The application of various picloram formulations to cut stumps of Brachystegia spiciformis Benth., Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin, Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. and Acacia karroo Hayne trees

Abstract Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) populations are maintained in wild host plants such as trees that act as pest reservoirs from where beetle infestation of maize granaries take place. In this study, we assessed the suitability of plant species sold and transported as firewood as well as other plant species in Mozambique as hosts for P. truncatus. Prostephanus truncatus was only recorded from three tree species, which are sold as firewood, i.e., Brachystegia spiciformis, Strychnos spinosa, and Colophospermum mopane. The pest survived and bred in 13 tree and 7 grass species. Dry wood of several tree species and the grasses Acroceras macrum and Hyparrhenia hirta were suitable hosts for pest development. Sale and transport of certain firewood species may be an important driver of the spread of this pest. The importance of dry maize stalks and several grass species in sustaining pest populations is described for the first time. Several grass species are used as thatch or fencing material and, together with maize crop residues close to small-scale granaries, may provide significant sources of beetle infestation.

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Natural infection and colonization of pre-commercially cut stumps of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris by Heterobasidion rot and its biocontrol fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 104208

Author(s):

Tālis Gaitnieks ◽

Astra Zaļuma ◽

Kristīne Kenigsvalde ◽

Lauma Brūna ◽

Dārta Kļaviņa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽

Cut Stumps

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Wood production in a natural stand of Acacia karroo in Zimbabwe

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/s0378-1127(96)03782-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 289-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

I.D. Gourlay ◽

J.P. Smith ◽

R.D. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Wood Production ◽

Natural Stand ◽

Acacia Karroo

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Supplements containing Acacia karroo foliage reduce nematode burdens in Nguni and crossbred cattle

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an09028 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 646 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

V. Xhomfulana ◽

C. Mapiye ◽

M. Chimonyo ◽

M. C. Marufu

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Crossbred Cattle ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Acacia Karroo ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Nguni Cattle ◽

Sunflower Cake ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

And Control

The objective of this study was to compare nematode worm burdens in Nguni and crossbred cattle supplemented with Acacia karroo leaf meal. Eighteen Nguni (274.4 ± 17.34 kg) and 12 crossbred (230.5 ± 14.62 kg) steers aged 19 months were allocated to three dietary treatments: A. karroo leaf meal, sunflower cake and control with no supplement. Steers in all the treatments grazed on natural pasture whereas those on A. karroo leaf meal and sunflower cake diets were given an additional 1.5 kg and 650 g of feed, respectively, to supply 150 g of protein per day for 60 days. Faecal samples collected from the steers’ recta every fortnight were examined for nematode egg types using the modified McMaster technique. At slaughter, the abomasa and intestines were collected, opened and washed for worm identification. Nguni steers supplemented with the A. karroo leaf meal diet had the lowest mean strongyles egg counts and mean total egg counts (P < 0.05). Steers that received the A. karroo leaf meal and sunflower cake diets had lower Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum colombianum worm burdens than those that received the control diet (P < 0.05). Mean strongyles and Strongyloides egg counts, and H. contortus and Oes. colombianum worm counts were negatively correlated with average daily gain and body condition scores (P < 0.05). Generally, Nguni cattle supplemented with A. karroo leaf meal had the lowest egg loads and worm burdens. It was concluded that supplementing cattle with A. karroo could reduce nematode burdens.

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Volume and Aboveground Biomass Models for Dry Miombo Woodland in Tanzania

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2014/531256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ezekiel Edward Mwakalukwa ◽

Henrik Meilby ◽

Thorsten Treue

Keyword(s):

Basic Density ◽

General Tendency ◽

Miombo Woodland ◽

Important Species ◽

Wood Basic Density ◽

Biomass Models ◽

Species Specific ◽

Brachystegia Spiciformis ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Similar Site

Tools to accurately estimate tree volume and biomass are scarce for most forest types in East Africa, including Tanzania. Based on a sample of 142 trees and 57 shrubs from a 6,065 ha area of dry miombo woodland in Iringa rural district in Tanzania, regression models were developed for volume and biomass of three important species,Brachystegia spiciformisBenth. (n = 40),Combretum molleG. Don (n = 41), andDalbergia arbutifoliaBaker (n = 37) separately, and for broader samples of trees (28 species,n = 72), shrubs (16 species,n = 32), and trees and shrubs combined (44 species,n = 104). Applied independent variables were log-transformed diameter, height, and wood basic density, and in each case a range of different models were tested. The general tendency among the final models is that the fit improved when height and wood basic density were included. Also the precision and accuracy of the predictions tended to increase from general to species-specific models. Except for a few volume and biomass models developed for shrubs, all models hadR2values of 96–99%. Thus, the models appear robust and should be applicable to forests with similar site conditions, species, and diameter ranges.

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Acacia karroo invasion of grassland: environmental and biotic effects influencing seedling emergence and establishment

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/bf00329083 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 214-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

T. G. O'Connor

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Acacia Karroo ◽

Biotic Effects

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Vegetation description of the Doornhoek section of the Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP), South Africa

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v50i1.142 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hugo Bezuidenhout ◽

Leslie R. Brown

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Valley Bottom ◽

Large Herbivores ◽

Vegetation Map ◽

Acacia Karroo ◽

Community Types ◽

Recent Addition ◽

Floristic Data ◽

Sound Management

The Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) has been extended over the last couple of years. One of the newly procured areas is the Doornhoek section, which had been adjacent to the park. To develop scientifically sound management programmes for conservation areas, it is essential that an inventory of their natural resources be undertaken. The aim of this study was to classify, describe and map the vegetation of the Doornhoek section of the park. The floristic data were analysed in accordance with the Braun-Blanquet procedures using the BBPC suite. The data analysis resulted in the identification of eight communities, which can be grouped into seven major community types (Rhus lucida–Buddleja glomerata Shrubland, Rhigozum obovatum–Rhus longispina Shrubland, Helichrysum dregeanum–Aristida diffusa Grassland, Pentzia globosa–Enneapogon scoparius Grassland, Aristida adscensionus–Pentzia globosa Grassland, Cadaba aphylla–Acacia karroo Woodland and Lycium oxycarpum–Acacia karroo Woodland). Four of these communities occur on the higher-lying plateau, mid-slope and crest areas, while the other four communities are located on the lower-lying mid-plateau and foot slope, along drainage lines and in valley-bottom areas. The description of the plant communities, together with the vegetation map, can serve as a basis for formulating a management programme for the larger park. Although sections of Doornhoek have been overgrazed and degraded in the past, its recent addition to the MZNP contributes to the available habitat preferred by large herbivores, such as valley bottoms, foot-slopes and plateaux.

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