scholarly journals Flavonoids exclusively present in mycorrhizal roots of white clover exhibit a different effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than flavonoids exclusively present in non-mycorrhizal roots of white clover

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Scervino ◽  
María A. Ponce ◽  
Rosa Erra-Bassells ◽  
Horst Vierheilig ◽  
Juan A. Ocampo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

scholarly journals Acaulospora as the Dominant Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Organic Lowland Rice Paddies Improves Phosphorus Availability in Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Khachonphong Nopphakat ◽  
Phanthipha Runsaeng ◽  
Lompong Klinnawee
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Flooding in rainfed lowlands greatly impairs the mutualistic relationship between indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rice. In flooded soils, root colonization by AMF is arrested, but some AMF genera, defined as the core AMF, remain present. However, the core AMF in rainfed lowlands and their symbiotic roles remain unknown. Here, we showed that Acaulospora fungi were the core AMF in rice seedling roots of the Sangyod Muang Phatthalung (SMP) landrace rice variety grown in non-flooded and flooded paddy soils. Subsequently, indigenous Acaulospora spores were propagated by trap cultures using maize as the host plants. Therefore, to clarify the roles of cultured Acaulospora spores in a symbiotic partnership, the model japonica rice variety Nipponbare was grown in sterile soil inoculated with Acaulospora spores, and recolonized with a native microbial filtrate from the organic rice paddy soil. Our data demonstrated that the inoculation of Acaulospora spores in well-drained soil under a nutrient-sufficient condition for six weeks enabled 70 percent of the rice roots to be colonized by the fungi, leading to higher phosphate (Pi) accumulation in the mycorrhizal roots. Unexpectedly, the growth of rice seedlings was significantly suppressed by inoculation while photosynthetic parameters such as fractions of incoming light energy and relative chlorophyll content were unaltered. In the soil, the Acaulospora fungi increased soil phosphorus (P) availability by enhancing the secretion of acid phosphatase in the mycorrhizal roots. The findings of this work elucidate the symbiotic roles of the dominant Acaulospora fungi from lowland rice paddies.

scholarly journals Single or dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia regulates plant growth and nitrogen acquisition in white clover

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Miao-Miao Xie ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Ze-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Dual Inoculation ◽  
N Acquisition

The present work aimed to analyse whether and how single or dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Funneliformis mosseae, Paraglomus occultum, and Rhizophagus intraradices) and rhizobia (Rhizobium trifolii) improved plant growth and stimulated nitrogen (N) acquisition of white clover. AMF inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased root nodule number by 117‒173%, and additional Rh considerably stimulated mycorrhizal growth. Single AMF or Rh treatment dramatically increased shoot by 36‒281% and root biomass by 16‒36% than non-inoculated control, and dual inoculation of Rh and P. occultum or R. intraradices further magnified the positive effect. Leaf and root N content, root total soluble protein content, root nitrogenase activity, and amino acid (e.g., alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, phenylalanine, proline, and tryptophan) concentrations were significantly increased by single or dual inoculation, while dual inoculation of AMF and Rh had significantly superior roles than single corresponding AMF or Rh inoculation. These results suggested that AMF and Rh represented synergetic effects on accelerating N acquisition of white clover to some extent, while the combination of P. occultum and Rh was the best.  

scholarly journals Plants export 2-monopalmitin and supply both fatty acyl and glyceryl moieties to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie H Luginbuehl ◽  
Harrie van Erp ◽  
Henry Cheeld ◽  
Kirankumar S Mysore ◽  
Jiangqi Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) rely on their host plants to provide them with fatty acids (FA), but the precise form(s) in which they are supplied is still unclear. Here we show that ectopic expression of the transcription factor REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 1 (RAM1) can drive secretion of 2-monoacylglycerols (2MGs) from Medicago truncatula roots and that their main FA moiety is palmitic acid, although myristic acid and stearic acid were also detected. RAM1-dependent 2MG secretion requires the acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase FATM, the glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) acyltransferase RAM2 and the ATP binding cassette transporter STR. Furthermore, 14C glycerol labelling experiments using mycorrhizal M. truncatula roots that are deficient in glycerol kinase, FAD-dependent G3P dehydrogenase and the G3P acyltransferase RAM2 suggest that most of the glyceryl moieties in Rhizophagus irregularis storage lipids are provided by their host plant through the 2MG pathway. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that the plant exports 2MGs across the peri-arbuscular membrane in mycorrhizal roots and that the AMF receive and utilise both the FA and glyceryl moieties to make their storage lipids.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of mycorrhizal symbiosis to drought stress in white clover

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12209
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min LIANG ◽  
Dao-Ju JIANG ◽  
Miao-Miao XIE ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on leaf water status, root morphology, root sugar accumulation, root abscisic acid (ABA) levels, root malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and root antioxidant enzyme activities in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) exposed to well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. The results showed that root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was significantly decreased by 7-week soil drought treatment. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal fungal treatment considerably stimulated root total length, surface area and volume, as compared with non-mycorrhizal controls. In addition, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi also increased leaf relative water content and accelerated the accumulation of root glucose and fructose under drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants under drought stress registered higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) and ABA levels in roots, while lower MDA contents, relative to non-mycorrhizal plants. As a result, mycorrhiza-inoculated plants represented better physiological activities (e.g. antioxidant defense systems, root morphology, and sugar accumulation) than non-inoculated plants in response to soil drought, whilst P. occultum had superior effects than F. mosseae.

Colonization of crop and pasture species with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a negative correlation with root infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
G. B. Wildermuth
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

The roots of 37 crop and pasture species were assessed for vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in a vertisol containing spores of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mainly Glomus mosseae, and of the pathogenic fungus, Bipolaris sorokiniana. The level of mycorrhizal colonization of different hosts is an important aspect of managing crop sequences to reduce "long fallow disorder." All species except rapeseed in the Cruciferae and lupin in the Leguminosae were hosts, although perennial rye grass in the Gramineae had only very slight colonization. The percent root length colonized as assessed by the grid-intersect method ranged up to 60.5% for wheat in the winter series and up to 98.4% for mungbean in the summer series. Greatest weights of mycorrhizal roots were produced by phalaris grass, chickpea, safflower, cocksfoot, lucerne, and barley in the winter series and by lucerne, maize, canary seed, Sudan grass, grain sorghum, and buffel grass in the summer series. Although Gramineae as a group tends to have fine roots with a low percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, the total weight of mycorrhizal roots can be large, and they should be at least equal to legumes in effectiveness for breaking long fallow disorder. Percentages of mycorrhizal colonization determined by the grid-intersect and three slide methods were generally well correlated with one another, but all were less strongly correlated with weight of mycorrhizal roots for winter crops and were entirely uncorrelated with weight of mycorrhizal roots for summer crops. Significant inverse-regression relationships were obtained between infection of root segments (but not of stem bases) by B. sorokiniana and root colonization with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, indicating that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi antagonise root infection by B. sorokiniana.

scholarly journals Cadmium effect on the association of jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Adrián López de Andrade ◽  
Renato Atílio Jorge ◽  
Adriana Parada Dias da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Extraradical Mycelium ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

The effect of cadmium (Cd) on mycorrhizal association and on shoot and root Cd concentration was investigated in jackbean plants under hydroponic conditions. The treatments consisted of the inoculation of three different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus etunicatum, G. intraradices and G. macrocarpum, and a non-inoculated control, two Cd (0 and 5 µmol L-1) and two P (1 and 10 mg L-1) levels in the nutrient solution. Mycorrhizal colonization, length of AMF extraradical mycelium, guaiacol peroxidase activity in roots, plant growth and root and shoot Cd and P concentrations were determined. Mycorrhizal status did not promote jackbean growth but in most of the cases mycorrhization increased root and shoot Cd concentrations. Cd ions were accumulated mainly in roots and only small amounts were translocated to the shoot. Cd addition did not affect root colonization by AMF but the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) was sensitive to the added Cd. ERM length was reduced by 25% in the presence of Cd. This reduction was more pronounced under conditions of low P concentration. Also at this P concentration, Cd addition decreased guaiacol peroxidase activity in non-mycorrhizal roots and in roots colonized by G. macrocarpum. However, mycorrhizal roots maintained lower values of peroxidase activity. G. etunicatum showed the best performance when associated to jackbean plants and it could be a promising association for phytoremediation of Cd- contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobia on Physiological Activities in White Clover (Trifolium repens)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Tian Tang ◽  
Miao-Miao Xie ◽  
Si-Min Chen ◽  
Si-Min Zhang ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
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