter concludes with reflections on the promises and pitfalls of nested quotas as a vehicle for multicultural feminism.

Minority Representation and Reserved Legislative Seats in Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. King ◽  
Cosmin Gabriel Marian
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Minority Representation ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
State Subsidies

Approximately 32 nations currently use reservation of legislative seats for minority voices, whether by race, ethnicity, language, religion, or territory. Romania has among the most extensive and complicated arrangement of reserved seats, with 18 different ethnic minorities currently provided special parliamentary representation. This paper addresses two key political issues: how is it determined that there exists a valid ethnic minority deserving of recognition with a reserved seat? What are the political consequences from the broad allocation of reserved seats? The paper understands a reserved legislative seat as a distributive good over which rival claimants assert contested title. The state has incentive to avoid controversial choices although this is not always possible. Incumbent interests have incentive to restrict competitive entry without appearing to violate the principles of open inclusion. As seen through the Romanian case, the regime consequence from this dynamic tends to be clientele politics, in which minority organizations emerge segmented, dependent, and relatively powerless, yet simultaneously satisfied that they can guarantee by means of state subsidies the foundations for group identity.

Chinese Ethnic Minorities and their Oral Poetry: A Perspective from Ethnopoetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Cai Qin ◽  
Cheng Ta Seah
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Oral Poetry ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Restoration Process ◽  
Long Poems ◽  
Chinese Ethnic Minorities

Ethnopoetics involves in the conducting of translation experiments on oral poems of native ethnic groups, converting its relevant oral texts into written forms. The theory of ethnographic poetry begins in the 1970s and was translated and introduced to China in the early 21st century. However, most ethnic minorities in China do not have textual writings. Their oral creations from primitive society to modern society such as epics, long poems, narrative poems, ballads, and folk songs are mostly in form of oral poetry. The collection and translation of oral poems of ethnic minorities in China began in the late 1950s, that demarcated the beginning of ethnopoetics in China. In this article, the reasons behind the collection and translation of Chinese ethnic minority oral poems will be analysed. The restoration process of ethnopoetics and the connections between the collections and the translations, and the issues on whether translation is consistent to Chinese ethnic minority oral poems will also be further elaborated. The history of Chinese ethnic minorities oral poetry traces back to a long history and consists of a variety of themes and contents. Therefore, the restoration process of ethnopoetic research on the relationship between oral culture and written culture not only have gained the attention from the Chinese academic community, but also shown strong interests by the Western academic research community and worldwide.

RECRUITING AND USING CONTINGENT OF CADRES, CIVIL SERVANTS AND OFFICIALS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phí Hùng Cương
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Political System ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Important Task ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
International Integration ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Determining the urgent needs of attracting, recruiting and employing a contingent of cadres, civil servants and officials of ethnic minorities in the political system is essential. This is not only an important task of the Party and State of ethnic minority cadres’ work but also aims to resolve urgent issues to meet the objective requirements of ethnic minority areas in the period of promoting industrialization - modernization and international integration. The research assesses the current needs of attracting, recruiting and using cadres, civil servants and officials of ethnic minorities in the political system; At the same time, there is an overall, in-depth and important view of the importance of ethnic minority cadres for the socio-economic development in ethnic minority and mountainous areas.

Ethnic Identity and Party Competition. An Analysis of the Electoral Performance of Ethnoregionalist Parties in Western Europe

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Tronconi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Electoral Performance

The study of ethnoregionalist parties, therefore, allows us to explore an aspect of the Western European party systems that is of primary importance but to which so far the academic literature has not paid due attention. Specifically, as it will be illustrated more thoroughly over the next few pages, the image that these parties are bound exclusively to their function as representatives of a peripheral ethnic minority is utterly inadequate, whichever way one defines it. A closer look at their recent evolution and programmes will show instead that ethnoregionalist parties are much more dynamic and ready, on many occasions, to review their collocation in the political space as well as objectives, short and long-term strategies. This results in frequent raids on political territories normally under the control of major parties and in the taking away of a portion of disaffected or disappointed voters, with varying degrees of success. In other words, we will show that ethnoregionalist parties act (at least in specific cases, at specific moments) as protest or challenging parties as they provide an alternative to the traditional established ones.

SOLUTIONS SUPPORTING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Dung
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right

Ethnic minority and mountainous areas are considered to be strategically important especially in the political, socio-economic, defense and security fields of the country. In the past years, thanks to the deep concern of the Party and State, the material and spiritual life of ethnic minorities has changed and gradually improved. Apart from the achievements, up to now, the socio-economy of the ethnic minority and mountainous areas are still lagging behind the rest of the country, the lives of ethnic minorities are still difficult. One of the main causes is “Lack of capital for development investment”, which is a big obstacle for the region’s economic development. From the above issues, recognizing the right challenges to the development of ethnic minority and mountainous areas to find solutions for development to be a process that needs to be addressed, studied.

Rap and cultural change: Authenticity and hybrid identities in the music of rappers of African descent in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Mikko Malmberg
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Rap Music ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Hybrid Identities ◽  
Music Scenes

In many European countries, the different local rap music scenes were originally founded by marginalized ethnic minority youths, and in academia, the genre is often discussed as resistance music that these youths employ to challenge oppressive cultural hegemonies. Thus, the focus in academic research has often been on rappers who are openly political and critical towards their societies in their music. However, as rap has become highly popular and influential within global youth culture, many academics have become increasingly concerned about its messages, arguing that commercial rap with apolitical, materialistic and self-obsessed lyrics have replaced rap’s anti-hegemonic resistance messages. This article challenges the idea that the majority of contemporary rap music is either harmful or insignificant and that only openly political and socially critical rap is worthy of academic praise. Instead, by focusing on the music of Finnish rappers of African descent, this article examines how rap music by marginalized ethnic minorities can challenge oppressive cultural hegemonies and foster cultural change because of an element that unites all rap: the central role of authenticity.

Communism, Federalism, and Ethnic Minorities: Explaining Party Competition Patterns in Eastern Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rovny
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
East European ◽  
Liberal Market Economy

Scholarship on East European politics expects that party competition in the region is determined by various communist legacies, juxtaposing state-centric authoritarianism to a liberal market economy. Recent empirical evidence, however, uncovers significant variance of party competition patterns across East European countries. To explain this variance, this article argues that an interaction between communist institutional framework and partisan responses to ethnic minorities determines party competition structure in the region. While experience with communist federalism determines partisan affinities with ethnic minorities, tolerance or support for ethnic minorities leads the political actors associated with those minorities to general socially liberal positions. Consequently—and contrary to received knowledge—ethnic politics influence the ideological content of party competition and structure party systems in Eastern Europe.

Kämpfe um Bergbau und die Möglichkeiten demokratischer Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the political effects of popular consultations as a means of direct democracy in struggles over mining. Building on concepts from participatory and materialist democracy theory, it shows the transformative potentials of processes of direct democracy towards democratization and emancipation under, and beyond, capitalist and liberal democratic conditions. Empirically the analysis is based on a case study on the protests against the La Colosa gold mining project in Colombia. The analysis reveals that although processes of direct democracy in conflicts over mining cannot transform existing class inequalities and social power relations fundamentally, they can nevertheless alter elements thereof. These are for example the relationship between local and national governments, changes of the political agenda of mining and the opening of new spaces for political participation, where previously there were none. It is here where it’s emancipatory potential can be found.

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