Three-Stage Procedures for Selecting the Largest Normal Mean

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-261
Author(s):  
N. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
J. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mean

Very Low Activated Factor VII and Reduced Factor VII Antigen in Familial Abetalipoproteinaemia

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (08) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Mitropoulos ◽  
M. N. Nanjee ◽  
D. J. Howarth ◽  
J. C. Martin ◽  
M. P. Esnouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Unesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Factor Xi ◽  
Activated Factor Vii ◽  
Normal Mean

SummaryAbetalipoproteinaemia is a rare disorder of apolipoprotein B metabolism associated with extremely low plasma concentrations of triglyce-ride. To discover whether the general positive association between factor VII and triglyceride levels extends to this condition, 5 patients were compared with 18 controls. All patients had a triglyceride below 100 μmol/l. Plasma unesterified fatty acid concentration was normal. Although factor IX activity was only slightly reduced (mean 88% standard) and factor IX antigen was normal, mean activated factor VII in patients was strikingly reduced to 34% of that in controls, a level similar to that found in haemophilia B. The patients’ mean factor VII activity and factor VII antigen were also significantly reduced to 54% and 63% of those in controls, respectively. Mean factor XI activity and tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity were reduced in patients to 70% and 75% of control values respectively, while factor XII, factor XI antigen, factor X, prothrombin and protein C were normal.

Rabbit aortic medial thickness under relaxed and specified simulated in vivo conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. H623-H627
Author(s):  
G. Schneiderman ◽  
W. F. Pritchard ◽  
C. A. Ramirez ◽  
C. K. Colton ◽  
K. A. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Macromolecular Transport ◽  
Liquid Silicone ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Longitudinal Extension ◽  
Media Layer

A method is presented for measuring the thickness of the intima-media layer of the normal rabbit descending thoracic aortic wall under both relaxed (excised) and specified simulated in vivo conditions. The in vivo conditions were simulated by maintaining the aorta in situ at its normal longitudinal extension while perfusing its lumen at the normal mean arterial pressure with a mixture of liquid silicone polymer and a catalyst, thus providing physiological radial distension. After the rubber cured, both relaxed and extended-distended tissue segments were obtained from adjacent sites on the same aorta. These tissue segments were fixed and further processed for measurement of their medial thicknesses by light microscopy. This data was used to estimate the ratio of the medial thickness of the relaxed, excised aorta to that under in vivo conditions, 1.72 +/- 0.15. This information is required for quantitative analysis of data obtained from previous studies of in vivo macromolecular transport across the rabbit thoracic aortic wall.

scholarly journals Over one third of patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement display femoral or acetabular version abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaki Arshad ◽  
Henry David Maughan ◽  
Karadi Hari Sunil Kumar ◽  
Matthew Pettit ◽  
Arvind Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Acetabular Version ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Femoral Version ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was investigate the relationship between version and torsional abnormalities of the acetabulum, femur and tibia in patients with symptomatic FAI. Methods A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases. Original research articles evaluating the described version and torsional parameters in FAI were included. The MINORS criteria were used to appraise study quality and risk of bias. Mean version and torsion values were displayed using forest plots and the estimated proportion of hips displaying abnormalities in version/torsion were calculated. Results A total of 1206 articles were identified from the initial search, with 43 articles, involving 8861 hips, meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies evaluating femoral or acetabular version in FAI reported ‘normal’ mean version values (10–25 °). However, distribution analysis revealed that an estimated 31% and 51% of patients with FAI displayed abnormal central acetabular and femoral version, respectively. Conclusion Up to 51% of patients presenting with symptomatic FAI show an abnormal femoral version, whilst up to 31% demonstrate abnormal acetabular version. This high percentage of version abnormalities highlights the importance of evaluating these parameters routinely during assessment of patients with FAI, to guide clinical decision-making. Level of evidence IV.

scholarly journals Targeting low-normal or high-normal mean arterial pressure after cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a randomised pilot trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2091-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Jakkula ◽  
◽  
Ville Pettilä ◽  
Markus B. Skrifvars ◽  
Johanna Hästbacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Normal Mean

Uptake of exogenous substrates during hypoxia in fetal lambs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. E572-E578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Milley
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Normal Nitrogen ◽  
Exogenous Substrates

Fetal uptakes of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and alpha-amino-nitrogen containing substrates were measured in eight near-term fetal lambs by simultaneously drawing blood samples from the umbilical vein and descending aorta, then measuring umbilical blood flow using the microsphere method. These procedures were repeated after 3 h of hypoxia induced by lowering maternal inspired oxygen concentration. On the next day the experiment was repeated, except the ewes were first made hypoxic then allowed to breathe room air. These conditions decreased the delivery of oxygen, but not the delivery of other metabolic substrates to the fetus. During hypoxia, fetal oxygen uptake was 82% of normal (mean of both days); fetal glucose and amino-nitrogen uptakes were 74 and 23% of normal, respectively, and fetal lactate uptake became insignificant. These data indicate that endogenous rather than exogenous substrates are used to support fetal oxidative metabolism during hypoxia. Also, because exogenous uptake of amino-nitrogen is less than normal nitrogen accretion rates, fetal growth must be reduced as a consequence of 3-4 h of hypoxia.

Mechanism of hemoglobin-induced protection against endotoxemia in rats: a ferritin-independent pathway

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. L268-L275 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Otterbein ◽  
B. Y. Chin ◽  
S. L. Otterbein ◽  
V. C. Lowe ◽  
H. E. Fessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Normal Mean

Hemoglobin (Hb) induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which catalyzes the breakdown of heme to bilirubin, and ferritin. Rats pretreated with Hb have been shown to survive lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; see L. Otterbein, S. L. Sylvester, and A. M. Choi. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 13: 595-601, 1995). The physiological basis of this increased survival and the mechanism(s) involved in the protection against LPS by Hb are unknown. Here we investigated 1) the effects of Hb on the hemodynamic and biochemical parameters of LPS-induced tissue injury and 2) the mechanism(s) by which Hb conferred protection against shock and tissue injury. Hb-treated rats maintained normal mean arterial blood pressure, whereas control rats experienced cardiovascular collapse after a lethal dose of LPS. Hepatic and renal functions, peripheral white blood cells, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphate also remained normal after LPS in Hb-treated rats. Hb also attenuated LPS-induced neutrophil alveolitis and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Pretreatment with both desferoxamine, which, like ferritin, can bind iron, and with exogenous apoferritin failed to protect against LPS. In contrast, treatment with Hb plus desferoxamine, which induced HO-1 but not ferritin, did protect against LPS. Treatment with iron-dextran, which induced ferritin but not HO-1, did not protect against LPS. We conclude that Hb pretreatment reduces the inflammatory and physiological consequences of LPS and that the Hb-induced protection against LPS is dependent on HO-1 and not ferritin induction.

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