Suburban paradox? Planners' intentions and residents’ preferences in two new towns of the 1960s: Reston, Virginia and Milton Keynes, England

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Clapson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Desponds ◽  
Elizabeth Auclair

Launched in the middle of the 1960s, the Paris region master plan (SDAU de la région Parisienne) deeply changed the structure of the largest French agglomeration: five new towns were created in order to solve various problems in terms of urban amenities and economic development. Located in the urban fringes, they were supposed to help reorganise the whole agglomeration following a polycentric model. This decision was a strong break with the past for this very monocentric city of Paris. At first, the success of the project depended directly on State support. After that, the new towns became more autonomous, generating their own attractiveness. Forty years later, even if the process is not yet totally finished, it is possible to evaluate the consequences of this vast scheme. To begin with, the demographic weight of the new towns is not as important as initially expected: in 2010, they represented 7.9% of the population of the whole agglomeration. Their economic weight is similar, representing less than 7.7% of the agglomeration. Nevertheless, the new towns concentrate a large quantity of diversified jobs and they succeed in attracting firms in different activity sectors, even if each of them does not present the same advantages. These elements tend to show that the new towns have partly reached their initial goals. Consequently, the new towns have contributed in improving the socio-spatial organisation of the Paris suburbs. However, the recent urban policy for the Paris agglomeration called the ‘Grand Paris’ does not integrate the new towns, and this raises many questions for the future of these territories.


Urban Studies ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1679-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Peiser ◽  
Alain C. Chang
Keyword(s):  

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Christian Montès

Gordon Cherry, Town Planning in Britain since 1900 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), 260 pp., £12.99, ISBN 0–631–19994–2.Mark Clapson, Invincible green suburbs, brave new towns (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998), 242 pp., £45.00 (hb), ISBN 0–719–04135–X.Mark Clapson, Mervyn Dobbin and Peter Waterman, eds., The Best Laid Plans. Milton Keynes since 1967 (Luton: University of Luton Press, 1998), 142 pp., ISBN 1–860–20556–9.Gilles Massardier, Expertise et aménagement du territoire. L'Etat savant (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1996), 286 pp., 160 FF, ISBN 2–738–44903–4.Danièle Voldman, La reconstruction des villes françaises de 1940 à 1954. Histoire d'une politique (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997), 488 pp., 270 FF, ISBN 2–738–45194–2.About one century ago, a movement was born which aimed at reforming the physical environment of cities in order to reform society. It greatly broadened the scope of the former, piecemeal Improvement Commissions which had begun to beautify the cities. Five recent and varied publications will be reviewed here, originating from both British and French academics and planners. We shall use them to make a second reading of ideas and processes contributing to the (re)shaping of town and country in two west European countries. Often described as entities with distinct political, social and economic agendas, both countries nevertheless developed strong confidence in the planning role of the state in cities as well as in ‘town and country’.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Pieter Troch

This article contributes to research on reconfiguration of social and private in socialist cities. It presents the case study of Mitrovica, a smaller and peripheral city in Socialist Yugoslavia, to compensate for the focus on big capital cities and socialist new towns in the literature. The article explores local decision-making processes leading to the upgrading of informal private housing and the parallel downgrading of social-sector housing between the 1960s and 1980s. It demonstrates the open-ended nature of socialist urban development as the processual outcome of negotiations between local actors involved in urban planning and housing strategies of individual residents within the structural framework of central-level housing policies and under-urbanization. The article argues that the individualizing discourse of urban modernity was integral to post-Second World War socialist urban development.


1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Simons

Between 1960 and 1964, the projected population of the United Kingdom at the end of the century was revised from 64 to 75 million. Ecologists and others clamored for a policy aimed at controlling population growth before it placed intolerable burdens on resources and amenities. Skeptics retorted, however, that population policy was not a substitute for environmental policy, that average family size (about 2.5 children) was already relatively low, and that the problems were being exaggerated. Successive British governments showed little enthusiasm for the adoption of a positive policy on population growth. In the late 1960s public birth control services were extended, but these were regarded as a part of health care and not as an instrument of population policy. The only measures to limit numbers were those adopted in the 1960s to restrict immigration from the British West Indies and other parts of the Commonwealth. In 1971 the government set up a panel of experts to assess the available evidence on the significance of population trends. A much more purposeful attitude had been adopted toward the problems associated with uneven distribution of population. After the Second World War, plans for building construction and most other forms of development had to conform to physical planning policy. New towns were established to draw population from congested urban areas, and businessmen were given incentives to expand in those areas where unemployment tended to encourage migration to more prosperous parts of Great Britain.


1987 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kezeiri

AbstractThe recent history of Middle Eastern new town formation and the concepts which underlie it are briefly outlined. New town developments in Libya are reviewed, from the colonial experiments of Italy, through the oil industry expansion in the 1960s, to the recent government sponsored schemes. A number of case studies are provided to illustrate the specific environmental and social factors which planners need to take into account in Libya. Some preliminary comments are offered on the success and failure of twentieth century new towns in Libya.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
David Prichard ◽  
Dhruv Sookhoo

In 1972, David Prichard joined Richard MacCormac and Peter Jamieson to form the architectural practice of MacCormac Jamieson Prichard [1]. He has contributed to the design and delivery of residential masterplans and developments across the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, including in the New Towns of Milton Keynes, Cwmbrân, Warrington, Basildon and the London Docklands, and leading the Ballymun Regeneration Masterplan.


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