Physiological determinants of elite mountain bike cross-country Olympic performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1154-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Bejder ◽  
Thomas Christian Bonne ◽  
Michael Nyberg ◽  
Kim Anker Sjøberg ◽  
Nikolai Baastrup Nordsborg
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Cross Country

Power Output and Pacing During International Cross-Country Mountain Bike Cycling

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Granier ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss ◽  
Anaël Aubry ◽  
Yvon Vauchez ◽  
Sylvain Dorel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
World Class ◽  
Physiological Profiles ◽  
Road Cyclists ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose: To characterize the physiological profiles of elite cross-country mountain-bike (XCO-MTB) cyclists and to examine their pacing and power-output (PO) distribution during international races. Methods: Over 2 competitive seasons, 8 male XCO-MTB cyclists (VO2max 79.9 [5.2] mL·min−1·kg−1, maximal aerobic power [MAP] 411 [18] W and 6.3 [0.4] W·kg−1) regularly undertook incremental tests to assess their PO and heart rate (HR) at first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and at VO2max. During the same period, their PO, HR, speed, and cadence were recorded over 13 international races (total of 30 recorded files). Results: Mean PO, speed, cadence, and HR during the races were 283 (22) W (4.31 [0.32] W·kg−1, 68% [5%] MAP), 19.7 (2.1) km·h−1, 68 (8) rpm, and 172 (11) beats·min−1 (91% [2%] HRmax), respectively. The average times spent below 10% of MAP, between 10% of MAP and VT1, between VT1 and VT2, between VT2 and MAP, and above MAP were 25% (5%), 21% (4%), 13% (3%), 16% (3%), and 26% (5%), respectively. Both speed and PO decreased from the start loop to lap 1 before stabilizing until the end of the race.Conclusions: Elite off-road cyclists demonstrated typical values of world-class endurance cyclists with an excellent power-to-mass ratio. This study demonstrated that XCO-MTB races are performed at higher intensities than reported in previous research and are characterized by a fast start followed by an even pace.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Distribution During Cross-Country Mountain Bike Racing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bernhard Prinz ◽  
Dieter Simon ◽  
Harald Tschan ◽  
Alfred Nimmerichter
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Mean Power Output ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Purpose: To determine aerobic and anaerobic demands of mountain bike cross-country racing. Methods: Twelve elite cyclists (7 males;  = 73.8 [2.6] mL·min-1·kg−1, maximal aerobic power [MAP] = 370 [26] W, 5.7 [0.4] W·kg−1, and 5 females;  = 67.3 [2.9] mL·min−1·kg−1, MAP = 261 [17] W, 5.0 [0.1] W·kg−1) participated over 4 seasons at several (119) international and national races and performed laboratory tests regularly to assess their aerobic and anaerobic performance. Power output, heart rate, and cadence were recorded throughout the races. Results: The mean race time was 79 (12) minutes performed at a mean power output of 3.8 (0.4) W·kg−1; 70% (7%) MAP (3.9 [0.4] W·kg−1 and 3.6 [0.4] W·kg−1 for males and females, respectively) with a cadence of 64 (5) rev·min−1 (including nonpedaling periods). Time spent in intensity zones 1 to 4 (below MAP) were 28% (4%), 18% (8%), 12% (2%), and 13% (3%), respectively; 30% (9%) was spent in zone 5 (above MAP). The number of efforts above MAP was 334 (84), which had a mean duration of 4.3 (1.1) seconds, separated by 10.9 (3) seconds with a mean power output of 7.3 (0.6) W·kg−1 (135% [9%] MAP). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of the anaerobic energy system and the interaction between anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. Therefore, the ability to perform numerous efforts above MAP and a high aerobic capacity are essential to be competitive in mountain bike cross-country.

scholarly journals Understanding the Physiological Requirements of the Mountain Bike Cross-Country Olympic Race Format

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Hays ◽  
Simon Devys ◽  
Denis Bertin ◽  
Laurie-anne Marquet ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Pacing strategy during cross-country short track mountain bike event

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhaí André Arriel ◽  
Moacir Marocolo
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Although in recent years, cross-country short track (XCC) mountain biking became more popular among athletes and coaches, no study has analyzed the main determinants of performance in this modality. Thus, this study investigates performance and pacing profile of professional cross-country cyclists on different technical sections during a XCC competition. Twenty male professional cross-country cyclists (25.9 ± 5.4 years; eight under 23 and twelve elite), performed 6 laps of a XCC 2020 UCI International Mountain Bike Cup. Average speed (lap by lap and in five different technical sections of the track) were analyzed according to athletes, categories and race performance group. For race performance analyses, cyclists were divided into 4 groups (1-4; n=5 each), according to total race time, presenting group 1 the better performance. In general, XCC athletes adopted a positive pacing profile during competition but no differences in speed over the race or in each circuit section were found between categories (p > 0.05). Race performance groups adopted different pacing profiles: group 1 maintained a more even pacing profile, groups 2 and 3 adopted a positive pacing profile and group 4 adopted a reverse J-shaped pacing profile. No difference in speed was found between categories across track sections. Group 1 was 17.9% and 8.3% faster than the group 4 (p < 0.05) on the non-technical uphill section and more technical uphill/downhill section, respectively. A general positive pacing profile during XCC is adopted by the mainly of athletes and this choice of pacing profile is influenced by race performance, regardless of cyclist category. Furthermore, physical fitness is more relevant than technical ability in this competition.

scholarly journals Pacing strategy during Olympic Cross-Country Mountain Bike: effects of performance level, age and sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Everton Crivoi Do Carmo ◽  
Allan Inoue ◽  
Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad ◽  
Frederico Antonio dos Santos Andrade ◽  
Valmor Tricoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: the aim of the present study was to verify the pacing strategy during a season of a Cross-Country Mountain Bike (XCO-MTB) and the effects of performance level, age and sex. Method: Overall, 802 paces in 4 age-sex categories were analyzed: male elite (EliteM; n = 272), female elite (EliteF; n = 170), male under-23 (U23M; n = 247) and female under-23 (U23F; n = 113). Races were divided into Initial Lap; middle one (Middle1); middle two (Middle2) and Final Lap. The athletes were divided into high performance (HP); intermediated performance (IP) and low performance (LP). The magnitude-based inference and the effect size were assessed to check the changes clinically important. Results: it was observed a similar fast-start strategy for all categories. Both HP EliteM and EliteF athletes showed higher speed in Final Lap than LP (EliteM - ES = 0.5; 90%CI -0.8 to -0.2; very likely and EliteF - ES = 1.0; 90%CI -1.4 to -0.6; almost certain). The U23F athletes showed higher speeds in Initial Lap than EliteF (ES = 0.21; 90%CI - 0.1 to 0.5; likely), however in Final Lap the speeds was lower in U23F (ES = 1; 90%CI -1.3 to -0.6; very likely). Conclusion: the fast-start strategy is typically used during a XCO-MTB race independently of performance level, age or sex. HP Elite athletes are able to maintain higher speeds in the Final Lap. U23F athletes used to do a more variable pacing strategy with more aggressive fast-start strategy and lower speed in Final Lap than EliteF.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors on Olympic cross-country mountain bike performance

Temperature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Franck Brocherie ◽  
Simon Fischer ◽  
Quentin De Larochelambert ◽  
Henri Meric ◽  
Florence Riera
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Cross Country
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