Nodule numbers, colonization rates, and carbon accumulations of white clover response of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation in the dual symbionts of rhizobial and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (18) ◽  
pp. 2259-2268
Author(s):  
Yongbin Zhang ◽  
Xuehai Ju ◽  
Ting Hong ◽  
Zhifang Li
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Starvation ◽  
Colonization Rates

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soibam Helena Devi ◽  
Ingudam Bhupenchandra ◽  
Soibam Sinyorita ◽  
S.K. Chongtham ◽  
E. Lamalakshmi Devi
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation

The 20thcentury witnessed an augmentation in agricultural production, mainly through the progress and use of pesticides, fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, and developments in plant breeding and genetic skills. In the naturally existing ecology, rhizospheric soils have innumerable biological living beings to favor the plant development, nutrient assimilation, stress tolerance, disease deterrence, carbon seizing and others. These organisms include mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, etc. which solubilize nutrients and assist the plants in up taking by roots. Amongst them, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have key importance in natural ecosystem, but high rate of chemical fertilizer in agricultural fields is diminishing its importance. The majority of the terrestrial plants form association with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This symbiosis confers benefits directly to the host plant’s growth and development through the acquisition of Phosphorus (P) and other mineral nutrients from the soil by the AMF. They may also enhance the protection of plants against pathogens and increases the plant diversity. This is achieved by the growth of AMF mycelium within the host root (intra radical) and out into the soil (extra radical) beyond. Proper management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi has the potential to improve the profitability and sustainability of agricultural systems. AM fungi are especially important for sustainable farming systems because AM fungi are efficient when nutrient availability is low and when nutrients are bound to organic matter and soil particles.

scholarly journals Single or dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia regulates plant growth and nitrogen acquisition in white clover

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Miao-Miao Xie ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Ze-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Dual Inoculation ◽  
N Acquisition

The present work aimed to analyse whether and how single or dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Funneliformis mosseae, Paraglomus occultum, and Rhizophagus intraradices) and rhizobia (Rhizobium trifolii) improved plant growth and stimulated nitrogen (N) acquisition of white clover. AMF inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased root nodule number by 117‒173%, and additional Rh considerably stimulated mycorrhizal growth. Single AMF or Rh treatment dramatically increased shoot by 36‒281% and root biomass by 16‒36% than non-inoculated control, and dual inoculation of Rh and P. occultum or R. intraradices further magnified the positive effect. Leaf and root N content, root total soluble protein content, root nitrogenase activity, and amino acid (e.g., alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, phenylalanine, proline, and tryptophan) concentrations were significantly increased by single or dual inoculation, while dual inoculation of AMF and Rh had significantly superior roles than single corresponding AMF or Rh inoculation. These results suggested that AMF and Rh represented synergetic effects on accelerating N acquisition of white clover to some extent, while the combination of P. occultum and Rh was the best.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection in three aromatic plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Del Carmen Pérez-Luna
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of secondary metabolites in Petroselinum crispum, Salvia officinalis and Dysphania ambrosioides. Three treatments were established: Control (C), commercial inoculum (CI) and native inoculum (NI). Every 15 days height, stem diameter and number of leaves were measured. The percentage of colonization was assessed by staining of roots, and identification of flavonoids through TLC thin layer chromatography, finally the concentration of total phenols was evaluated by spectrophotometry from the ethanol extracts of each plant. The results of development of biomass and the percentage of colonization show statistically significant difference for the three variables evaluated (P≤0.05) from each culture in the treatment of NI with respect to control, showing a greater effect on plants of S. officinalis (51% and 91%, respectively). Chromatography reveals the presence of flavonoids in the three plants; however this is more intense for the treatment of NI, showing increased production of total phenols in S. officinalis. Finally, the chemical characterization of the substrate shows a higher assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus (0.11% and 0.35 mg / kg respectively) in S. officinalis associated with a native inoculum (NI). 

scholarly journals Physiological responses of mycorrhizal symbiosis to drought stress in white clover

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12209
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min LIANG ◽  
Dao-Ju JIANG ◽  
Miao-Miao XIE ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on leaf water status, root morphology, root sugar accumulation, root abscisic acid (ABA) levels, root malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and root antioxidant enzyme activities in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) exposed to well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. The results showed that root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was significantly decreased by 7-week soil drought treatment. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal fungal treatment considerably stimulated root total length, surface area and volume, as compared with non-mycorrhizal controls. In addition, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi also increased leaf relative water content and accelerated the accumulation of root glucose and fructose under drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants under drought stress registered higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) and ABA levels in roots, while lower MDA contents, relative to non-mycorrhizal plants. As a result, mycorrhiza-inoculated plants represented better physiological activities (e.g. antioxidant defense systems, root morphology, and sugar accumulation) than non-inoculated plants in response to soil drought, whilst P. occultum had superior effects than F. mosseae.

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