Effects of active, passive or no warm-up on metabolism and performance during high-intensity exercise

The authors sought to determine the effects of oral lactate consumption on blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) levels, pH levels, and performance during high-intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Subjects (N = 11) were trained male and female cyclists. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work were measured during high-intensity exercise bouts 80 min after the consumption of 120 mg/kg body mass of lactate (L), an equal volume of placebo (PL), or no treatment (NT). Blood HCO3− increased significantly after ingestion of lactate (p < .05) but was not affected in PL or NT (p > .05). No changes in pH were observed as a result of treatment. TTE and total work during the performance test increased significantly by 17% in L compared with PL and NT (p = .02). No significant differences in TTE and total work were seen between the PL and NT protocols (p = .85). The authors conclude that consuming 120 mg/kg body mass of lactate increases HCO3− levels and increases exercise performance during high-intensity cycling ergometry to exhaustion.

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Short-Duration, High-Intensity Exercise and Performance of a Sports-Specific Skill: A Preliminary Study

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.105.2.523-530 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 523-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Terry McMorris ◽

Tom Rayment

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Perceptual Judgment ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Specific Skill ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

And Performance ◽

Variable Errors ◽

Number Of Passes

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of one bout and three intermittent bouts of short-duration, high-intensity running on the performance of a sports-specific psychomotor skill. Participants ( N = 13) were male soccer players ( M age 20.5 yr., SD = 2.0) who had been playing semi-professionally for M = 2.1 years, SD = 1.11 and trained twice a week. They undertook a soccer-passing test in three conditions: following rest, following a 100-m sprint and following 3 × 100-m sprints, with 30-sec. rest intervals between sprints. Passing accuracy showed a significant linear deterioration, while number of passes showed a significant quadratic effect. Low to moderate linear regression correlations were found between posttest heart rate and absolute and variable errors on the test. It was concluded that short-duration, high-intensity exercise has a negative effect on accuracy in a sports-specific task that requires both perceptual judgment and motor control.

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No effect of glutamine supplementation and hyperoxia on oxidative metabolism and performance during high-intensity exercise

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640410801930200 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1081-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Simon Marwood ◽

Jo Bowtell

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Metabolism ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Glutamine Supplementation ◽

And Performance

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High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Anaerobic Energy Contribution during 100-m Sprint

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Seung-Bo Park ◽

Da-Sol Park ◽

Minjun Kim ◽

Eunseok Lee ◽

Doowon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Young Male ◽

Time Trial ◽

Energy System ◽

Warm Up ◽

Sprint Time ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

And Performance

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm-up intensity on energetic contribution and performance during a 100-m sprint. Ten young male sprinters performed 100-m sprints following both a high-intensity warm-up (HIW) and a low-intensity warm-up (LIW). Both the HIW and LIW were included in common baseline warm-ups and interventional warm-ups (eight 60-m runs, HIW; 60 to 95%, LIW; 40% alone). Blood lactate concentration [La−], time trial, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured. The different energy system contribution was calculated by using physiological variables. [La−1]Max following HIW was significantly higher than in LIW (11.86 ± 2.52 vs. 9.24 ± 1.61 mmol·L−1; p < 0.01, respectively). The 100-m sprint time trial was not significantly different between HIW and LIW (11.83 ± 0.57 vs. 12.10 ± 0.63 s; p > 0.05, respectively). The relative (%) phosphagen system contribution was higher in the HIW compared to the LIW (70 vs. 61%; p < 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that an HIW increases phosphagen and glycolytic system contributions as compared to an LIW for the 100-m sprint. Furthermore, an HIW prior to short-term intense exercise has no effect on a 100-m sprint time trial; however, it tends to improve times (decreased 100-m time trial; −0.27 s in HIW vs. LIW).

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Warm up intensity influences running performance despite prolonged recovery

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/17479541211004248 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174795412110042

Author(s):

Hunter L Paris ◽

Erin C Sinai ◽

Margaret A Leist ◽

Carrington M Crain ◽

Alexandra M Keller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Time Trial ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Warm Up ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Prolonged Recovery ◽

And Performance ◽

Road Races ◽

Trial Performance

When competing in road races, runners enter starting corrals long before the starting gun triggers. Athletes consequently must complete warm up routines well in advance of race commencement. To optimize performance readiness warm up intensity may need altered to account for the prolonged time between warm up and performance. This study tested the effectiveness of various warm up intensities on 1600 m run performance given a 20 min separation between warm up and time trial, and assessed the physiological bases for performance outcomes. In a randomized, crossover design, 14 athletic men and women [(age (mean ± SEM) = 22 ± 1 y; V·O2peak = 50.3 ± 2.5 ml·kg−1·min−1] completed three warm up routines (light-, moderate-, or high-intensity warm up), rested for 20 min, and ran a 1600 m time trial. Warm up procedures were evaluated for their influence on performance, blood lactate, V·O2, and alterations to neuromuscular function. Time trial performance was significantly faster ( P < 0.03) following a moderate-intensity warm up (6:12 ± 18 min:s·1600 m−1) compared to a light-intensity warm up (6:30 ± 18 min:s·1600 m−1). Performance following the high-intensity warm up (6:18 ± 24 min:s·1600 m−1) fell between the light and moderate conditions. When stratified based on starting lactate concentrations, 1600 m performance was optimized when pre-time trial lactate was 2.0–4.9 mmol·l−1. When a prolonged rest separates warm up exercise from time trial performance, warming up remains efficacious. Optimal warm up intensity may be identified using starting lactate as a gauge for performance readiness.

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