Peer acceptance in early childhood and subtypes of socially withdrawn behaviour in China, Russia, and the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig H. Hart ◽  
Chongming Yang ◽  
Larry J. Nelson ◽  
Clyde C. Robinson ◽  
Joseph A. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Sociometric Ratings

To assess whether subtypes of withdrawal could be similarly identified by teachers and linked to peer group adjustment in mainland China, Russia, and the United States, 642 4- to 6-year-old children in these diverse cultural contexts were rated on items reflecting reticent, solitary-passive, solitary-active, and sociable behaviour (cf. Coplan & Rubin, 1998). Linkages of childhood withdrawal to peer group adjustment were also investigated using peer sociometric ratings. Findings, based on multisample confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that separate factors were required to represent the three withdrawn subtypes in each cultural setting. However, US and Russian teachers made finer discriminations between subtypes than did Chinese teachers. Controlling for other withdrawn subtypes, reticent behaviour was uniquely related to lower sociometric ratings in all three cultures. Sociability was associated with higher sociometric ratings in these diverse settings. Findings are interpreted in the light of cultural considerations.

Coverage of the Iraq War in the United States, Mainland China, Taiwan and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Yi-Ning Katherine Chen ◽  
Hong Vu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Radoslaw Aksamit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The United States

Determinants of U.S. Exports to China

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Bosworth ◽  
Susan M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Gravity Equations ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines U.S. goods trade with China, focusing on the performance of exports. Throughout the analysis, we explore whether U.S. trade is unusual by contrasting it with trade from Japan and the EU-15.1 The issue is examined from three perspectives: the commodity composition of exports, the role of multinational corporations (MNCs), and the determinants of trade as specified in a formal “gravity model.” As an initial point of departure, we show that the commodity composition of U.S. exports to China is similar to the pattern of exports to the world as a whole, and that the operations of U.S. MNCs have only minor implications for trade with China. Consequently, we emphasize the estimation of a set of “gravity equations” that explore the role of market size and distance from the United States. Distance exerts a surprisingly large effect on trade. Finally, although exports to China may be a small share of U.S. GDP, they are relatively substantial compared to U.S. exports to other countries. In other words, the measure of U.S. trade performance in China is distorted by the low level of its exports to all countries. We present evidence that the United States underperforms as an exporter relative to a peer group of high-income European countries and Japan.

Analysis of patterns of use, production, and activity in kid YouTuber channels. A longitudinal study through three cultural contexts: United States, United Kingdom, and Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Martínez-Pastor ◽  
Ricardo Vizcaíno-Laorga ◽  
David Atauri-Mezquida
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
Production Frequency

Abstract This paper analyzes the data collected about 5,388 videos from the 15 leading channels from Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States focusing on toys and in which the protagonists are children under 14 years of age (2011–2019). It aims to determine whether there are common patterns of use, production, and activity in videos by kid YouTubers. Specific software was developed to enable information to be gathered from the YouTube platform through the YouTube Data API by analyzing the date on which the video was published, length, number of visits, likes, dislikes, and visits/vote (visits/[likes+dislikes]). The main conclusions drawn are that a channel’s success is not dependent on a pattern or specific characteristics, although an impulse pattern has been detected; participation by children who consume content in the United States differs significantly from participation by those in Europe; and certain similarities based on video length and production frequency can be observed between channels.

Cultural Considerations in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Cecil R. Webster ◽  
Cynthia J. Telingator
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Considerations

“Pride Comes in Many Colors”

Pride Parades ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine McFarland Bruce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Pride Parades ◽  
Cultural Code

Chapter Four continues the comparison of contemporary Pride parades from the previous chapter, focusing on the differences between the various expressions of Pride across the United States. While pursuing a common model of cultural change, each parade promotes visibility, support, and celebration using symbols and messages adapted to their local cultural contexts. When the level of tolerance varies, so too does the expression of identities defying the heteronormative cultural code. Additionally, through their variation Pride parades deal differently with the three identified issues – visibility, support, celebration - that began in the phenomenon’s early years. With still unsettled debates, Pride parades wrestle with provocative displays, commercialization, and maintaining a sense of purpose amid the festivity.

Dynamic Co-Evolutions of Peace Frames in the United States, Mainland China, and Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
pp. 145-168
Author(s):  
Ke Jiang ◽  
George A. Barnett ◽  
Laramie D. Taylor ◽  
Bo Feng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Semantic Network Analysis ◽  
Xinhua News Agency ◽  
South China Morning

This chapter employs semantic network analysis to investigate the online database LexisNexis to study the dynamic co-evolutions of peace frames embedded in the news coverage from the Associated Press (AP--United States), Xinhua News Agency (XH--Mainland China), and South China Morning Post (SCMP—Hong Kong). From 1995 to 2014, while the war and harmony frames were relatively stable in AP and XH respectively, there was a trend toward convergence of the use of war frames between AP and XH. The convergence of semantic networks of coverage of peace in AP and XH may have left more room for SCPM to develop a unique peace frame, and the divergence of semantic networks of coverage of peace in AP and XH may lead SCPM to develop strategies of balancing the frames employed by AP and XH, thus creating a hybrid peace frame.

Procedures and Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Philippe D’Iribarne ◽  
Sylvie Chevrier ◽  
Alain Henry ◽  
Jean-Pierre Segal ◽  
Geneviève Tréguer-Felten
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Strict Compliance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

The content of expected procedures, their precision, the more or less strict compliance requested, and the way their implementation is audited, depend on cultural contexts. The first part of the chapter depicts a Cameroonian company in which the expectations for detailed procedures manuals to be applied literally are high. Such a use of procedures can be explained by the need to ward off the underlying fear that personal relationships outweigh the objectivity of the rules. Conversely, the second part shows that, in France, detailed operating procedures in the automotive and nuclear sectors contradict the quest for autonomy, associated with the importance of mastering one’s profession. A comparison with the nuclear sector in the United States shows that there the stakes are again different. This chapter deals with the way procedures are articulated with the expectations and fears, specific to each universe of meaning, which are generally ignored.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goldsworthy Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Interpretive Practices ◽  
Apparent Reasons ◽  
Over Time

Much of the controversy surrounding constitutional interpretation concerns two issues. The first is a version of a conundrum that has perplexed lawyers for millennia: should the interpretation of a law he governed mainly by its ‘letter’, or by its ‘spirit’? The second issue is the extent to which the meaning of a constitution can, and should, be determined by the original intentions, purposes, or understandings of its founders. This issue pits so-called ‘non-originalists’ against ‘originalists’. This book explores the constitutions of six countries — Australia, Canada, Germany, India, South Africa, and the United States — and how they have been interpreted by their highest courts. It examines whether the courts' interpretive practices have changed over time, the apparent reasons for any changes, and whether the courts apply the same interpretive principles to different areas of constitutional law, such as federalism, separation of powers, and individual rights. The book then reflects on the institutional, political, social, and cultural contexts that might help to explain differences between the practices of these courts.

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