Sleep of professional athletes: Underexploited potential to improve health and performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Tuomilehto ◽  
Ville-Pekka Vuorinen ◽  
Elina Penttilä ◽  
Marko Kivimäki ◽  
Markus Vuorenmaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Athletes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Improve Health

scholarly journals Return to Sport After Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110035
Author(s):  
Kyle W. Morse ◽  
Ajay Premkumar ◽  
Andrew Zhu ◽  
Rachelle Morgenstern ◽  
Edwin P. Su
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Hip Resurfacing ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty ◽  
Resurfacing Arthroplasty ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
End Stage

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement and degenerative hip osteoarthritis (OA) affect athletes across a wide variety of sports. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) has emerged as a surgical treatment for active individuals with end-stage hip OA to provide pain relief and allow return to high-impact activities. Return to professional sports after HRA has not been well characterized. Purpose/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to report on a series of elite athletes in a variety of sports who underwent HRA. We hypothesized that professional and elite-level athletes would be able to return to sports after HRA for end-stage hip OA. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted on professional athletes who underwent HRA at a single institution between 2007 and 2017. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon using the posterolateral approach. Athletes’ return to play and sport-specific performance statistics were obtained using self-reported and publicly available data sources. Athletes were matched to an age- and performance-based cohort to determine changes in performance-based metrics. Results: Eight professional athletes were identified, including 2 baseball pitchers, 1 ice hockey defenseman, 1 foil fencer, 1 men’s doubles tennis player, 1 basketball player, 1 ultramarathoner, and 1 Ironman triathlete. All 8 patients returned to sports; 6 of 8 (75%) patients were able to return for at least 1 full season at a professional level after surgery. There were no significant differences between performance statistics for athletes who returned to play and their preoperative performance measures for the years leading up to surgery or the age- and performance-matched cohort. Conclusion: HRA remains a surgical alternative for end-stage hip OA in young, high-impact, active patients. While the primary goals of surgery are pain control and quality of life improvement, it is possible to return to elite-level sporting activity after HRA.

Self-Reported Wellness in Training and Performance: A Comparison of Professional Ballet Dancers and Professional Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Carly Harrison ◽  
Scott Ruddock ◽  
Susan Mayes ◽  
Jill Cook ◽  
Paul O’Halloran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: In high-performance sport, the use of self-report measures is expanding. The exploration of wellness states in response to training and performance requires further investigation for professional ballet dancers and athletes. This study therefore aimed to: compare wellness scores between professional ballet dancers and athletes in training and performance; report frequency of self-reported modified participation during training and performance; and report frequency of self-reported inability to participate due to pain and illness in dancers and athletes. METHODS: Fourteen professional ballet dancers (mean 26 yrs, SD 2.6) and 14 sex- and age-matched professional athletes (mean 27.7 yrs, SD 2.9) recorded daily wellness (fatigue, stress, sleep quality and quantity), participation (full, rest, modified, or unable to participate) and activity (performance, training) into a wellness application on their smart phone over a 4-month period. Mixed factorial ANOVAs were conducted to assess the interaction between group (ballet dancers and athletes) and activity (performance and training) on the dependent variables (stress, fatigue, sleep quality, and sleep quantity). RESULTS: Stress and fatigue levels were higher for both dancers and athletes during performance compared to training periods. Dancers recorded lower sleep quantity than athletes, with no difference in sleep quality. Modified participation appears more common in dancers compared to athletes. Dancers and athletes were rarely unable to train or perform/compete over the 4 months. CONCLUSION: Self-reported wellness scores appear sensitive to activity type and can provide valuable information to guide intervention and recovery strategies. Further research on the impact of poor wellness on performance, illness, and injury in professional ballet is warranted.

scholarly journals Dietary Practices Adopted by Track-and-Field Athletes: Gluten-Free, Low FODMAP, Vegetarian, and Fasting

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Lis ◽  
Daniel Kings ◽  
D. Enette Larson-Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Special Diets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Improve Health

Some track-and-field athletes implement special diets aiming to improve health and/or performance. An evidence-based approach to any diet is recommended to minimize the risks associated with unnecessary dietary restriction, which may potentially do more harm than good. Four prevalent diets are reviewed in this study: (a) gluten-free; (b) low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP); (c) vegetarian; and (d) fasting diets. Recently, gluten-free diets and low FODMAP diets have emerged as novel regimes thought to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms. No direct beneficial outcomes have been associated with avoiding gluten for clinically healthy athletes. Indirectly, a gluten-free diet is associated with other dietary changes, particularly FODMAP reduction, which may improve adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. Vegetarian diets can optimally support athletic demands. However, attention is required to ensure adequate energy and intake of specific nutrients that are less abundant or less well absorbed from plant sources. Finally, fasting is a long-standing concept that is undertaken on a voluntary and obligatory basis. Despite limited supporting research, voluntary fasting is a popular alternative to conventional diets perceptually offering health and body composition benefits. Strict obligatory fasting guidelines likely require the implementation of tailored nutrition strategies to help athletes cope with athletic demands. Overall, a multitude of factors influence adherence to special diets. Even when adherence to a special diet is a necessity, education and advice from an accredited dietitian/nutritionist are recommended for track-and-field athletes to optimize nutrition for health and performance.

Competitiveness in Elite Professional Athletes

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1447-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Houston ◽  
David Carter ◽  
Robert D Smither
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
And Performance

This study examined sport and interpersonal competitiveness between 92 tennis club players and 155 professional players (131 active and 24 retired) and also considered sex differences, differences in stage of career, and performance. Analysis indicated that tennis professionals scored higher on both sport and interpersonal measures of competitiveness than amateur tennis players and that competitiveness remains stable across stages of career. In addition, female tennis professionals scored higher on sport competitiveness than males. Neither measure of competitiveness was significantly related to professional ranking.

scholarly journals Avoidance Motivation and Choking under Pressure in Soccer Penalty Shootouts

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Jordet ◽  
Esther Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Choking Under Pressure ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between shot valence, avoidance behavior, and performance in soccer penalty shootouts. Video analyses were conducted with all penalty shootouts ever held in the World Cup, the European Championships, and the UEFA Champions League (n = 36 shootouts, 359 kicks). Shot valence was assessed from the potential consequences of a shot outcome as follows: Shots where a goal instantly leads to victory were classified as positive valence shots and shots where a miss instantly leads to loss as negative valence shots. Avoidance behavior was defined as looking away from the goalkeeper or preparing the shot quickly (thus speeding up the wait). The results showed that avoidance behavior occurred more with negative valence shots than with positive shots and that players with negative valence shots performed worse than those with positive shots. Thus, avoidance motivation may help explain why professional athletes occasionally choke under pressure.

scholarly journals Oral health and performance impacts in elite and professional athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gallagher ◽  
Paul Ashley ◽  
Aviva Petrie ◽  
Ian Needleman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
And Performance

Professional Athletes’ Return to Play and Performance After Operative Repair of an Achilles Tendon Rupture

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2864-2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Trofa ◽  
J. Chance Miller ◽  
Eugene S. Jang ◽  
Denzel R. Woode ◽  
Justin K. Greisberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
The United States ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
And Performance

Background: Most Achilles tendon ruptures are sports related. However, few studies have examined and compared the effect of surgical repair for complete ruptures on return to play (RTP), play time, and performance across multiple sports. Purpose: To examine RTP and performance among professional athletes after Achilles tendon repair and compare pre- versus postoperative functional outcomes of professional athletes from different major leagues in the United States. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), and National Hockey League (NHL) athletes who sustained a primary complete Achilles tendon rupture treated surgically between 1989 and 2013 were identified via public injury reports and press releases. Demographic information and performance-related statistics were recorded for 2 seasons before and after surgery and compared with matched controls. Statistical analyses were used to assess differences in recorded metrics. Results: Of 86 athletes screened, 62 met inclusion criteria including 25 NBA, 32 NFL, and 5 MLB players. Nineteen (30.6%) professional athletes with an isolated Achilles tendon rupture treated surgically were unable to return to play. Among athletes who successfully returned to play, game participation averaged 75.4% ( P < .001) and 81.9% ( P = .002) of the total games played the season before injury at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, respectively. Play time was significantly decreased and athletes performed significantly worse compared with preoperative levels at 1 and 2 years after injury ( P < .001). When players were compared with matched controls, an Achilles tendon rupture resulted in fewer games played ( P < .001), decreased play time ( P = .025), and worse performance statistics ( P < .001) at 1 year but not 2 years postoperatively ( P > .05). When individual sports were compared, NBA players were most significantly affected, experiencing significant decreases in games played, play time, and performance. Conclusion: An Achilles tendon rupture is a devastating injury that prevents RTP for 30.6% of professional players. Athletes who do return play in fewer games, have less play time, and perform at a lower level than their preinjury status. However, these functional deficits are seen only at 1 year after surgery compared with matched controls, such that players who return to play can expect to perform at a level commensurate with uninjured controls 2 years postoperatively.

scholarly journals Use of Dietary Supplements among Professional Athletes in Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman O. Aljaloud ◽  
Salam A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior

The objective of this study was to understand the usage patterns of dietary supplements among professional athletes in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of sixteen questions divided into four categories: use of supplements, reason for consumption of supplements, personal beliefs about supplements, and behavior. The questionnaires were given to the three teams residing in Riyadh: Al Hilal, Al Nasr, and Al-Shabab. Out of the 105 athletes surveyed, we found that only 98 are currently taking dietary supplements and the mean age and standard deviation were25.74±2.90. The survey results showed a high percentage of athletes (93.3%;n=98) using different dietary supplements throughout the season, 43.8% (n=43) reported using supplements for performance, and 32.6% (n=32) believed in health benefits as a reason for using dietary supplements. Our results showed that a total of 87 (88.7%), 81 (82.6%), and 51 (52.0%) athletes are consuming sports drinks, vitamin C, and multivitamins, respectively. Meanwhile, those supplements ranking among the least used included omega 6 (18.6%), creatine (16.3%), and Ginkgo biloba (10.2%). A majority of athletes indicated that their use of supplements was for the purpose of improving their health and performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document